Adherence to hand hygiene in critical sectors: Can we go on like this?

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The rates of healthcare-associated infections are high around the world. Hand hygiene is considered the most effective measure to reduce the transmission of pathogens in the hospital environment. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to hand hygiene in critical units of a tertiary-level hospital in Central-West Brazil. DESIGN: Observational study employing cross-sectional data. Reporting rigour was demonstrated using the STROBE checklist. METHODS: Observation of hand hygiene practices of 129 professionals from the health team, including nursing staff, physicians and physical therapists. Data collection was carried out using the World Health Organization form. RESULTS: A total of 3,025 hand hygiene opportunities were observed, and the overall rate of adherence was only 46.25%. There was a greater frequency of hand hygiene after risk of exposure to bodily fluids and after contact with patients, 60.80% and 53.45%, respectively. Nurses obtained a higher rate of adherence to hand hygiene (59.80%). The neonatal ICU had a higher rate of adherence to hand hygiene when compared to other sectors. CONCLUSIONS: The physical structure for hand hygiene in the institution was poor, and no professionals reached the minimum time required for execution of hand hygiene techniques. There were low rates of adherence to hand hygiene by professionals at all five times and in all categories and sectors observed, which may have been influenced by poor infrastructure present in the institution. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study is of great relevance to patient safety, given the rates of healthcare-associated infections worldwide, with emphasis on underdeveloped countries. It is hoped that the results of this research can guide organisations to validly and systematically evaluate adherence to hand hygiene and achieve higher rates of adherence to hand hygiene and consequently reduce the number of infections in health environments.

Factors associated with self-reported non-completion of the hepatitis B vaccine series in men who have sex with men in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to analyze the factors associated with non-completion of the hepatitis B vaccine series among men who have sex with men and use geosocial dating apps in Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, population survey-based, analytical study, conducted exclusively online in all the regions of Brazil, with a sample of 1855 men who have sex with men. The data was collected between November 2016 and February 2017, using the social networking website Facebook. RESULTS: Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that 4.7% of the participants reported receiving one dose of the vaccine, 12.5% two doses, 19.4% three doses, and 45.8% did not know. Multivariate analysis showed that level of education (OR = 0.31; CI 95% 0.14-0.72; p = 0.007), identification as bisexual (OR = 0.6; CI 95% 0.38-0.95; p = 0.030), HIV serological status (OR:2.3; CI 95% 1.58-3.34; p = < 0.001) and frequency of access to health services (OR = 2.38; CI 95% 1.53-3.72; p = < 0.001) were associated with not completing the vaccine series. Low completion of the hepatitis B vaccine series was detected in the population studied. CONCLUSION: Completion of the hepatitis B vaccine series was low among men who have sex with men and use geosocial dating apps in Brazil. The factors associated with non-completion were related to social, individual and healthcare (programmatic) vulnerabilities.

Treatment of Parkinson's disease by deep brain stimulation: a bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: For more than 30 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been a therapeutic tool for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. DBS can ameliorate several motor and non-motor symptoms and improve the patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the global scientific production of original and review articles on Parkinson's disease treatment using deep brain stimulation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive, bibliometric study with a quantitative approach. METHOD: The research protocol was conducted in March 2023 using the Web of Science database. Six hundred eighty-four articles were included in the analysis. Data were imported into RStudio Desktop Software, linked to R Software. The Bibliometrix R package, its Biblioshiny web interface, and VOSviewer software were used for the analysis. RESULTS: The international production began in 1998. Movement Disorders is the journal with the largest number of published articles and the most cited. Michael Okun and Andres Lozano are the authors who produced the most in this area. The University of Florida is the most active affiliated institution in Brazil. The United States has the largest number of collaborations and is mainly published by local researchers. In contrast, countries such as the United Kingdom and Canada have a high number of multi-country publications. The 15 most cited studies predominantly investigated subthalamic nucleus stimulation. CONCLUSION: DBS for Parkinson's disease is a relatively novel therapeutic approach, with studies that have expanded over the last twenty-five years. Most scientific production was quantitative and restricted to specialized journals. The United States, Europe, and China held the most articles.

