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2.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 42(2): e61-e73, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34809448

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). MGP (matrix Gla protein) is implicated in vascular calcification in animal models, and circulating levels of the uncarboxylated, inactive form of MGP (ucMGP) are associated with cardiovascular disease-related and all-cause mortality in human studies. However, the role of MGP in arterial stiffness is uncertain. Approach and Results: We examined the association of ucMGP levels with vascular calcification, arterial stiffness including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and incident heart failure in community-dwelling adults from the Framingham Heart Study. To further investigate the link between MGP and arterial stiffness, we compared aortic PWV in age- and sex-matched young (4-month-old) and aged (10-month-old) wild-type and Mgp+/- mice. Among 7066 adults, we observed significant associations between higher levels of ucMGP and measures of arterial stiffness, including higher PWV and pulse pressure. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated an association between higher ucMGP levels and future increases in systolic blood pressure and incident HFpEF. Aortic PWV was increased in older, but not young, female Mgp+/- mice compared with wild-type mice, and this augmentation in PWV was associated with increased aortic elastin fiber fragmentation and collagen accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: This translational study demonstrates an association between ucMGP levels and arterial stiffness and future HFpEF in a large observational study, findings that are substantiated by experimental studies showing that mice with Mgp heterozygosity develop arterial stiffness. Taken together, these complementary study designs suggest a potential role of therapeutically targeting MGP in HFpEF.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/sangre , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/sangre , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/sangre , Rigidez Vascular , Animales , Presión Sanguínea , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/genética , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/genética , Femenino , Eliminación de Gen , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/genética , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Volumen Sistólico , Proteína Gla de la Matriz
3.
J Cell Mol Med ; 26(5): 1456-1465, 2022 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35181997

RESUMEN

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is a well-known regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, but it also serves as a regulator of caldesmon, which negatively regulates vascular contractility. This study examined whether aortic contractile function requires ERK activation and if this activation is regulated by ageing. Biomechanical experiments revealed that contractile responses to the alpha1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine are attenuated specifically in aged mice, which is associated with downregulation of ERK phosphorylation. ERK inhibition attenuates phenylephrine-induced contractility, indicating that the contractile tone is at least partially ERK-dependent. To explore the mechanisms of this age-related downregulation of ERK phosphorylation, we transfected microRNAs, miR-34a and miR-137 we have previously shown to increase with ageing and demonstrated that in A7r5 cells, both miRs downregulate the expression of Src and paxillin, known regulators of ERK signalling, as well as ERK phosphorylation. Further studies in aortic tissues transfected with miRs show that miR-34a but not miR-137 has a negative effect on mRNA levels of Src and paxillin. Furthermore, ERK phosphorylation is decreased in aortic tissue treated with the Src inhibitor PP2. Increases in miR-34a and miR-137 with ageing downregulate the expression of Src and paxillin, leading to impaired ERK signalling and aortic contractile dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular , MicroARNs , Envejecimiento/genética , Animales , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Ratones , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Paxillin/genética , Paxillin/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Fenilefrina/farmacología , Fosforilación
4.
J Med Virol ; 92(10): 1875-1883, 2020 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32441789

RESUMEN

Mortality rates of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) continue to rise across the world. Information regarding the predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 remains scarce. Herein, we performed a systematic review of published articles, from 1 January to 24 April 2020, to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19. Two investigators independently searched the articles and collected the data, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for associations between mortality and patient characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities. A total of 14 studies documenting the outcomes of 4659 patients were included. The presence of comorbidities such as hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-3.1; P < .00001), coronary heart disease (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1-6.9; P < .00001), and diabetes (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7-2.3; P < .00001) were associated with significantly higher risk of death amongst patients with COVID-19. Those who died, compared with those who survived, differed on multiple biomarkers on admission including elevated levels of cardiac troponin (+44.2 ng/L, 95% CI, 19.0-69.4; P = .0006); C-reactive protein (+66.3 µg/mL, 95% CI, 46.7-85.9; P < .00001); interleukin-6 (+4.6 ng/mL, 95% CI, 3.6-5.6; P < .00001); D-dimer (+4.6 µg/mL, 95% CI, 2.8-6.4; P < .00001); creatinine (+15.3 µmol/L, 95% CI, 6.2-24.3; P = .001); and alanine transaminase (+5.7 U/L, 95% CI, 2.6-8.8; P = .0003); as well as decreased levels of albumin (-3.7 g/L, 95% CI, -5.3 to -2.1; P < .00001). Individuals with underlying cardiometabolic disease and that present with evidence for acute inflammation and end-organ damage are at higher risk of mortality due to COVID-19 infection and should be managed with greater intensity.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/mortalidad , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales
5.
J Cell Mol Med ; 21(1): 81-95, 2017 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27502584

