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1.
Am J Obstet Gynecol ; 2024 Jun 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38908650

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between actual and planned modes of delivery, neonatal mortality, and short-term outcomes among preterm pregnancies ≤32 weeks of gestation. DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search was conducted in 3 main databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to November 16, 2022. The protocol was registered in advance in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022377870). STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Eligible studies examined pregnancies ≤32nd gestational week. All infants received active care, and the outcomes were reported separately by different modes of delivery. Singleton and twin pregnancies at vertex and breech presentations were included. Studies that included pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia and abruptio placentae were excluded. Primary outcomes were neonatal mortality and intraventricular hemorrhage. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: Articles were selected by title, abstract, and full text, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Random effects model-based odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated for dichotomous outcomes. Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions-I was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS: A total of 19 observational studies were included involving a total of 16,042 preterm infants in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Actual cesarean delivery improves survival (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.9) and decreases the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (odds ratio, 0.70; confidence interval, 0.57-0.85) compared to vaginal delivery. Planned cesarean delivery does not improve the survival of very and extremely preterm infants compared to vaginal delivery (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-1.44). Subset analysis found significantly lower odds of death for singleton breech preterm deliveries born by both planned (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.98) and actual (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.88) cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION: Cesarean delivery should be the mode of delivery for preterm ≤32 weeks of gestation breech births due to the higher mortality in preterm infants born via vaginal delivery.

2.
Eur Heart J Suppl ; 26(Suppl 3): iii41-iii43, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39055578

RESUMEN

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are still the leading cause of mortality in Hungary. Therefore, screening programmes identifying subjects with hypertension have an important role in CVD prevention. In 2017, the International Society of Hypertension initiated May Measurement Month (MMM) aimed at raising awareness of elevated BP. Hungary joined the MMM campaigns in 2017, 2019, and 2021, and a summary of the results from 2021 is presented here. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 was carried out in September 2021. Measurement of BP, the definition of hypertension, and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. In Hungary, 30 sites were set up in primary and secondary care facilities, in pharmacies, and in malls. Both cities and villages were involved in all regions. A total of 1414 individuals were screened, and 558 subjects (39.5%) had hypertension. Out of 1065 participants not on antihypertensive medication, 209 (19.6%) had elevated BP. Among treated individuals (n = 349), 206 (59.0%) had controlled BP (<140/90 mmHg). Almost 40% of the participants had hypertension. Among untreated participants, one in five had elevated BP, while among patients on antihypertensive medication, 41% had uncontrolled BP. These results confirm the importance of screening of hypertension in untreated individuals and that efforts are required to adequately control BP in treated hypertensive patients.

3.
Int J Cancer ; 152(7): 1399-1413, 2023 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36346110

RESUMEN

The mitochondrion is a gatekeeper of apoptotic processes, and mediates drug resistance to several chemotherapy agents used to treat cancer. Neuroblastoma is a common solid cancer in young children with poor clinical outcomes following conventional chemotherapy. We sought druggable mitochondrial protein targets in neuroblastoma cells. Among mitochondria-associated gene targets, we found that high expression of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (SLC25A5/ANT2), was a strong predictor of poor neuroblastoma patient prognosis and contributed to a more malignant phenotype in pre-clinical models. Inhibiting this transporter with PENAO reduced cell viability in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines in a TP53-status-dependant manner. We identified the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), as the most effective drug in clinical use against mutant TP53 neuroblastoma cells. SAHA and PENAO synergistically reduced cell viability, and induced apoptosis, in neuroblastoma cells independent of TP53-status. The SAHA and PENAO drug combination significantly delayed tumour progression in pre-clinical neuroblastoma mouse models, suggesting that these clinically advanced inhibitors may be effective in treating the disease.


