[Female teenager students: what they know about induced abortion complications]. / Adolescentes estudantes: conhecimentos das complicacões do aborto provocado.

This study aimed to identify the knowledge about induced abortion complications and its relation to age. This is a cross-sectional study performed in schools of Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil, with students 12 to 19 years old. The sample was calculated considering post-abortion curettage data. The Epi Info computer program was used for data analysis. From 2,592 female adolescents studied 65.64% didn't know about any complications of induced abortion. The most mentioned complications were death and sterility. Clinical manifestations of abortion were wrongly mentioned by them as complications. Signification was found between the knowledge of the complications sterility, hemorrhage, and age. Death was significant fo rgirls under 15 and sterility for the older ones. The conclusion is that female adolescents don't have a correct knowledge of induced abortion complications, which shows the risk suffered by the ones that induce it. Thus, there is a need to further clarify the issue and for sexual education.

[Abortion in adolescence: who committed it in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil]. / Aborto provocado na adolescência: quem o praticou na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil.

This quantitative and cross study aims at establishing a profile of female teenagers, from 12 to 19 years old, that committed abortion in a representative random sample of 2592 adolescents in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, in 2005. There were found 149 abortions, where most of them (81.9%) did not have a job, (85%) lived with the parents, (85.2%) were single, (69.8%) studied in a public school and (70.5%) were in high school. The majority had one abortion 93%, but it stands out that 8.5% of them aborted twice and 2.6% four times, showing this data the inadequate attention to teenagers reproductive health. In order to have an abortion, 63.8% of them had support, 83.9% did not have physical complications and 89.3% did not need hospitalization. The conclusion is that the teenagers are getting pregnant and still attending school, looking for abortion as a solution for a not planned pregnancy and that the lack of need of hospitalization post abortion contributes to the statics lack.

The Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire: a study with Portuguese elementary school children.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have focused on the assessment of students' motivation because this construct is very important to understand students' learning and how to enhance it. The Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-A), based on the self-determination theory is a self-report instrument developed to access the reasons why students do their school work. However, there is no Portuguese version of this questionnaire for late elementary students. The primary goal of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of SRQ-A in the domain of Mathematics with elementary school children. METHODS: Participants were 341 elementary school children ranging from 8 to 11 years old from the third and fourth grades. The Portuguese version of the SRQ-A included 24 items assessing four regulatory styles (external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic) in three behavioral categories (homework, classwork, and answering questions in mathematics lessons). To examine the psychometric properties of the instrument, we conducted an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), measured gender and grade invariance, and calculated internal consistency indexes and temporal stability. RESULTS: ESEM analyses supported the original multidimensional structure of the measure with four regulatory styles using a reduced version of the instrument with 16 items. Correlations between the four regulatory styles revealed a simplex pattern consistent with the continuum of self-determination theory. Results showed adequate internal consistency for all regulatory styles (α ≥ .73; CR ≥ .76) and temporal stability (4-month test-retest ≥ .43). The questionnaire showed measurement and structural invariance across gender and grade. Finally, some gender differences were observed; on average, boys scored higher than girls in external regulation. No differences were observed between grades. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the Portuguese version of the SRQ-A has good psychometric properties providing adequate support for its use in educational research on motivational styles, including studies concerning gender and grade differences in self-regulation.

Corrigendum: "To be or not to be Retained That's the Question!" Retention, Self-esteem, Self-concept, Achievement Goals and Grades.

[This corrects the article on p. 1550 in vol. 7, PMID: 27790167.].

