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The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial to reduce mortality rates. Therefore, new noninvasive biomarkers for CRC are required. Recent studies have revealed an imbalance in the oral and gut microbiomes of patients with CRC, as well as impaired gut vascular barrier function. In the present study, the microbiomes of saliva, crevicular fluid, feces, and non-neoplastic and tumor intestinal tissue samples of 93 CRC patients and 30 healthy individuals without digestive disorders (non-CRC) were analyzed by 16S rRNA metabarcoding procedures. The data revealed that Parvimonas, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides fragilis were significantly over-represented in stool samples of CRC patients, whereas Faecalibacterium and Blautia were significantly over-abundant in the non-CRC group. Moreover, the tumor samples were enriched in well-known periodontal anaerobes, including Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. Co-occurrence patterns of these oral microorganisms were observed in the subgingival pocket and in the tumor tissues of CRC patients, where they also correlated with other gut microbes, such as Hungatella. This study provides new evidence that oral pathobionts, normally located in subgingival pockets, can migrate to the colon and probably aggregate with aerobic bacteria, forming synergistic consortia. Furthermore, we suggest that the group composed of Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium could be used to design an excellent noninvasive fecal test for the early diagnosis of CRC. The combination of these four genera would significantly improve the reliability of a discriminatory test with respect to others that use a single species as a unique CRC biomarker.
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Bacteroides , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Heces , Fusobacterium , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/microbiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Fusobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Fusobacterium/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Bacteroides/aislamiento & purificación , Bacteroides/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Heces/microbiología , Faecalibacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Faecalibacterium/genética , Anciano , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Saliva/microbiología , AdultoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cognitive skills training for minimally invasive surgery has traditionally relied upon diverse tools, such as seminars or lectures. Web technologies for e-learning have been adopted to provide ubiquitous training and serve as structured repositories for the vast amount of laparoscopic video sources available. However, these technologies fail to offer such features as formative and summative evaluation, guided learning, or collaborative interaction between users. METHODOLOGY: The "TELMA" environment is presented as a new technology-enhanced learning platform that increases the user's experience using a four-pillared architecture: (1) an authoring tool for the creation of didactic contents; (2) a learning content and knowledge management system that incorporates a modular and scalable system to capture, catalogue, search, and retrieve multimedia content; (3) an evaluation module that provides learning feedback to users; and (4) a professional network for collaborative learning between users. Face validation of the environment and the authoring tool are presented. RESULTS: Face validation of TELMA reveals the positive perception of surgeons regarding the implementation of TELMA and their willingness to use it as a cognitive skills training tool. Preliminary validation data also reflect the importance of providing an easy-to-use, functional authoring tool to create didactic content. CONCLUSION: The TELMA environment is currently installed and used at the Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre and several other Spanish hospitals. Face validation results ascertain the acceptance and usefulness of this new minimally invasive surgery training environment.
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Instrucción por Computador/métodos , Educación Médica Continua/métodos , Tecnología Educacional/tendencias , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/educación , Humanos , Multimedia , Médicos , España , Grabación en VideoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The development of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery has led to other techniques, such as single-incision surgery. The use of the flexible endoscope for single-incision surgery paves the way for further refinement of both surgical methods. OBJECTIVE: To describe a new, single-incision surgical technique, namely, flexible single-incision surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Assessment of the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic cholecystectomy in a series of 30 patients. This technique consists of a single umbilical incision through which a flexible endoscope is introduced and consists of 2 parallel entry ports that provide access to nonarticulated laparoscopic instruments. RESULTS: The technique was applied in all patients for whom it was prescribed. No general or surgical wound complications were noted. Surgical time was no longer than usual for single-port surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Flexible single-incision surgery is a new single-site surgical technique offering the same level of patient safety, with additional advantages for the surgeon at minimal cost.
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Endoscopios , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Cirugía Endoscópica por Orificios Naturales/instrumentación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Colecistectomía/instrumentación , Colecistectomía/métodos , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/instrumentación , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Oral and intestinal samples from a cohort of 93 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls (non-CRC) were collected for microbiome analysis. Saliva (28 non-CRC and 94 CRC), feces (30 non-CRC and 97 CRC), subgingival fluid (20 CRC), and tumor tissue samples (20 CRC) were used for 16S metabarcoding and/or RNA sequencing (RNAseq) approaches. A differential analysis of the abundance, performed with the ANCOM-BC package, adjusting the P-values by the Holm-Bonferroni method, revealed that Parvimonas was significantly over-represented in feces from CRC patients (P-value < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. A total of 11 Parvimonas micra isolates were obtained from the oral cavity and adenocarcinoma of CRC patients. Genome analysis identified a pair of isolates from the same patient that shared 99.2% identity, demonstrating that P. micra can translocate from the subgingival cavity to the gut. The data suggest that P. micra could migrate in a synergistic consortium with other periodontal bacteria. Metatranscriptomics confirmed that oral bacteria were more active in tumor than in non-neoplastic tissues. We suggest that P. micra could be considered as a CRC biomarker detected in non-invasive samples such as feces.