RESUMEN

Increased aortic stiffness is a biomarker for subsequent adverse cardiovascular events. We have previously reported that vascular smooth muscle Src-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling, which contributes to aortic plasticity, is impaired with ageing. Here, we use a multi-scale approach to determine the molecular mechanisms behind defective Src-dependent signalling in an aged C57BL/6 male mouse model. Increased aortic stiffness, as measured in vivo by pulse wave velocity, was found to have a comparable time course to that in humans. Bioinformatic analyses predicted several miRs to regulate Src-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling. qRT-PCR was used to determine the relative levels of predicted miRs in aortas and, notably, the expression of miR-203 increased almost twofold in aged aorta. Increased miR-203 expression was associated with a decrease in both mRNA and protein expression of Src, caveolin-1 and paxillin in aged aorta. Probing with phospho-specific antibodies confirmed that overexpression of miR-203 significantly attenuated Src and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling, which we have previously found to regulate vascular smooth muscle stiffness. In addition, transfection of miR-203 into aortic tissue from young mice increased phenylephrine-induced aortic stiffness ex vivo, mimicking the aged phenotype. Upstream of miR-203, we found that DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1, 3a, and 3b are also significantly decreased in the aged mouse aorta and that DNMT inhibition significantly increases miR-203 expression. Thus, the age-induced increase in miR-203 may be caused by epigenetic promoter hypomethylation in the aorta. These findings indicate that miR-203 promotes a re-programming of Src/ERK signalling pathways in vascular smooth muscle, impairing the regulation of stiffness in aged aorta.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/genética , Aorta/patología , Citoesqueleto/patología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/patología , Animales , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Caveolina 1/genética , Células Cultivadas , Citoesqueleto/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Músculo Liso Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Paxillin/genética , Fenilefrina/farmacología , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/efectos de los fármacos , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Rigidez Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Rigidez Vascular/genética
6.
Nat Cardiovasc Res ; 2(12): 1159-1172, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38817323

RESUMEN

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a measure of atherosclerosis and a well-established predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) events. Here we describe a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CAC in 22,400 participants from multiple ancestral groups. We confirmed associations with four known loci and identified two additional loci associated with CAC (ARSE and MMP16), with evidence of significant associations in replication analyses for both novel loci. Functional assays of ARSE and MMP16 in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) demonstrate that ARSE is a promoter of VSMC calcification and VSMC phenotype switching from a contractile to a calcifying or osteogenic phenotype. Furthermore, we show that the association of variants near ARSE with reduced CAC is likely explained by reduced ARSE expression with the G allele of enhancer variant rs5982944. Our study highlights ARSE as an important contributor to atherosclerotic vascular calcification, and a potential drug target for vascular calcific disease.

7.
Cardiovasc J Afr ; 33(3): 162-164, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35265957

RESUMEN

Entrapment and uncoiling of a guide wire are life-threatening and technically challenging complications during percutaneous coronary intervention. We present a case using a wire-cutting technique with the guidance of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to retrieve an entrapped and uncoiled guide wire under the stent struts in a calcified circumflex artery.


Asunto(s)
Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Angiografía Coronaria , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Vasos Coronarios/cirugía , Remoción de Dispositivos/métodos , Humanos , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversos , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/métodos , Stents
8.
EClinicalMedicine ; 33: 100765, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33655204