Asunto(s)
Translocador 2 del Nucleótido Adenina , Antineoplásicos , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Ácidos Hidroxámicos , Neuroblastoma , Animales , Ratones , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Histonas/metabolismo , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/uso terapéutico , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Vorinostat/farmacología , Translocador 2 del Nucleótido Adenina/antagonistas & inhibidores
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(3)2023 Jan 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36768356

RESUMEN

The conserved Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is involved in the regulation of key cellular processes, including DNA damage repair and cell division in eukaryotes. As a co-chaperone of Hsp90, PP5 has been shown to modulate the maturation and activity of numerous oncogenic kinases. Here, we identify a novel substrate of PP5, the Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), which is the master regulator of centriole duplication in animal cells. We show that PP5 specifically interacts with Plk4, and is able to dephosphorylate the kinase in vitro and in vivo, which affects the interaction of Plk4 with its partner proteins. In addition, we provide evidence that PP5 and Plk4 co-localize to the centrosomes in Drosophila embryos and cultured cells. We demonstrate that PP5 is not essential; the null mutant flies are viable without a severe mitotic phenotype; however, its loss significantly reduces the fertility of the animals. Our results suggest that PP5 is a novel regulator of the Plk4 kinase in Drosophila.


Asunto(s)
Centriolos , Centrosoma , Animales , Centriolos/metabolismo , Centrosoma/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatasas/genética , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Drosophila/genética , Drosophila/metabolismo
5.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(15)2022 Jul 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35955592

RESUMEN

In a previous study, we found that administration of ILB®, a new low molecular weight dextran sulphate, significantly improved mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism, as well as decreased oxidative/nitrosative stress, of brain tissue of rats exposed to severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), induced by the closed-head weight-drop model of diffused TBI. Using aliquots of deproteinized brain tissue of the same animals of this former study, we here determined the concentrations of 24 amino acids of control rats, untreated sTBI rats (sacrificed at 2 and 7 days post-injury) and sTBI rats receiving a subcutaneous ILB® administration (at the dose levels of 1, 5 and 15 mg/kg b.w.) 30 min post-impact (sacrificed at 2 and 7 days post-injury). Additionally, in a different set of experiments, new groups of control rats, untreated sTBI rats and ILB®-treated rats (administered 30 min after sTBI at the dose levels of 1 or 5 mg/kg b.w.) were studied for their neurocognitive functions (anxiety, locomotor capacities, short- and long-term memory) at 7 days after the induction of sTBI. Compared to untreated sTBI animals, ILB® significantly decreased whole brain glutamate (normalizing the glutamate/glutamine ratio), glycine, serine and γ-aminobutyric acid. Furthermore, ILB® administration restored arginine metabolism (preventing nitrosative stress), levels of amino acids involved in methylation reactions (methionine, L-cystathionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine), and N-acetylaspartate homeostasis. The macroscopic evidences of the beneficial effects on brain metabolism induced by ILB® were the relevant improvement in neurocognitive functions of the group of animals treated with ILB® 5 mg/kg b.w., compared to the marked cognitive decline measured in untreated sTBI animals. These results demonstrate that ILB® administration 30 min after sTBI prevents glutamate excitotoxicity and normalizes levels of amino acids involved in crucial brain metabolic functions. The ameliorations of amino acid metabolism, mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism in ILB®-treated rats exposed to sTBI produced significant improvement in neurocognitive functions, reinforcing the concept that ILB® is a new effective therapeutic tool for the treatment of sTBI, worth being tested in the clinical setting.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Sulfatos , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Animales , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextran , Ácido Glutámico , Homeostasis , Peso Molecular , Ratas
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(15)2022 Jul 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35897744

RESUMEN

The dynamic balance of transcriptional and translational regulation together with degron-controlled proteolysis shapes the ever-changing cellular proteome. While a large variety of degradation signals has been characterized, our knowledge of cis-acting protein motifs that can in vivo stabilize otherwise short-lived proteins is very limited. We have identified and characterized a conserved 13-mer protein segment derived from the p54/Rpn10 ubiquitin receptor subunit of the Drosophila 26S proteasome, which fulfills all the characteristics of a protein stabilization motif (STABILON). Attachment of STABILON to various intracellular as well as medically relevant secreted model proteins resulted in a significant increase in their cellular or extracellular concentration in mammalian cells. We demonstrate that STABILON acts as a universal and dual function motif that, on the one hand, increases the concentration of the corresponding mRNAs and, on the other hand, prevents the degradation of short-lived fusion proteins. Therefore, STABILON may lead to a breakthrough in biomedical recombinant protein production.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Drosophila , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal , Secuencias de Aminoácidos , Animales , Drosophila/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/genética , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/metabolismo , Proteolisis , Ubiquitina/metabolismo
7.
Eur Heart J Suppl ; 23(Suppl B): B70-B72, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34220376