Patients' relatives delayed help seeking after a first psychotic episode.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies show that proper treatment after the first psychotic episode may be delayed for a long time. Some patients remain without care even while exhibiting serious symptoms. The objective of the study was to understand the reasons why patients' relatives waited at least 6 months to look for psychiatric counseling and treatment. METHOD: Qualitative analyses of semi-structured interviews with 15 relatives (of patients with first psychotic episode) who have waited more than six months before seeking psychiatric treatment were applied. The interviews were recorded; transcribed and relevant portions were codified and grouped, forming terms, concepts or categories. RESULTS: These family members referred to individuals with mental problems in other families in a stereotyped fashion, citing negative aspects such as violence and criminality. They used softer terms when referring to their family members. Not knowing that their sick relative to be a case of mental illness, relatives classified certain observed behaviors as coming principally from spiritual problems and drug use. The initial delay in seeking medical help for the sick person was influenced by: 1) stereotyped misconceptions used by relatives to understand mental problems; 2) explanatory models elaborated to try to understand the sick person's behavior; 3) fear of psychiatric treatment; and 4) negative experiences with psychiatric services. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural aspects are present at all levels of this elaboration process. Their proper understanding by physicians can considerably diminish relatives' pain and suffering.

"To be or not to be Retained That's the Question!" Retention, Self-esteem, Self-concept, Achievement Goals, and Grades.

Keeping students back in the same grade - retention - has always been a controversial issue in Education, with some defending it as a beneficial remedial practice and others arguing against its detrimental effects. This paper undertakes an analysis of this issue, focusing on the differences in student motivation and self-related variables according to their retention related status, and the interrelationship between retention and these variables. The participants were 695 students selected from two cohorts (5th and 7th graders) of a larger group of students followed over a 3-year project. The students were assigned to four groups according to their retention-related status over time: (1) students with past and recent retention; (2) students with past but no recent retention; (3) students with no past but recent retention; (4) students with no past or recent retention. Measures of achievement goal orientations, self-concept, self-esteem, importance given to school subjects and Grade Point Average (GPA) were collected for all students. Repeated measures MANCOVA analyses were carried out showing group differences in self-esteem, academic self-concept, importance attributed to academic competencies, task and avoidance orientation and academic achievement. To attain a deeper understanding of these results and to identify profiles across variables, a cluster analysis based on achievement goals was conducted and four clusters were identified. Students who were retained at the end of the school year are mainly represented in clusters with less adaptive motivational profiles and almost absent from clusters exhibiting more adaptive ones. Findings highlight that retention leaves a significant mark that remains even when students recover academic achievement and retention is in the distant past. This is reflected in the low academic self-concept as well as in the devaluation of academic competencies and in the avoidance orientation which, taken together, can undermine students' academic adjustment and turn retention into a risk factor.

The Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire: a study with Portuguese elementary school children

Abstract Background: Several studies have focused on the assessment of students' motivation because this construct is very important to understand students' learning and how to enhance it. The Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-A), based on the self-determination theory is a self-report instrument developed to access the reasons why students do their school work. However, there is no Portuguese version of this questionnaire for late elementary students. The primary goal of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of SRQ-A in the domain of Mathematics with elementary school children. Methods: Participants were 341 elementary school children ranging from 8 to 11 years old from the third and fourth grades. The Portuguese version of the SRQ-A included 24 items assessing four regulatory styles (external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic) in three behavioral categories (homework, classwork, and answering questions in mathematics lessons). To examine the psychometric properties of the instrument, we conducted an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), measured gender and grade invariance, and calculated internal consistency indexes and temporal stability. Results: ESEM analyses supported the original multidimensional structure of the measure with four regulatory styles using a reduced version of the instrument with 16 items. Correlations between the four regulatory styles revealed a simplex pattern consistent with the continuum of self-determination theory. Results showed adequate internal consistency for all regulatory styles (α ≥ .73; CR ≥ .76) and temporal stability (4-month test-retest ≥ .43). The questionnaire showed measurement and structural invariance across gender and grade. Finally, some gender differences were observed; on average, boys scored higher than girls in external regulation. No differences were observed between grades. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Portuguese version of the SRQ-A has good psychometric properties providing adequate support for its use in educational research on motivational styles, including studies concerning gender and grade differences in self-regulation.

Evaluation of bonding between mother and child and mothers' mental health of children with mental illness.

