RESUMEN
Columnar assemblies of liquid-crystalline (LC) macrocycles hold promise for the construction of nanochannels in fluid materials. Metal-assisted self-assembly is an efficient way to prepare LC macrocycles. A large π-conjugated ligand, 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) bearing two ß-diketones, was prepared as a building unit for the macrocycle, and a series of side chains were incorporated into the DPA to yield LC materials. The bis(ß-diketone) ligands on DPA allow for the efficient formation of triangular 3:3 metallomacrocycles in the presence of square-planar Cu2+ ions. The copper-containing 3:3 metallomacrocycle with the appropriate side chains exhibited thermotropic columnar LC phases in which the columns were arranged in rectangular arrays over a wide temperature range, and well-ordered birefringent textures were observed under a polarized microscope.
RESUMEN
In this study, the level of ego strength between alcoholics and normal controls were compared by means of response obtained from TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) Card 1. Further, the ego strength level of alcoholics were classified into four Groups (A, B, C, and D). The characteristics of these groups were compared in terms of factors such as the ego strength level, the frequency in use of denial, the motivation for a treatment and the participation rate to a self-help group and the treatment effects.