RESUMEN

Cardiovascular diseases are not only the leading causes of mortality in Hungary but also the mortality rate is twice as high as the European Union average, so screening programmes identifying subjects with elevated blood pressure (BP) are of utmost importance. May Measurement Month (MMM) is an annual global initiative that began in 2017 aimed at raising awareness of high BP. Hungary joined the 3rd campaign of MMM in 2019 and an overview of the results are presented in this paper. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of participants aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2019. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or treatment for hypertension, statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. In Hungary, 55 sites were set up in primary and secondary care facilities, in pharmacies, and in malls across all regions, in both cities and villages. Out of 2766 individuals screened, 1286 participants (46.5%) had hypertension. Out of 1869 participants not on antihypertensive medication, 389 (20.8%) had elevated BP. In the case of treated individuals (n = 897), 420 (46.8%) had uncontrolled hypertension. Almost every 2nd subject of the screened cohort had hypertension (treated and controlled, treated and uncontrolled, or untreated). In the untreated cohort, every 5th subject had elevated BP, whilst among patients on antihypertensive medication, every second had uncontrolled BP. By identifying almost one-third of the whole screened cohort with the possibility of newly diagnosed or uncontrolled hypertension, our results confirm the importance of BP screening campaigns.

8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(14)2020 Jul 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32707690

RESUMEN

Neuroblastoma is a common childhood cancer with almost a third of those affected still dying, thus new therapeutic strategies need to be explored. Current experimental therapies focus mostly on inhibiting oncogenic transcription factor signalling. Although LIN28B, DICER and other RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have reported roles in neuroblastoma development and patient outcome, the role of RBPs in neuroblastoma is relatively unstudied. In order to elucidate novel RBPs involved in MYCN-amplified and other high-risk neuroblastoma subtypes, we performed differential mRNA expression analysis of RBPs in a large primary tumour cohort (n = 498). Additionally, we found via Kaplan-Meier scanning analysis that 685 of the 1483 tested RBPs have prognostic value in neuroblastoma. For the top putative oncogenic candidates, we analysed their expression in neuroblastoma cell lines, as well as summarised their characteristics and existence of chemical inhibitors. Moreover, to help explain their association with neuroblastoma subtypes, we reviewed candidate RBPs' potential as biomarkers, and their mechanistic roles in neuronal and cancer contexts. We found several highly significant RBPs including RPL22L1, RNASEH2A, PTRH2, MRPL11 and AFF2, which remain uncharacterised in neuroblastoma. Although not all RBPs appear suitable for drug design, or carry prognostic significance, we show that several RBPs have strong rationale for inhibition and mechanistic studies, representing an alternative, but nonetheless promising therapeutic strategy in neuroblastoma treatment.


Asunto(s)
Neuroblastoma/genética , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogénicas/genética , Proteínas Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica N-Myc/genética , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica N-Myc/metabolismo , Oncogenes , Pronóstico , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Neoplásico/genética , ARN Neoplásico/metabolismo , Proteínas Ribosómicas/genética , Proteínas Ribosómicas/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo
9.
Ideggyogy Sz ; 73(7-08): 275-285, 2020 Jul 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32750245