OBJECTIVE: To verify and evaluate the mother-child bond and mental health of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. METHODS: A total of 74 mothers of children aged up to 7 years participated. Data collection was made through interviews. Evaluation tools were Mother-Child Bonding Evaluation Protocol and Self-Report Questionnaire. We used statistical analysis χ² and Student-t tests. A 5%-level of rejection of the null hypothesis was set. RESULTS: There were no significant results between the average maternal ages, between bond and schooling, nor time of marriage and social status. The percentage of low social condition mothers with weak bond were 38.7% and in high condition, 68.8%. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of weak bond is associated with the Self-Report Questionnaire and socio-cultural conditions. That is, mothers with alteration in the Self-Report Questionnaire are more likely to develop mental disorders, weak bond with their children, the same occurring with the mothers in the most privileged social conditions.

Experience of recovery from a first-episode psychosis.

AIM: To understand the subjective factors involved in the recovery process following a first-episode psychosis. METHOD: Sixteen individuals from a First Episode Program in São Paulo, Brazil were evaluated by a semistructured interview designed to elicit an in-depth narrative of participants' subjective experience of recovery after a first-episode psychosis. Eligibility was established by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. The interviews were recorded, the transcripts were coded and themes were grouped together to form conceptual categories. RESULTS: The participants described the recovery course as a slow and gradual process. Improvement was perceived as based on a decrease or absence of psychotic symptoms, changes in social relationships, renewed autonomy and independence, and restoration of self-reliance and trust in others. CONCLUSIONS: Recovering after a first-episode psychosis can be considered a complex process correlated with treatment, social support, and individual experiences and characteristics. These are important areas to be addressed in first psychotic psychosis interventions, and gains can probably only be obtained in specialized first-episode psychosis programmes.

Prevalence of hepatitis B among pregnant women assisted at the public maternity hospitals of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important worldwide public health problem. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health estimates that 15% of the population has had contact with HBV, and that the mean rate of chronic carriers in Northeastern Brazil is around 0.5%. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HBV markers in pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the public maternity hospitals of São Luís. METHODS: Demographical and epidemiological data were collected from 541 pregnant women according to the research protocol. Blood samples were collected, and the anti-HBc test was performed first. If positive, the sample was subsequently tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs. All HBsAg and/or anti-HBc positive samples were additionally tested for HBV-DNA. RESULTS: 40 (7.4%) pregnant women turned out positive for anti-HBc. Of those, five (0.9%) were HBsAg positive, four (0.7%) were anti-HBc positive with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs, and 31 (5.7%) were positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBs. Anti-HBc positivity was associated with family history of hepatitis and education level below 11 years of schooling. HBV-DNA was positive in only one HBsAg-positive sample. There was no HBV-DNA positivity among HBsAg negative samples. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women in this study confirmed that São Luís is a low endemicity area. Occult hepatitis B was not detected in these samples.

O cuidado interdisciplinar ao paciente com úlcera por pressão / Interdisciplinary care to patients with pressure ulcers / El cuidado interdisciplinar al paciente con úlcera por presión

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção dos residentes médicos e multiprofissionais sobre seus papéis ao paciente com úlcera por pressão. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um hospital universitário, com 26 sujeitos, entre residentes médicos e multiprofissionais, de outubro a dezembro de 2011. Foi aplicado um formulário semiestruturado para a produção dos dados, e para a análise foi empregada a Técnica de Análise de conteúdo na modalidade Temática. Resultados: após análise dos dados, emergiram as seguintes categorias << Percebendo-se no processo do cuidar >>; << Gerando experiência >>; e << Valorizando a interdisciplinaridade >>. Conclusão: o residente ainda permanece conectado às práticas fragmentadas, embora seja estimulado a uma nova postura e ao desempenho da interdisciplinaridade na prática do cuidado.(AU)