Clinical outcomes in newborns of pregnant women with COVID-19: integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze clinical outcomes in newborns of pregnant women with COVID-19. METHODS: integrative review conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, CINHAL; 2,111 studies were obtained, and 8 articles comprised the final sample. RESULTS: clinical outcomes in neonates of pregnant women positive for COVID-19 were classified according to the following categories: a) contamination by COVID-19, reported in 62.5% of the studies; b) hospital discharge due to improvement, mentioned in 37.5% of the articles; c) death, representing rare cases in 25% of the sample. The most prevalent gestational complication was prematurity, mentioned in 75% of the studies. This complication has been observed due to cases of premature rupture of membranes and placental abruption. CONCLUSIONS: despite the knowledge of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic behavior in neonates, it is important to continue the search for new clinical data, as this public has uncertain reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Global research trends related to coronavirus disease 2019 and the aged: a bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: A bibliometric analysis covering only the production of original studies or considering world production until 2022 has yet to be conducted. The creation and advancement of vaccines have also influenced research priorities, demonstrating the need for a new approach to this subject. OBJECTIVES: To analyze worldwide scientific production related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the aged and to describe what has already been produced. DESIGN AND SETTING: Bibliometric analysis with a quantitative approach. METHOD: The search terms "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "Aged," and "Elderly" were used to retrieve articles from the Web of Science database. A total of 684 articles were included in the analysis. Data were imported into RStudio Desktop Software and linked to R Software. The Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer software were used for analysis. RESULTS: Most articles were published in 2020. These were produced by 4,937 authors and published in 379 journals. The keyword most used by the authors was "COVID-19." Publications from 77 countries were obtained. China had the highest article production ranking, and Spain collaborated the most. The articles addressed the implications of the pandemic on the aged, the relationship between vaccination in the aged, and the implications for the disease itself. CONCLUSION: Further research should be conducted, mainly concerning vaccines and vaccination of the aged, owing to the need for and importance of immunization in this risk group, including assessing the long-term effects of vaccines.

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Scientific Production on COVID-19 and Vaccines.

This bibliometric analysis aims to analyze the global scientific production of COVID-19 and vaccines. First, a search for scientific articles was performed using the advanced query in the Web of Science™ database, more precisely in its core collection, on 18 February 2023. Data from 7754 articles were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R package and the Biblioshiny application. The evaluated articles were published mainly in 2022 (60%). The scientific journals that published the most about COVID-19 and vaccines were "Vaccines", "Vaccine" and "Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics". The University of Oxford was the most productive institution, with the authors of the articles mainly originating from the United States, China and the United Kingdom. The United States, despite having carried out the most significant number of collaborations, published mainly with local researchers. The 15 most cited articles and the KeyWords Plus™ evidenced the focus of the published articles on the safety and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19, as well as on the evaluation of vaccine acceptance, more specifically on vaccine hesitancy. Research funding came primarily from US government agencies.

Multidimensional context of technical nursing education: triangulation of meanings attributed by teachers.

OBJECTIVE: To unveil and discuss the meanings attributed by teachers to the teacher-student relationship in the multidimensional context of technical nursing education. METHOD: Qualitative research, supported by the representational theory of meaning, carried out with nine nurses who teach the technical nursing course at a technical school linked to a federal university in the northeastern region of Brazil. RESULTS: The following meanings were revealed: student profile; lack of preparation and financial resources; reduction in performance and even course interruption; students' disinterest and resistance; academic support and qualified structure; opportunity for grants; teachers' dedication and holistic view; respect, ethics, and interactivity; concern with student learning and performance, and heterogeneous group. CONCLUSION: Social and financial difficulties and students' disinterest are the limitations that most hinder teaching effectiveness. On the other hand, the teachers' holistic view, dedication, support, and the availability of resources and academic support are the main multidimensional characteristics of living in this scenario.

High rates of unprotected receptive anal sex and vulnerabilities to HIV infection among Brazilian men who have sex with men.