RESUMEN

Background and aims - Description of two cases of rare intravascular large B-cell lymphoma and secondary T-cell lymphoma diagnosed postmortem, that manifested clinically as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). We discuss causes of diagnostic difficulties, deceptive radiological and histological investigations, and outline diagnostic procedures based on our and previously reported cases. Case reports - Our first case, a 48-year-old female was admitted to the neurological department due to paraparesis. MRI suggested LETM, but the treatments were ineffective. She died after four weeks because of pneumonia and untreatable polyserositis. Pathological examination revealed intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL). Our second case, a 61-year-old man presented with headache and paraparesis. MRI showed small bitemporal lesions and lesions suggesting LETM. Diagnostic investigations were unsuccessful, including tests for possible lymphoma (CSF flow cytometry and muscle biopsy for suspected IVL). Chest CT showed focal inflammation in a small area of the lung, and adrenal adenoma. Brain biopsy sample from the affected temporal area suggested T-cell mediated lymphocytic (paraneoplastic or viral) meningoencephalitis and excluded diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The symptoms worsened, and the patient died in the sixth week of disease. The pathological examination of the presumed adenoma in the adrenal gland, the pancreatic tail and the lung lesions revealed peripheral T-cell lymphoma, as did the brain and spinal cord lesions. Even at histological examination, the T-cell lymphoma had the misleading appearance of inflammatory condition as did the MRI. Conclusion - Lymphoma can manifest as LETM. In cases of etiologically unclear atypical LETM in patients older than 40 years, a random skin biopsy (with subcutaneous adipose tissue) from the thigh and from the abdomen is strongly recommended as soon as possible. This may detect IVL and provide the possibility of prompt chemotherapy. In case of suspicion of lymphoma, parallel examination of the CSF by flow cytometry is also recommended. If skin biopsy is negative but lymphoma suspicion remains high, biopsy from other sites (bone marrow, lymph nodes or adrenal gland lesion) or from a simultaneously existing cerebral lesion is suggested, to exclude or prove diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, IVL, or a rare T-cell lymphoma.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Linfoma/patología , Mielitis Transversa/patología , Biopsia , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Cefalea/etiología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paraparesia/etiología
10.
Immunity ; 33(5): 699-712, 2010 Nov 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21093321

RESUMEN

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a lipid-activated transcription factor regulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). These immune cells exposed to distinct inflammatory milieu show cell type specification as a result of altered gene expression. We demonstrate here a mechanism how inflammatory molecules modulate PPARγ signaling in distinct subsets of cells. Proinflammatory molecules inhibited whereas interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulated PPARγ activity in macrophages and DCs. Furthermore, IL-4 signaling augmented PPARγ activity through an interaction between PPARγ and signal transducer and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) on promoters of PPARγ target genes, including FABP4. Thus, STAT6 acts as a facilitating factor for PPARγ by promoting DNA binding and consequently increasing the number of regulated genes and the magnitude of responses. This interaction, underpinning cell type-specific responses, represents a unique way of controlling nuclear receptor signaling by inflammatory molecules in immune cells.


Asunto(s)
Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Macrófagos/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT6/metabolismo , Animales , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Ratones , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas
11.
J Pathol ; 245(4): 478-490, 2018 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29774542

RESUMEN

Dysregulation of neuropeptides may play an important role in aging-induced impairments. Among them, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a potent cytoprotective peptide that provides an endogenous control against a variety of tissue-damaging stimuli. We hypothesized that the progressive decline of PACAP throughout life and the well-known general cytoprotective effects of PACAP lead to age-related pathophysiological changes in PACAP deficiency, supported by the increased vulnerability to various stressors of animals partially or totally lacking PACAP. Using young and aging CD1 PACAP knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice, we demonstrated pre-senile amyloidosis in young PACAP KO animals and showed that senile amyloidosis appeared accelerated, more generalized, more severe, and affected more individuals. Histopathology showed age-related systemic amyloidosis with mainly kidney, spleen, liver, skin, thyroid, intestinal, tracheal, and esophageal involvement. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis, reconfirmed with immunohistochemistry, revealed that apolipoprotein-AIV was the main amyloid protein in the deposits together with several accompanying proteins. Although the local amyloidogenic protein expression was disturbed in KO animals, no difference was found in laboratory lipid parameters, suggesting a complex pathway leading to increased age-related degeneration with amyloid deposits in the absence of PACAP. In spite of no marked inflammatory histological changes or blood test parameters, we detected a disturbed cytokine profile that possibly creates a pro-inflammatory milieu favoring amyloid deposition. In summary, here we describe accelerated systemic senile amyloidosis in PACAP gene-deficient mice, which might indicate an early aging phenomenon in this mouse strain. Thus, PACAP KO mice could serve as a model of accelerated aging with human relevance. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.


