An uncultured marine cyanophage encodes an active phycobilisome proteolysis adaptor protein NblA.

Phycobilisomes (PBS) are large water-soluble membrane-associated complexes in cyanobacteria and some chloroplasts that serve as light-harvesting antennae for the photosynthetic apparatus. When deplete of nitrogen or sulphur, cyanobacteria readily degrade their phycobilisomes allowing the cell to replenish these vanishing nutrients. The key regulator in the degradation process is NblA, a small protein (∼6 kDa), which recruits proteases to the PBS. It was discovered previously that not only do cyanobacteria possess nblA genes but also that they are encoded by genomes of some freshwater cyanophages. A recent study, using assemblies from oceanic metagenomes, revealed genomes of a novel uncultured marine cyanophage lineage, representatives of which contain genes coding for the PBS degradation protein. Here, we examined the functionality of nblA-like genes from these marine cyanophages by testing them in a freshwater model cyanobacterial nblA knockout. One of the viral NblA variants could complement the non-bleaching phenotype and restore PBS degradation. Our findings reveal a functional NblA from a novel marine cyanophage lineage. Furthermore, we shed new light on the distribution of nblA genes in cyanobacteria and cyanophages.