This study aimed to evaluate unprotected receptive anal sex intercourse (URAI) rates and vulnerabilities to HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) that use geosocial networking dating apps in Brazil. An online, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,250 MSM. The analyzed variables were grouped according to domains of vulnerability and analyzed by bi and multivariate statistics to calculate the Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR). The prevalence of self-reported HIV was 7.1%; and of URAI, 23.4%. The studied variables that increased the chances of engaging in URAI were: identifying as homosexual (aOR = 8.30; 95%CI = 5.68:12.04), pansexual (aOR = 5.01; 95%CI = 2.04:12.38), or bisexual (aOR = 3.14; 95%CI = 2.03:4.80), using apps for obtaining sex (aOR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.0:1.5), engaging in group sex (aOR = 1.6; 95%CI = 1.3:2.0), and reporting chemsex (aOR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.1:2.0). Self-reported positive HIV status was associated with: less than a minimum wage income (aOR = 1.78; 95%CI = 1.22:2.58), lower education (aOR = 1.86; 95%CI = 1.31 CI; 2,64), not knowing the partner's HIV status (aOR = 1.84; 95%CI = 1.06:3.19), practicing group sex (aOR = 1.67; 95%CI = 1.04; 2.68), and chemsex (aOR = 2.03; 95%CI =1.06:3.19). The applications interaction is shaped by their own users to better meet their desires and needs. However, this behavior exposes individuals to HIV vulnerabilities.

Colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare students: an integrative review.

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a worldwide concern given its presence even in non-hospitalized healthy individuals, such as university students. OBJECTIVE: To identify in the literature the prevalence of colonization by MRSA among healthcare students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Integrative review of the literature conducted in Universidade Federal do Piauí. METHOD: A search for primary studies was performed in the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Web of Science; Scopus; and LILACS. RESULTS: This review included 27 studies that demonstrated MRSA infection prevalence ranging from 0.0 to 15.3% among students. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of colonization of MRSA among healthcare students is high, and the nasal cavity was cited as an important reservoir location for these microorganisms.

Symptomatic manifestations of the disease caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) in adults: systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify symptoms of COVID-19 in adults in the scientific literature. METHOD: Systematic review of studies published from December 1, 2019 to April 21, 2020 from the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases, in order to answer the following research question: "What are the symptoms caused by COVID-19 in adults?" using the keywords "Symptoms", "Clinical Manifestations", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19". RESULTS: Of the total 105 references, 13 references that addressed the symptoms of COVID-19 were selected. Fever and normal or dry cough were symptoms present in all studies. CONCLUSION: The symptoms identified in adult patients were fever, normal or dry cough, headache, pharyngalgia, dyspnea, diarrhea, myalgia, vomiting, sputum or expectoration, anxiety or chest pain, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, rhinorrhea, runny nose or nasal congestion, dizziness, chills, systemic pain, mental confusion, hemoptysis, asthma, taste disorder, smell disorder, belching and tachycardia.

Analysis of scientific production on the new coronavirus (COVID-19): a bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: The pandemic of the new coronavirus has culminated in a scientific race to seek knowledge about this virus and its treatments, vaccines and preventive strategies, in order to reduce its impact on healthcare and economics worldwide. Hence, it is important to recognize the efforts of researchers who are at the forefront of investigations relating to the new coronavirus. OBJECTIVE: The present study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the world scientific production relating to COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Exploratory and descriptive bibliometric study conducted in the city of Teresina (PI), Brazil. METHOD: ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of Science (WOS) was chosen as the database. Data-gathering was carried out in May 2020. The data analysis was performed using the HistCiteTM software, version 9.8.24, and the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis software, version 1.6.8. RESULTS: 2,625 published papers that included descriptors within the scope of this investigation were identified. These articles were published in 859 different journals that are indexed in WOS, by 9,791 authors who were linked to 3,365 research institutions, located in 105 countries. CONCLUSION: Ascertaining scientific production through a bibliometric analysis is important in order to guide researchers on what has already been produced and what is being researched, so as to be able to address gaps in knowledge through future research.