Asunto(s)
Amiloidosis/metabolismo , Polipéptido Hipofisario Activador de la Adenilato-Ciclasa/deficiencia , Placa Amiloide , Factores de Edad , Amiloidosis/genética , Amiloidosis/prevención & control , Animales , Apolipoproteínas A/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Ratones Noqueados , Fenotipo , Polipéptido Hipofisario Activador de la Adenilato-Ciclasa/genética , Proteómica/métodos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción , Factores de Tiempo
12.
Neurosurg Rev ; 41(3): 861-867, 2018 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29189958

RESUMEN

The objective of this paper is analyzing the effects of preoperative embolization on intraoperative blood loss in spinal surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis and identifying factors contributing to an increased blood loss in the surgical procedure. A retrospective analysis was performed in patients who were treated in for spinal metastasis from RCC between 2011 and 2016. Factors analyzed were reduction of tumor blush, timing of embolization, selective vs. superselective approach, surgical factors, and tumor volume and localization. Parameters were statistically correlated with intraoperative blood loss (hemoglobin (Hg) decrease, blood loss in milliliters, number of transfused blood bags). Twenty-five patients with 34 surgical interventions were included. Seventeen cases were treated superselectively and 11 treated selectively. Mean perioperative blood loss was 2248 ± 1833 ml. Higher blood loss was detected for vertebra replacement compared to percutaneous procedures (Hg decrease 4.22 vs. 2.62, p < 0.05). Blood loss increased with increasing tumor volumes (0-50 ccm/50-100 ccm/> 100 ccm) for Hg loss (3.29/3.64/4.24 mg/dl, NS), blood loss in milliliters (1291/2620/4971 ml, p < 0.001), and number of transfusions (1.2/3.4/7.0, p < 0.001). Stratifying by the grade of embolization, no significant differences were found between the groups (> 90%/90-75%/75-50%) for Hg loss, blood loss, or number of transfusions. Endovascular embolization for RCC metastasis of the spine is a safe procedure; however, in this cohort, patients undergoing embolization did not show a reduced blood loss in comparison to the non-embolized cohort. Additional factors contributing to an increased blood loss were tumor size and mode of surgery.


Asunto(s)
Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Carcinoma de Células Renales/secundario , Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/métodos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/secundario , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Adulto , Transfusión Sanguínea/estadística & datos numéricos , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento
13.
J Vet Med Educ ; 45(4): 556-566, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29897315

RESUMEN

Developing a common market and allowing free movement of goods, services, and people is one of the main objectives of the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Area. In the field of scientific research, Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes aims to improve the welfare of laboratory animals by following the principle of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement). Each breeder, supplier, and user must appoint a designated veterinarian to advise on the well-being and treatment of the animals. In our report we investigate how the undergraduate veterinary curriculum prepares future veterinarians for the role of designated veterinarian, by analyzing data from 77 European veterinary education establishments. Over 80% of them provide training in laboratory animal science and medicine in their curriculum. All countries in the EU and the European Free Trade Area, having national veterinary schools, include such training in the curriculum of at least one of their establishments. Laboratory animal science and medicine courses can be obligatory or elective and are often part of more than one subject in the veterinary curricula. Post-graduate courses or programs are available at more than 50% of those veterinary schools. Most authorities in the European region consider graduate veterinarians ready to seek the role as designated veterinarian immediately after graduation.