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Risk stratification of COVID-19 patients upon hospital admission is key for their successful treatment and efficient utilization of hospital resources. We sought to evaluate the risk factors on admission (including comorbidities, vital signs, and initial laboratory assessment) associated with ventilation need and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19. METHODS: We established a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 patients from Mass General Brigham hospitals. Demographic, clinical, and admission laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records of patients admitted to the hospital with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 before May 19, 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to construct and validate the Ventilation in COVID Estimator (VICE) and Death in COVID Estimator (DICE) risk scores. FINDINGS: The entire cohort included 1042 patients (median age, 64 years; 56.8% male). The derivation and validation cohorts for the risk scores included 578 and 464 patients, respectively. We found four factors to be independently predictive for mechanical ventilation requirement (diabetes mellitus, SpO2:FiO2 ratio, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase), and 10 factors to be predictors of in-hospital mortality (age, male sex, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic statin use, SpO2:FiO2 ratio, body mass index, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, and procalcitonin). Using these factors, we constructed the VICE and DICE risk scores, which performed with C-statistics of 0.84 and 0.91, respectively. Importantly, the chronic use of a statin was associated with protection against death due to COVID-19. The VICE and DICE score calculators have been placed on an interactive website freely available to healthcare providers and researchers (https://covid-calculator.com/). INTERPRETATION: The risk scores developed in this study may help clinicians more appropriately determine which COVID-19 patients will need to be managed with greater intensity. FUNDING: COVID-19 Fast Grant (fastgrants.org).

9.
medRxiv ; 2020 Sep 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32995802

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Risk stratification of COVID-19 patients upon hospital admission is key for their successful treatment and efficient utilization of hospital resources. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors associated with ventilation need and mortality. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We established a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 patients from Mass General Brigham hospitals. Demographic, clinical, and admission laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records of patients admitted to hospital with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 before May 19th, 2020. Using patients admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH, derivation cohort), multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to construct the Ventilation in COVID Estimator (VICE) and Death in COVID Estimator (DICE) risk scores. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcomes were ventilation status and death. RESULTS: The entire cohort included 1042 patients (median age, 64 years; 56.8% male). The derivation and validation cohorts for the risk scores included 578 and 464 patients, respectively. We found seven factors to be independently predictive for ventilation requirement (diabetes mellitus, dyspnea, alanine aminotransferase, troponin, C-reactive protein, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and lactate dehydrogenase), and 10 factors to be predictors of in-hospital mortality (age, sex, diabetes mellitus, chronic statin use, albumin, C-reactive protein, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, and procalcitonin). Using these factors, we constructed the VICE and DICE risk scores, which performed with C-statistics of at least 0.8 in our cohorts. Importantly, the chronic use of a statin was associated with protection against death due to COVID-19. The VICE and DICE score calculators have been placed on an interactive website freely available to the public (https://covid-calculator.com/). LIMITATIONS: One potential limitation is the modest sample sizes in both our derivation and validation cohorts. CONCLUSION: The risk scores developed in this study may help clinicians more appropriately determine which COVID-19 patients will need to be managed with greater intensity.

10.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 9831, 2020 06 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32561790

RESUMEN

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects over 30% of adults in the United States. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is known to contribute to hepatic fibrosis, but the role of BMP signaling in the development of NAFLD is unclear. In this study, treatment with either of two BMP inhibitors reduced hepatic triglyceride content in diabetic (db/db) mice. BMP inhibitor-induced decrease in hepatic triglyceride levels was associated with decreased mRNA encoding Dgat2, an enzyme integral to triglyceride synthesis. Treatment of hepatoma cells with BMP2 induced DGAT2 expression and activity via intracellular SMAD signaling. In humans we identified a rare missense single nucleotide polymorphism in the BMP type 1 receptor ALK6 (rs34970181;R371Q) associated with a 2.1-fold increase in the prevalence of NAFLD. In vitro analyses revealed R371Q:ALK6 is a previously unknown constitutively active receptor. These data show that BMP signaling is an important determinant of NAFLD in a murine model and is associated with NAFLD in humans.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Línea Celular Tumoral , Diacilglicerol O-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/sangre , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Pirazoles/farmacología , Pirazoles/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Smad/metabolismo
11.
Nat Genet ; 51(11): 1580-1587, 2019 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31659325

RESUMEN

Aortic calcification is an important independent predictor of future cardiovascular events. We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis to determine SNPs associated with the extent of abdominal aortic calcification (n = 9,417) or descending thoracic aortic calcification (n = 8,422). Two genetic loci, HDAC9 and RAP1GAP, were associated with abdominal aortic calcification at a genome-wide level (P < 5.0 × 10-8). No SNPs were associated with thoracic aortic calcification at the genome-wide threshold. Increased expression of HDAC9 in human aortic smooth muscle cells promoted calcification and reduced contractility, while inhibition of HDAC9 in human aortic smooth muscle cells inhibited calcification and enhanced cell contractility. In matrix Gla protein-deficient mice, a model of human vascular calcification, mice lacking HDAC9 had a 40% reduction in aortic calcification and improved survival. This translational genomic study identifies the first genetic risk locus associated with calcification of the abdominal aorta and describes a previously unknown role for HDAC9 in the development of vascular calcification.