Analysis of antimicrobial prescriptions in Primary Healthcare. / Análise de prescrições de antimicrobianos na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prescription receipts for antimicrobial prescriptions prescribed in primary healthcare units in a capital city in the Northeast region of Brazil. METHOD: An evaluative, analytical study. Information from the central distribution of essential medicines and the receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions were used. RESULTS: There were 2,232 prescription receipts analyzed, in which metronidazole (250 mg) was prescribed in 28% of the evaluated prescription receipts, the "pill" pharmaceutical form in 30.7%, and the "oral" administration form in 78.2%. In the prescriptions prescribed by nurses, 80.7% were intended for users with sexually transmitted infections. With the exception of the pharmaceutical form, only 34.7% of the prescriptions were in accordance with the Nursing protocol recommendations. There is still no information on the concentration (43.7%), the dosage (39.9%) and the treatment time (36.8%). CONCLUSION: The evaluated receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions do not accurately follow the guidelines of Resolution No. 20/2011, nor of the instituted Nursing protocol.

[Damage liability of nursing professionals in the invasive procedures]. / Responsabilidade civil dos profissionais de enfermagem nos procedimentos invasivos.

This study had as objective to apprehend the Social Representation of damage liability of nursing in the invasive procedures elaborated by the professionals of the area. It treats of a qualitaitve research, developed in a public hospital with 64 fellows. The data were produced from the free association words test, processed by software Tri-Deux Mots, being done Correspondence Factorial Analysis. The fellow's representational field indicated favorable attitudes in relation to the invasive procedures stimulus. The conceptions about hospital infection stimulus demonstrated a broad vision of hospital infection problem and its serious consequences. However it was not observed preoccupation and manifestation in the fellow's social representations about the civil responsibilities of Nursing professional.

Social representations of HIV/AIDS by older people and the interface with prevention.

OBJECTIVE: To apprehend the social representations elaborated by older people about HIV/AIDS and to understand how they relate to the prevention of HIV infection. METHOD: Descriptive and qualitative research based on the Theory of Social Representations with 42 older people assisted at primary care. Data were produced through in-depth interviews with a semi-structured instrument, processed in the IRaMuTeQ software, and analyzed by means of the descending hierarchical classification. RESULTS: Five classes emerged: "HIV/AIDS: a problem of young people"; "Quality of life improvement for people living with HIV/AIDS"; "Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among heterosexual women in a stable union"; "HIV/AIDS Information Network: process of creation and transformation of social representations" and "Prevention versus stigma". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The social representations that older people have about HIV/AIDS influence the adoption of preventive measures negatively because stigma is present and HIV/AIDS is attributed to young men, and to men who have sex with other men.

Treatment of Parkinson's disease by deep brain stimulation: a bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: For more than 30 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been a therapeutic tool for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. DBS can ameliorate several motor and non-motor symptoms and improve the patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the global scientific production of original and review articles on Parkinson's disease treatment using deep brain stimulation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive, bibliometric study with a quantitative approach. METHOD: The research protocol was conducted in March 2023 using the Web of Science database. Six hundred eighty-four articles were included in the analysis. Data were imported into RStudio Desktop Software, linked to R Software. The Bibliometrix R package, its Biblioshiny web interface, and VOSviewer software were used for the analysis. RESULTS: The international production began in 1998. Movement Disorders is the journal with the largest number of published articles and the most cited. Michael Okun and Andres Lozano are the authors who produced the most in this area. The University of Florida is the most active affiliated institution in Brazil. The United States has the largest number of collaborations and is mainly published by local researchers. In contrast, countries such as the United Kingdom and Canada have a high number of multi-country publications. The 15 most cited studies predominantly investigated subthalamic nucleus stimulation. CONCLUSION: DBS for Parkinson's disease is a relatively novel therapeutic approach, with studies that have expanded over the last twenty-five years. Most scientific production was quantitative and restricted to specialized journals. The United States, Europe, and China held the most articles.