14.
PLoS Comput Biol ; 12(4): e1004884, 2016 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27124473

RESUMEN

The advent of functional genomics has enabled the genome-wide characterization of the molecular state of cells and tissues, virtually at every level of biological organization. The difficulty in organizing and mining this unprecedented amount of information has stimulated the development of computational methods designed to infer the underlying structure of regulatory networks from observational data. These important developments had a profound impact in biological sciences since they triggered the development of a novel data-driven investigative approach. In cancer research, this strategy has been particularly successful. It has contributed to the identification of novel biomarkers, to a better characterization of disease heterogeneity and to a more in depth understanding of cancer pathophysiology. However, so far these approaches have not explicitly addressed the challenge of identifying networks representing the interaction of different cell types in a complex tissue. Since these interactions represent an essential part of the biology of both diseased and healthy tissues, it is of paramount importance that this challenge is addressed. Here we report the definition of a network reverse engineering strategy designed to infer directional signals linking adjacent cell types within a complex tissue. The application of this inference strategy to prostate cancer genome-wide expression profiling data validated the approach and revealed that normal epithelial cells exert an anti-tumour activity on prostate carcinoma cells. Moreover, by using a Bayesian hierarchical model integrating genetics and gene expression data and combining this with survival analysis, we show that the expression of putative cell communication genes related to focal adhesion and secretion is affected by epistatic gene copy number variation and it is predictive of patient survival. Ultimately, this study represents a generalizable approach to the challenge of deciphering cell communication networks in a wide spectrum of biological systems.


Asunto(s)
Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Próstata/citología , Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Teorema de Bayes , Comunicación Celular , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Biología Computacional , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética
15.
J Cell Mol Med ; 19(2): 396-407, 2015 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25283340

RESUMEN

In this paper, we investigated the isoform-specific roles of certain protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth. Here, we provide the first intriguing functional evidence that nPKCδ (originally described as an inhibitor of proliferation in various cells types) is a key player in promoting both in vitro and in vivo skeletal muscle growth. Recombinant overexpression of a constitutively active nPKCδ in C2C12 myoblast increased proliferation and inhibited differentiation. Conversely, overexpression of kinase-negative mutant of nPKCδ (DN-nPKCδ) markedly inhibited cell growth. Moreover, overexpression of nPKCδ also stimulated in vivo tumour growth and induced malignant transformation in immunodeficient (SCID) mice whereas that of DN-nPKCδ suppressed tumour formation. The role of nPKCδ in the formation of rhabdomyosarcoma was also investigated where recombinant overexpression of nPKCδ in human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells also increased cell proliferation and enhanced tumour formation in mouse xenografts. The other isoforms investigated (PKCα, ß, ε) exerted only minor (mostly growth-inhibitory) effects in skeletal muscle cells. Collectively, our data introduce nPKCδ as a novel growth-promoting molecule in skeletal muscles and invite further trials to exploit its therapeutic potential in the treatment of skeletal muscle malignancies.


Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa C-delta/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Ratones
16.
Hum Mol Genet ; 22(2): 203-17, 2013 Jan 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23035048

RESUMEN

Wolfram syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurodegeneration and diabetes mellitus. The gene responsible for the syndrome (WFS1) encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane protein that also localizes to secretory granules in pancreatic beta cells. Although its precise functions are unknown, WFS1 protein deficiency affects the unfolded protein response, intracellular ion homeostasis, cell cycle progression and granular acidification. In this study, immunofluorescent and electron-microscopy analyses confirmed that WFS1 also localizes to secretory granules in human neuroblastoma cells. We demonstrated a novel interaction between WFS1 and the V1A subunit of the H(+) V-ATPase (proton pump) by co-immunoprecipitation in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and with endogenous proteins in human neuroblastoma cells. We mapped the interaction to the WFS1-N terminal, but not the C-terminal domain. V1A subunit expression was reduced in WFS1 stably and transiently depleted human neuroblastoma cells and depleted NT2 (human neuron-committed teratocarcinoma) cells. This reduced expression was not restored by adenoviral overexpression of BiP (immunoglobulin-binding protein) to correct the ER stress. Protein stability assays demonstrated that the V1A subunit was degraded more rapidly in WFS1 depleted neuroblastoma cells compared with wild-type; however, proteosomal inhibition did not restore the expression of the V1A subunit. Cell cycle assays measuring p21(cip) showed reduced levels in WFS1 depleted cells, and an inverse association between p21(cip) expression and apoptosis. We conclude that WFS1 has a specific interaction with the V1A subunit of H(+) ATPase; this interaction may be important both for pump assembly in the ER and for granular acidification.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Subunidades de Proteína/metabolismo , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares/metabolismo , Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Portadoras , Ciclo Celular/genética , Línea Celular , Chaperón BiP del Retículo Endoplásmico , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Neuronas/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , Estabilidad Proteica , Transporte de Proteínas , Bombas de Protones/metabolismo , Vesículas Secretoras/metabolismo , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/química , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares/química
17.
Angiogenesis ; 18(1): 83-95, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25348086

