Epidemiology of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in cats in Poland.

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a well-known coagulase-positive staphylococcus that is mainly associated with the asymptomatic colonization of the skin of pets and mucous membranes. Little is still known about the occurrence of S. pseudintermedius in cats. The current study aimed to characterize the isolates of S. pseudintermedius from sick and healthy cats. This was achieved by examining their antibiotic resistance properties, biofilm formation, and genotype differences. Six hundred and seventy-six cats were swabbed (595 healthy and 81 sick cats). Thirty-five distinct S. pseudintermedius isolates from 27 cats were isolated. The prevalence of S. pseudintermedius in healthy and sick cats was 2.49% and 7.61%, respectively. In comparison, MRSP (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius) prevalence was 0.12% and 2.98%, respectively. Cats were more frequently colonized with S. pseudintermedius when kept with dogs, regardless of their health condition, with this result being statistically significant. Multidrug resistance was detected in 50%, and 38.46% of S. pseudintermedius isolates from healthy and sick cats, respectively. In contrast, genetic multidrug resistance was detected in 59% and 46.15% cases, respectively. Seven from eight isolated MRSPs were multidrug-resistant. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) assigned isolates to 19 types, of which 16 types submitted for the first time to the PubMLST database. The most frequently detected STs (sequence types) were 551 and 71. ST71 and ST551 were mainly isolated from cats with clinical signs of infection. All were MRSPs, regardless of cats' health. These isolates were characterized with the most frequent antibiotic resistance at the phenotypic and genotypic level.

Brain level and synthesis of acetylcholine during exposure to vibration and organic-phosphorus and phenol-derived pesticides.

The experiments were carried out on white rats studying the quantity and synthesis of acetyl-choline in the cerebral cortex and brain stem during exposure to vibration (50 Hz, 2 mm) and noise (80 dB), noise alone, and pesticides, chlorfenwinfos (1.66 mg/kg), DNPP (5.83 mg/kg), and DNBP (6.66 mg/Kg). The pesticides were given separately to resting animals and to animals exposed to vibration and noise, as well as noise alone. Vibration reduced the content and raised the synthesis of acetylcholine only in the cerebral cortex. The effect of exposure to noise included reduced content and increased synthesis of acetylcholine in the brain stem. Chlorfenwinfos, DNPP and DNBP had a similar effect raising the level of acetylcholine in the cortex and brain stem and decreasing the ability of its synthesis. Simultaneous exposure of the rats to the action of pesticides, vibration and noise, or noise alone led to mutual abolishing of the effects produced by each to these factors on the content and ability of acetylcholine synthesis in brain tissue. In the discussion it is suggested that vibration and noise stimulate the cholinergic centres in the brain. A concept of a mechanical action of vibration on the brain tissue is discussed also. Besides that, it was tried to explain the mechanism of action of pesticides on the content of acetylcholine and its synthesis and the mutual abolition of the effects produced by pesticides and those of vibration and noise, and noise alone on the concentration and ability of acetylcholine synthesis in the brain.

[Treatment of alternating squints: method of localisation by prismatic hypercorrection and with penalisation (author's transl)]. / Traitement des strabismes alternants: méthode localisatrice par l'lypercorrection prismatique associée à une pénalisation.

An analysis of the results of treatment of 50 cases of alternating squint by prismatic hypercorrection with penalisation. The authors have considered the decrease in the deviation, the creation of binocular vision and the durability of the effects after one year. These results equally take into account the age at which the squint appeared.