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BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a technique still in experimental development whose safety and effectiveness call for assessment through clinical trials. In this paper we present a three-arm, noninferiority, prospective randomized clinical trial of 1 year duration comparing the vaginal and transumbilical approaches for transluminal endoscopic surgery with the conventional laparoscopic approach for elective cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty female patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years who were eligible for elective cholecystectomy were randomized in a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive hybrid transvaginal NOTES (TV group), hybrid transumbilical NOTES (TU group) or conventional laparoscopy (CL group). The main study variable was parietal complications (wound infection, bleeding, and eventration). The analysis was by intention to treat, and losses were not replaced. RESULTS: Cholecystectomy was successfully performed on 94% of the patients. One patient in the TU group was reconverted to CL owing to difficulty in maneuvering the endoscope. After a minimum follow-up period of 1 year, no differences were noted in the rate of parietal complications. Postoperative pain, length of hospital stay, and time off from work were similar in the three groups. No patient developed dyspareunia. Surgical time was longer among cases in which a flexible endoscope was used (CL, 47.04 min; TV, 64.85 min; TU, 59.80 min). CONCLUSIONS: NOTES approaches using the flexible endoscope are not inferior in safety or effectiveness to conventional laparoscopy. The transumbilical approach with flexible endoscope is as effective and safe as the transvaginal approach and is a promising, single-incision approach.
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Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/métodos , Cirugía Endoscópica por Orificios Naturales , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Ombligo , Vagina , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The flexible endoscope has not traditionally figured among the tools used by the surgeon. Intra-operative flexible endoscopy may be one of the techniques available in the operating room in the near future. On analysing the development of minimally invasive surgery and flexible endoscopy, it can be seen that they are converging and losing ground to gastrointestinal endoscopy on the one hand, and gaining it with the flexible endoscope, on the other. The technical development of «hybrid¼ NOTES has shown how some tools not usually available in theatre may be very useful. Flexible endoscopy is probably the technique to enter into the surgical area that offers improved performance. Surgeons need to work closely with the gastroenterologists, while they are trained in these techniques for future «hybrid¼ specialists.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo/instrumentación , Endoscopios Gastrointestinales , Diseño de Equipo , Humanos , Cirugía Endoscópica por Orificios Naturales/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) makes it possible to perform intraperitoneal surgical procedures with a minimal number of access points in the abdominal wall. Currently, it is not possible to perform these interventions without the help of abdominal wall entryways, so these procedures are hybrids fusing minilaparoscopy and transluminal endoscopic surgery. This report presents a prospective clinical series of 25 patients who underwent transvaginal hybrid cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. METHODS: The study comprised a clinical series of 25 consecutive nonrandomized women who underwent a fusion transvaginal NOTES and minilaparoscopy procedure with two trocars for cholelithiasis: one 5-mm umbilical trocar and one 3-mm trocar in the upper left quadrant. The study had no control group. RESULTS: The scheduled surgical intervention was performed for all 25 women. No intraoperative complications occurred. One patient had mild hematuria that resolved in less than 12 h, but no other complications occurred during an average follow-up period of 140 days. Of the 25 women, 20 were discharged in 24 h, and 5 were discharged less than 12 h after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Hybrid transvaginal cholecystectomy, combining NOTES and minilaparoscopy, is a good surgical model for minimally invasive surgery. It can be performed in surgical settings where laparoscopy is practiced regularly using the instruments normally used for endoscopy and laparoscopic surgery. Due to the reproducibility of the intervention and the ease of vaginal closure, hybrid transvaginal cholecystectomy will permit further development of NOTES in the future.
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Colecistectomía/métodos , Colelitiasis/cirugía , Cirugía Endoscópica por Orificios Naturales/métodos , Adulto , Colecistectomía/instrumentación , Femenino , Humanos , Cirugía Endoscópica por Orificios Naturales/instrumentación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , VaginaRESUMEN
Rectal cancer is one of the commonest human malignancies. Treatment of this serious disease conventionally involves resection with/without anastomosis. Anastomotic site stenosis is a serious complication of rectal resection for which treatment is still evolving. We report a male patient treated with minimally invasive abdominal and anal approach for stenosis after initial transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for rectal cancer. Surgeons are encouraged to put this technique in their mind while treating similar cases.