RESUMEN

Tumor endothelial specific expression of Robo4 in adults identifies this plasma membrane protein as an anti-cancer target for immunotherapeutic approaches, such as vaccination. In this report, we describe how vaccination against Robo4 inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. To break tolerance to the auto-antigen Robo4, mice were immunised with the extracellular domain of mouse Robo4, fused to the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin within an adjuvant. Vaccinated mice show a strong antibody response to Robo4, with no objectively detectable adverse effects on health. Robo4 vaccinated mice showed impaired fibrovascular invasion and angiogenesis in a rodent sponge implantation assay, as well as a reduced growth of implanted syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma. The anti-tumor effect of Robo4 vaccination was present in CD8 deficient mice but absent in B cell or IgG1 knockout mice, suggesting antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity as the anti-vascular/anti-tumor mechanism. Finally, we show that an adjuvant free soluble Robo4-carrier conjugate can retard tumor growth in carrier primed mice. These results point to appropriate Robo4 conjugates as potential anti-angiogenic vaccines for cancer patients.


Asunto(s)
Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/inmunología , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Neovascularización Patológica/prevención & control , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/inmunología , Receptores Inmunológicos/inmunología , Vacunas Sintéticas/farmacología , Adulto , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Cromatografía de Afinidad , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Vectores Genéticos/genética , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Papaína , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Receptores de Superficie Celular , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Vacunas Sintéticas/inmunología
18.
J Biol Chem ; 288(10): 7137-46, 2013 Mar 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23341462

RESUMEN

Cytokine-mediated regulation of T-cell activity involves a complex interplay between key signal transduction pathways. Determining how these signaling pathways cross-talk is essential to understanding T-cell function and dysfunction. In this work, we provide evidence that cross-talk exists between at least two signaling pathways: the Jak3/Stat5 and cAMP-mediated cascades. The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (Fsk) significantly increased intracellular cAMP levels and reduced proliferation of the human T-cells via inhibition of cell cycle regulatory genes but did not induce apoptosis. To determine this inhibitory mechanism, effects of Fsk on IL-2 signaling was investigated. Fsk treatment of MT-2 and Kit 225 T-cells inhibited IL-2-induced Stat5a/b tyrosine and serine phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding activity. Fsk treatment also uncoupled IL-2 induced association of the IL-2Rß and γc chain, consequently blocking Jak3 activation. Interestingly, phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that Fsk-treated cells resulted in elevated serine phosphorylation of Jak3 but not Stat5, suggesting that Fsk can negatively regulate Jak3 activity possibly mediated through PKA. Indeed, in vitro kinase assays and small molecule inhibition studies indicated that PKA can directly serine phosphorylate and functionally inactivate Jak3. Taken together, these findings suggest that Fsk activation of adenylate cyclase and PKA can negatively regulate IL-2 signaling at multiple levels that include IL-2R complex formation and Jak3/Stat5 activation.


Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colforsina/farmacología , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Subunidad beta del Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , 1-Metil-3-Isobutilxantina/farmacología , Western Blotting , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Interleucina-2/farmacología , Janus Quinasa 3/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Unión Proteica , Subunidades de Proteína/metabolismo , Transporte de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factor de Transcripción STAT5/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/metabolismo
19.
Mol Cancer ; 13: 96, 2014 Apr 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24779681

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RasGEFs) mediate the activation of the Ras signaling pathway that is over activated in many human cancers. The RasGRP3, an activator of H-Ras and R-Ras protein exerts oncogenic effects and the overexpression of the protein is observed in numerous malignant cancer types. Here, we investigated the putative alteration of expression and potential function of RasGRP3 in the formation and progression of human breast cancer. METHODS: The RasGRP3 and phosphoRasGRP3 expressions were examined in human invasive ductal adenocarcinoma derived samples and cell lines (BT-474, JIMT-1, MCF7, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-453, T-47D) both in mRNA (Q-PCR) and protein (Western blot; immunohistochemistry) levels. To explore the biological function of the protein, RasGRP3 knockdown cultures were established. To assess the role of RasGRP3 in the viability of cells, annexin-V/PI staining and MitoProbe™ DilC1 (5) assay were performed. To clarify the function of the protein in cell proliferation and in the development of chemotherapeutic resistance, CyQuant assay was performed. To observe the RasGRP3 function in tumor formation, the Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model was used. To investigate the role of the protein in Ras-related signaling Q-PCR and Western blot experiments were performed. RESULTS: RasGRP3 expression was elevated in human breast tumor tissue samples as well as in multiple human breast cancer cell lines. Down-regulation of RasGRP3 expression in breast cancer cells decreased cell proliferation, induced apoptosis in MCF7 cells, and sensitized T-47D cells to the action of drugs Tamoxifen and trastuzumab (Herceptin). Gene silencing of RasGRP3 reduced tumor formation in mouse xenografts as well. Inhibition of RasGRP3 expression also reduced Akt, ERK1/2 and estrogen receptor alpha phosphorylation downstream from IGF-I insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation confirming the functional role of RasGRP3 in the altered behavior of these cells. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that the Ras activator RasGRP3 may have a role in the pathological behavior of breast cancer cells and may constitute a therapeutic target for human breast cancer.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido/genética , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico/farmacología , Femenino , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido/metabolismo , Humanos , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones SCID , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Invasividad Neoplásica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Tamoxifeno/farmacología , Trastuzumab , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido ras
20.
Orv Hetil ; 155(43): 1722-8, 2014 Oct 26.
Artículo en Húngaro | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25327462

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Nearly 6000 autoptic studies were carried out during the last 50 years at the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Hungary. AIM: The aim of the authors was to present those previously frequent and often fatal conditions that can be prevented or treated today. METHOD: Retrospective analyses of the neuropathological documentations. RESULTS: Measles-related subacute sclerosing panencephalitis caused death in 13 cases, the last occurred in 1991. The mandatory vaccination against the causative virus has eliminated this severe neurological complication. Fourteen lives were lost due to herpes simplex encephalitis, including the last case seen in 1999. Feasibility of early diagnosis and the availability of acyclovir therapy resulted in better outcome without fatality. Tuberculous meningitis still occurred in most recent years, although only sporadically. Recognition of this condition is not straightforward due to its rarity, and considerations for this disease are often omitted from the routine differential diagnosis. The generally low mortality rates in tick borne encephalitis further dropped after the introduction of vaccination. Altogether only 8 such cases were documented. The last fatal cases of neurolues were seen in the 1990s. However, syphilis itself has not disappeared, and the number of cases with newly acquired infection continues to rise. The introduction of intrathecal methotrexate and radiotherapy made possible the prevention or effective treatment of meningeal leukosis. A careful coordination of these treatment modalities, however, is important as nervous system complications may develop in the form of disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy that is also reflected in the records. CONCLUSIONS: The 50-year neuropathology documentation reflects changes in the occurrence of diseases, and it calls attention to those disorders which can be prevented or treated today, but may represent diagnostic challenges.


Asunto(s)
Autopsia , Hospitales Universitarios , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/patología , Humanos , Hungría , Registros Médicos , Estudios Retrospectivos
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