Objective: to know the perception of medical and multidisciplinary residents about their roles to patients with pressure ulcers. Method: a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, conducted in a university hospital, with 26 subjects, including medical and multidisciplinary residents, from October to December 2011. It was applied a semi-structured form for the production of data. For the analysis, the content analysis technique in the Thematic mode was employed. Results: after data analysis, the following categories emerged << Noticing in the process of caring >>, << >> Generating experience and <>. Conclusion: the resident remains connected to fragmented practices, although he is stimulated to a new attitude and performance of interdisciplinary in care practices.(AU)

Objetivo: conocer la percepción de los residentes médicos y multiprofesionales sobre sus papeles al paciente con úlcera por presión. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, de enfoque cualitativo, realizado en un hospital universitario, con 26 sujetos, entre residentes médicos y multiprofesionales, de octubre a diciembre de 2011. Fue aplicado un formulario semi-estructurado para la producción de los datos y, para el análisis fue empleada la Técnica de Análisis de contenido en la modalidad Temática. Resultados: después del análisis de los datos, surgieron las siguientes categorías << Notándose en el proceso del cuidar >>, << Generando experiencia >> y << Valorando la interdisciplinaridad >>. Conclusión: el residente todavía permanece conectado a las prácticas fragmentadas, por más que sea estimulado a una nueva postura y al desempeño de la interdisciplinaridad en la práctica del cuidado.(AU)

Intrinsic Motivation Inventory: psychometric properties in the context of first language and mathematics learning / Inventário de Motivação Intrínseca: propriedades psicométricas em contexto de aprendizagem da língua materna e matemática

Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) is a multidimensional measurement grounded on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) used in assessing the subjective experiences of participants when developing an activity. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of IMI among Portuguese students, testing four organizational models (unidimensional, multidimensional, hierarchical and bi-factor). A total of 3685 students from the 5th to the 12th grades (50.4% boys) participated in the study (M = 13.67, SD = 2.26). Two versions of IMI were used (First Language and Mathematics) with twenty-one items distributed over five subscales: Enjoyment, Perceived Competence, Pressure/Tension, Perceived Choice and Value/Utility. The confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the multidimensionality of intrinsic motivation, and that the bi-factor model presented the best fit indexes. This model showed the existence of one general factor, resulting from the contribution of all individual dimensions and the particularities of most of them. Furthermore, results also highlighted satisfactory reliability scores both through Cronbach's alpha scores and Composite reliability scores. These results indicate that this scale is appropriate to evaluate the underlying constructs of the theoretical model of SDT and allows for the calculation of a global measure of intrinsic motivation, as well as specific measures for their predictors.

O Inventário de Motivação Intrínseca (IMI) é um instrumento utilizado na avaliação subjetiva da experiência vivida pelos sujeitos durante a realização de uma atividade, e está fundamentado, teoricamente, na Teoria da Autodeterminação (SDT). Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as propriedades psicométricas do IMI em estudantes portugueses, testando quatro modelos de organização (unidimensional, multidimensional, hierárquico e bifatorial). Participaram no estudo 3685 alunos (50,4% rapazes) do 5º ao 12º ano de escolaridade (M = 13,67, DP = 2,26). Foram utilizadas duas versões do IMI (língua materna e matemática), constituídas por 21 itens, distribuídos por 5 subescalas: Prazer, Perceção de Competência, Pressão/Tensão, Escolha Percebida e Valor/Utilidade. A análise fatorial confirmatória atestou a multimensionalidade da motivação intrínseca e o modelo bifatorial apresentou os melhores índices de ajustamento. Este modelo evidenciou a existência de um fator geral, resultante do contributo de todas as dimensões e a especificidade da maioria das dimensões. Os resultados permitiram igualmente constatar valores muito aceitáveis para a fidelidade, tanto através do Alfa de Cronbach, como pelo cálculo da Fiabilidade Compósita. Estes resultados indicam que esta escala é apropriada para avaliar os constructos teóricos subjacentes à SDT, permitindo obter uma medida global de motivação intrínseca e, em paralelo, medidas específicas para os seus preditores.