Global research trends related to coronavirus disease 2019 and the aged: a bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A bibliometric analysis covering only the production of original studies or considering world production until 2022 has yet to be conducted. The creation and advancement of vaccines have also influenced research priorities, demonstrating the need for a new approach to this subject. OBJECTIVES: To analyze worldwide scientific production related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the aged and to describe what has already been produced. DESIGN AND SETTING: Bibliometric analysis with a quantitative approach. METHOD: The search terms "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "Aged," and "Elderly" were used to retrieve articles from the Web of Science database. A total of 684 articles were included in the analysis. Data were imported into RStudio Desktop Software and linked to R Software. The Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer software were used for analysis. RESULTS: Most articles were published in 2020. These were produced by 4,937 authors and published in 379 journals. The keyword most used by the authors was "COVID-19." Publications from 77 countries were obtained. China had the highest article production ranking, and Spain collaborated the most. The articles addressed the implications of the pandemic on the aged, the relationship between vaccination in the aged, and the implications for the disease itself. CONCLUSION: Further research should be conducted, mainly concerning vaccines and vaccination of the aged, owing to the need for and importance of immunization in this risk group, including assessing the long-term effects of vaccines.

[The rights of health users in cases of hospital infection]. / Os direitos dos usuários da saúde em casos de infecção hospitalar.

The study aimed ar apprehending the social representations of the health users in case of hospital infection. Exploratory research with 28 health and law professionals and of a public hospital of Teresina-PI. The data were produced through the interviews and processed by the software Alceste 4.8. The hierarchical descendent analysis showed 4 classes of words that sized up a conflict between the proposals of the program of infection control and the practicing of health professionals, seeing that negligencing the psychological aspects and direct the focus of the attention to economical, biological and epidemiological aspects, with much attention to the rights that the health users have to be waited on the hospitals without running risk of acquiring a hospital infection.

[Social representations of hospital infections elaborated by health professionals]. / Representações sociais das infecções hospitalares elaboradas pelos profissionais de saúde.

This study has the aim to analyze the Social Representation of the Hospital Infections elaborated by health professionals and health students of a public hospital of Teresina-PI. The study has a quantitative and descriptive approach. The data was produced based on the free association of words test and processed by the Tri-Deux Mots software gave origin to 563 words as response to the following stimulus: Hospital infection, invasive procedures, sterilization of materials and standard. The positions of the subjects regarding hospital infection was demonstrated with words such as: paramentation, probing and hands. The results reinforce the emphasis given by the health professionals to the paramentation for his own and the patient protection during invasive procedures, pointing out the importance to the hands hygiene.

[Maternal experiences in the reality of having an autistic son: an understanding for nursing]. / Vivências maternas na realidade de ter um filho autista: uma compreensão pela enfermagem.

This study has as objective to describe the experience of being mother of an autistic child. A qualitative approach was accomplished according to the phenomenological concepts of Martin Heidegger. Fourteen mothers of autistic children had been interviewed, with semi-structured questions, tape-recorded and transcribed integrally. The local of data collection was the AMA-PI with data produced in May, 2006. The analysis revealed that mothers who live the facticity of having an autistic child is permeated by negative feelings, faith and solitudeness. Mothers also leave their daily life to live their children's daily live. When assuming their existential condition - to be -in the world and to be mother of a autistic child, they begin to understand how to be capable to fight for their children's well-being, without complaints, demonstrating self-denial, patience and concern.

Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and implications of establishing partnerships among Hornet® users.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of men, who have sex with men who use geolocation-based dating software, about HIV/AIDS, and the implications of establishing partnerships. METHOD: Descriptive study with 30 Hornet® users. The statements generated had statistical treatment in the IRaMuTeQ software, analyzed through the Descending Hierarchical Classification. RESULTS: The sexual frequency in the last 30 days was 2.9 partners, of which 2.1 were found by the application, of which 63.3% reported having sex without condoms. There were four classes: Knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention measures; PrEP/truvada as a measure of HIV/AIDS prevention; Risky behaviors in relation to HIV infection; Establishment of sexual partnerships through applications. CONCLUSION: Hornet users have insufficient knowledge about HIV prevention measures, especially when discarding the male condom. The relationships established through the application are permeated by high individual vulnerability and behaviors that have potential exposure to the risk of HIV infection.