Asunto(s)
Aterosclerosis/patología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasas/fisiología , Contracción Muscular , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/fisiología , Calcificación Vascular/patología , Anciano , Animales , Aorta/metabolismo , Aorta/patología , Aterosclerosis/genética , Aterosclerosis/metabolismo , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/genética , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/metabolismo , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Histona Desacetilasas/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Calcificación Vascular/genética , Calcificación Vascular/metabolismo
12.
J Am Heart Assoc ; 7(15)2018 07 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30021807

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The proximal aorta normally functions as a critical shock absorber that protects small downstream vessels from damage by pressure and flow pulsatility generated by the heart during systole. This shock absorber function is impaired with age because of aortic stiffening. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the contribution of common genetic variation to aortic stiffness in humans by interrogating results from the AortaGen Consortium genome-wide association study of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Common genetic variation in the N-WASP (WASL) locus is associated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (rs600420, P=0.0051). Thus, we tested the hypothesis that decoy proteins designed to disrupt the interaction of cytoskeletal proteins such as N-WASP with its binding partners in the vascular smooth muscle cytoskeleton could decrease ex vivo stiffness of aortas from a mouse model of aging. A synthetic decoy peptide construct of N-WASP significantly reduced activated stiffness in ex vivo aortas of aged mice. Two other cytoskeletal constructs targeted to VASP and talin-vinculin interfaces similarly decreased aging-induced ex vivo active stiffness by on-target specific actions. Furthermore, packaging these decoy peptides into microbubbles enables the peptides to be ultrasound-targeted to the wall of the proximal aorta to attenuate ex vivo active stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that decoy peptides targeted to vascular smooth muscle cytoskeletal protein-protein interfaces and microbubble packaged can decrease aortic stiffness ex vivo. Our results provide proof of concept at the ex vivo level that decoy peptides targeted to cytoskeletal protein-protein interfaces may lead to substantive dynamic modulation of aortic stiffness.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Aorta Torácica/fisiopatología , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/genética , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Músculo Liso Vascular/fisiopatología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Rigidez Vascular/fisiología , Animales , Aorta Torácica/metabolismo , Aorta Torácica/patología , Presión Sanguínea , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , ADN/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo/métodos , Humanos , Hipertensión/genética , Hipertensión/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso
13.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 12153, 2017 09 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28939871

RESUMEN

The beneficial role of estrogen in the vascular system may be due, in part, through reduction of peripheral vascular resistance. The use of estrogen therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women remains contentious. This study investigated the influence of aging and the menopause on the acute vasodilatory effects of estrogen using ex vivo human and murine resistance arteries. Vessels were obtained from young (2.9 ± 0.1 months) and aged (24.2 ± 0.1 and 28.9 ± 0.3 months) female mice and pre- (42.3 ± 0.5 years) and post-menopausal (61.9 ± 0.9 years) women. Aging was associated with profound structural alterations of murine uterine arteries, including the occurrence of outward hypertrophic remodeling and increased stiffness. Endothelial and smooth muscle function were diminished in uterine (and tail) arteries from aged mice and post-menopausal women. The acute vasodilatory effects of 17ß-estradiol (non-specific estrogen receptor (ER) agonist), PPT (ERα-specific agonist) and DPN (ERß-specific agonist) on resistance arteries were attenuated by aging and the menopause. However, the impairment of estrogenic relaxation was evident after the occurrence of age-related endothelial dysfunction and diminished distensibility. The data indicate, therefore, that chronological resistance arterial aging is a prominent factor leading to weakened vasodilatory action of estrogenic compounds.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Arterias/efectos de los fármacos , Estradiol/farmacología , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/agonistas , Receptor beta de Estrógeno/agonistas , Estrógenos/farmacología , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Arterias/fisiología , Arterias/fisiopatología , Arterias/ultraestructura , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Persona de Mediana Edad , Posmenopausia , Premenopausia
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