O ser enfermeiro de uma central de quimioterapia frente à morte do paciente oncológico / Being nurse at a chemotherapy center with the death of an oncologic patient

Este estudo teve como objetivo, compreender o fenômeno experienciado pelos enfermeiros que trabalham em uma central de quimioterapia, frente à possibilidade de morte do paciente deste serviço. Optou-se pela metodologia qualitativa fenomenológica e, para fundamentar a análise, o referencial filosófico de Martin Heidegger. Participaram oito enfermeiras, que trabalham na Central de Quimioterapia de um hospital universitário. As entrevistas foram realizadas nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2012. Foram reveladas quatro categorias: Experienciando a morte como ciclo natural da vida; Experienciando a impotência diante da morte do outro; Experienciando a morte com ajuda da fé e Experienciando a empatia frente à possibilidade de morte do paciente. O fenômeno apresenta-se permeado de dor e inconformidade, por perceberem-se impotentes diante da finitude da vida, necessitando de preparo pessoal e apoio profissional para o convívio com a morte.

Avaliação do vínculo mãe-filho e saúde mental de mães de crianças com deficiência intelectual / Evaluation of boding between mother and child and mothers' mental health of children with mental illness

OBJETIVO: Conhecer e avaliar o vínculo mãe-filho e a saúde mental de mães de crianças com deficiência intelectual. MÉTODOS: Participaram 74 mães de crianças de até 7 anos com deficiência intelectual. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Protocolo de Avaliação do Vínculo Mãe-Filho e o Self-Report Questionnaire. Para estatística, foram utilizados os testes de χ² e t de Student. Fixou-se em 5% o nível de rejeição da hipótese de nulidade. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias das idades maternas, entre vínculo e escolaridade e nem entre tempo de união e condição social. A porcentagem de mães com vínculo fraco na condição socioeconômica baixa foi de 38,7% e na condição socioeconômica alta de 68,8%. CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de fraco vínculo está associada ao Self-Report Questionnaire e às condições socioculturais. Ou seja, mães com alteração no Self-Report Questionnaire têm maior probabilidade de desenvolver distúrbios mentais e maior chance de apresentar fraco vínculo com o filho, o mesmo ocorrendo com as mães nas condições sociais mais privilegiadas.

OBJECTIVE: To verify and evaluate the mother-child bond and mental health of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. METHODS: A total of 74 mothers of children aged up to 7 years participated. Data collection was made through interviews. Evaluation tools were Mother-Child Bonding Evaluation Protocol and Self-Report Questionnaire. We used statistical analysis χ² and Student-t tests. A 5%-level of rejection of the null hypothesis was set. RESULTS: There were no significant results between the average maternal ages, between bond and schooling, nor time of marriage and social status. The percentage of low social condition mothers with weak bond were 38.7% and in high condition, 68.8%. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of weak bond is associated with the Self-Report Questionnaire and socio-cultural conditions. That is, mothers with alteration in the Self-Report Questionnaire are more likely to develop mental disorders, weak bond with their children, the same occurring with the mothers in the most privileged social conditions.

Influência dos aspectos clínicos e assistenciais na cronicidade das úlceras venosas / Assistential and clinical aspects influence on chronicity of venous ulcers

Objetivo: verificar a influência dos aspectos clínicos e assistenciais na cronicidade das úlceras venosas.Método: estudo analítico, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 59 pessoas com úlcera venosas, atendidasem 36 unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Maceió/AL/Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados eanalisados pela estatística descritiva e inferencial, após aprovação do projeto de pesquisa pelo Comitê deÉtica (Protocolo nº005858/2007-96). Resultados: os aspectos clínicos que contribuíram para o aumento dotempo de assistência foram: tempo de lesão>6 meses (ρ-valor<0,001), dor (ρ-valor=0,043), recidiva (ρ-valor<0,001); nos aspectos assistenciais: inadequação dos produtos com 83,1% (ρ-valor=0,036). Ao comparar osaspectos positivos clínicos/assistenciais com tempo de lesão, os aspectos clínicos positivos estão maispresentes nas lesões com até 6 meses de tratamento (22,0%), apresentando significância (ρ-valor=0,014).Conclusão: essas características dificultaram a cicatrização tecidual, prolongando o tempo de tratamento daslesões, contribuindo para a cronicidade das úlceras.

Promoção do autoconceito e auto estima através de um programa de leitura a par / Promoting self-concept and self esteem through a peer reading program

Um autoconceito positivo é fundamental para o sucesso académico das crianças. Uma forma de promover o autoconceito é implementando programas tutoriais. Deste modo, esta investigação teve como objectivo implementar e avaliar os efeitos de um Programa de Leitura a Par, no autoconceito de alunos dos 2º e 4º anos de escolaridade e na auto-estima dos alunos mais velhos. Para avaliar as autopercepções utilizaram-se duas escalas devido à discrepância de idade das crianças. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que este Programa teve um efeito positivo em todas as dimensões do autoconceito, quer para os tutores como para os tutorandos, e na auto-estima dos tutores. As crianças do Grupo Experimental apresentaram valores estatisticamente superiores aos dos alunos do Grupo de Controle.

A positive self-concept is essential for children's academic success. One way of promoting self-concept is by the implementation of tutorial programs. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of a Peer Reading Program on self-concept of 2nd and 4th grade students and on self-esteem of older students. In order to assess self-perceptions two scales were used due to the discrepancy in children's age. The results show that the Peer Reading Program had a positive effect on all dimensions of self-concept, for tutors and tutees, and on tutors' self-esteem. Children's outcomes obtained in the experimental group were statistically higher than those of students in the control group.

Promoção do autoconceito e auto estima através de um programa de leitura a par / Promoting self-concept and self esteem through a peer reading program

Um autoconceito positivo é fundamental para o sucesso académico das crianças. Uma forma de promover o autoconceito é implementando programas tutoriais. Deste modo, esta investigação teve como objectivo implementar e avaliar os efeitos de um Programa de Leitura a Par, no autoconceito de alunos dos 2º e 4º anos de escolaridade e na auto-estima dos alunos mais velhos. Para avaliar as autopercepções utilizaram-se duas escalas devido à discrepância de idade das crianças. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que este Programa teve um efeito positivo em todas as dimensões do autoconceito, quer para os tutores como para os tutorandos, e na auto-estima dos tutores. As crianças do Grupo Experimental apresentaram valores estatisticamente superiores aos dos alunos do Grupo de Controle.(AU)

A positive self-concept is essential for children's academic success. One way of promoting self-concept is by the implementation of tutorial programs. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of a Peer Reading Program on self-concept of 2nd and 4th grade students and on self-esteem of older students. In order to assess self-perceptions two scales were used due to the discrepancy in children's age. The results show that the Peer Reading Program had a positive effect on all dimensions of self-concept, for tutors and tutees, and on tutors' self-esteem. Children's outcomes obtained in the experimental group were statistically higher than those of students in the control group.(AU)

Prevalence of hepatitis B among pregnant women assisted at the public maternity hospitals of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important worldwide public health problem. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health estimates that 15% of the population has had contact with HBV, and that the mean rate of chronic carriers in Northeastern Brazil is around 0.5%. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HBV markers in pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the public maternity hospitals of São Luís. Methods: Demographical and epidemiological data were collected from 541 pregnant women according to the research protocol. Blood samples were collected, and the anti-HBc test was performed first. If positive, the sample was subsequently tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs. All HBsAg and/or anti-HBc positive samples were additionally tested for HBV-DNA. RESULTS: 40 (7.4%) pregnant women turned out positive for anti-HBc. Of those, five (0.9%) were HBsAg positive, four (0.7%) were anti-HBc positive with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs, and 31 (5.7%) were positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBs. Anti-HBc positivity was associated with family history of hepatitis and education level below 11 years of schooling. HBV-DNA was positive in only one HBsAg-positive sample. There was no HBV-DNA positivity among HBsAg negative samples. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women in this study confirmed that São Luís is a low endemicity area. Occult hepatitis B was not detected in these samples.

Adolescentes estudantes: conhecimentos das complicações do aborto provocado / Adolescentes estudiantes: conocimientos de las complicaciones de abortamiento / Female teenager students: knowledge abortion complications

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o conhecimento das complicações do aborto provocado e sua relação coma a idade. Estudo transversal, realizado em escolas de Maceió, Alagoas, com estudantes dos 12 aos 19 anos. A amostra foi calculada considerando-se os dados de internação de curetagem pós aborto. Usou-se o programa Epi Info versão 3.6 para análise dos dados. Das 2592 adolescentes estudadas, 65,64 por cento não conheciam nenhuma complicação do aborto provocado e as complicações mais citadas foram morte e esterilidade. Manifestações clínicas do aborto foram incorretamente citadas como complicações. Encontrou-se significação entre o conhecimento das complicações esterilidade e hemorragia e idade. A morte foi significativa para menores de 15 anos e a esterilidade para as maiores. Conclui-se que as adolescentes não conhecem corretamente as complicações do aborto provocado, o que demonstra o risco daquelas que o provocam, verifica-se, portanto, a necessidade de maiores esclarecimentos sobre o tema bem como da educação sexual.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el conocimiento de las complicaciones del aborto inducido y su relación con la edad. Estudio transversal, realizado en escuelas, de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, con adolescentes de los 12 a los 19 años. La muestra fue calculada a partir de los datos de las internaciones para legrado después del aborto. Fue usado para analiza de los datos el Epi Info. De las 2592 adolescentes estudiadas, 65.64 por ciento no sabían de ninguna complicación del aborto inducido y las complicaciones mas citadas fueran muerte y esterilidad. Las manifestaciones clínicas del aborto también fueran citadas como complicaciones. Hube significación entre el conocimiento de la esterilidad y la hemorragia y edad. La muerte fue significativa para las menores de 15 años y la esterilidad para las más grandes. Se concluye que las adolescentes no sabían correctamente las complicaciones del aborto inducido, lo que demuestra el riesgo para aquellas que lo inducen.

This study aimed to identify the knowledge about induced abortion complications and its relation to age. This is a crosssectional study performed in schools of Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil, with students 12 to 19 years old. The sample was calculated considering post-abortion curettage data. The Epi Info computer program was used for data analysis. From 2,592 female adolescents studied, 65.64 percent didn’t know about any complications of induced abortion. The most mentioned complications were death and sterility. Clinical manifestations of abortion were wrongly mentioned by them as complications. Signification was found between the knowledge of the complications sterility, hemorrhage, and age. Death was significant for girls under 15 and sterility for the older ones. The conclusion is that female adolescents don't have a correct knowledge of induced abortion complications, which shows the risk suffered by the ones that induce it. Thus, there is a need to further clarify the issue and for sexual education.

Aborto provocado na adolescência: quem o praticou na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil / Abortion in adolescence: who committed it in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo quantitativo, transversal foi caracterizar adolescentes do sexo feminino, dos 12 aos 19 anosde idade, que provocaram o aborto. Estudou-se uma amostra aleatória representativa de 2592 jovens, em Maceió,Alagoas, em 2005, encontrando-se 149 abortamentos. A maioria das jovens que abortou não trabalhava (81,9%),morava com ambos os pais (85%), era solteira (85,2%), estudava em escola pública (69,8%) no nível médio (70,5%).A maioria delas abortou uma vez (93%), destacando se 8,5% que abortaram duas e 2,6%, quatro vezes, dados quemostram a inadequação da atenção à saúde reprodutiva da adolescente. Para abortar, 63,8% delas recebeu apoio,83,9% não apresentou complicação física, e 89,3% não se internou. Conclui-se que as adolescentes estudadas estãoengravidando, continuando na escola, buscam o aborto como solução para gravidez não planejada e a não internaçãopós-aborto, contribuem para as subestatísticas.