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BACKGROUND: Rectal cancer is now an increasing problem in both developed and developing countries. In the last 7 years, minimally invasive surgery for this disease has entered a new era of transanal resection with/without laparoscopic assistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present here a prospective study done in Egypt (probably the earliest experience) and Spain on the feasibility of hybrid NOTES in rectal cancer. RESULTS: From September 2015 till November 2017, 18 cases underwent transanal total mesorectal excision with no detected mortality and with morbidities in 44% of cases, from which 5 were class III on Clavien-Dindo scale requiring intervention. Good quality total mesorectal excision was obtained in more than three quarters of our patients. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the technique was technically demanding with a long learning curve; however, the short term results were very good in alliance with other few similar reports.
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Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Egipto , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Recto/patología , Recto/cirugía , España , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: Laparoscopic colorectal resection is more and more being employed in the daily oncology practice. Natural orifice techniques to obviate the need for a specimen extraction incision are evolving. Materials and methods: We studied transanal and transvaginal specimen extraction after laparoscopic colorectal resections prospectively in 16 patients. Results: The technique was successfully implemented in 75% of the cases. The site of the tumour and the patient age were the significant predictors of the technique success. Conclusion: The technique is reproducible and can be more widely adopted.
RESUMO Introdução: A ressecção colorretal laparoscópica está sendo cada vez mais empregada na prática diária de oncologia. Observa-se uma evolução nas técnicas que usam orifícios naturais de modo a evitar a necessidade de uma incisão para extração de espécimes. Materiais e métodos: O estudo avaliou prospectivamente a extração transanal e transvaginal de espécimes após ressecções colorretais laparoscópicas em 16 pacientes. Resultados: A técnica foi implementada com sucesso em 75% dos casos. A localização do tumor e a idade do paciente foram preditores significativos de sucesso da técnica. Conclusão: A técnica é reprodutível e pode ser mais amplamente adotada.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Laparoscopía , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal , Cirugía Colorrectal , Cirugía Endoscópica por Orificios NaturalesRESUMEN
A new way of opening a body cavity can be a revolution in surgery. In 1980s, laparoscopy changed how surgeons had been working for years. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), minilaparoscopy-assisted natural orifice surgery (MANOS), single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and other new techniques are the new paradigm in our way of operating in the 21(st) century. The development of these techniques began in the late 90s but they have not had enough impact to develop and evolve. Parallels between the first years of laparoscopy and NOTES can be made. Working for an invisible surgery, not only for cosmesis but for a less invasive surgery, is the target of NOTES, MANOS and SILS performed by surgeons and endoscopists over the last 10 years. The future flexible endoscopic platforms and the fusion between laparoscopic instruments and devices and robotic surgery will be a great advance for "scarless surgery".
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INTRODUCTION: We present a non-randomised comparative study of two patients series followed up prospectively, in which convention laparoscopic cholecystectomy is compared with transvaginal cholecystectomy, a hybrid transluminal endoscopic procedure, with the objective of assessing the clinical safety of the procedures and its efficacy in the resolution of cholelithiasis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A non-randomised prospective clinical series of 40 female patients, operated on for cholelithiasis using endoscopic surgery, 20 with a conventional laparoscopic approach and 20 using a transvaginal endoscopic approach. Surgical wound infection, urinary infection, evisceration, eventration, mortality and other complications. RESULTS: Scheduled operations were performed on the 40 patients as indicated. There were no complications during the operations. There was no mortality associated with the procedures and there was only one post-surgical complication, a urinary tract infection in one patient operated on by the transvaginal approach. The mean follow up was the same in both groups (9 months). The mean hospital stay was less than 0.8 days in both groups. The duration of the surgery was longer in the transvaginal approach group, with a mean of 69.5 min, compared to 46.2 min in the laparoscopy group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the cosmetic benefit is obvious, no differences were found as regards parietal problems in this series. The duration of the transvaginal surgery is higher than that of the transparietal, but the times of both are acceptable. In this study, the non-inferiority in the safety and efficacy of the transvaginal approach is able to be assessed.
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Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/métodos , Colecistectomía/métodos , Colelitiasis/cirugía , Endoscopía del Sistema Digestivo/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , VaginaRESUMEN
El endoscopio flexible no ha figurado tradicionalmente entre el conjunto de dispositivos manejados por el cirujano digestivo. La endoscopia flexible intraoperatoria puede ser una de las técnicas que en un futuro no lejano estén disponibles en el quirófano de manera habitual. Al analizar el desarrollo de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva y de la endoscopia flexible, nos damos cuenta de cómo estamos convergiendo y de cómo podemos ir cediendo terreno a la endoscopia digestiva por un lado y ganándolo, con el endoscopio flexible, por otro. El desarrollo de las técnicas «híbridas» NOTES nos ha enseñado a mirar como potencialmente útiles en el quirófano equipos que no son habituales en nuestro entorno. La endoscopia flexible es probablemente la técnica que ofrece mayor rentabilidad al incorporarse al área quirúrgica. Es necesaria la colaboración estrecha con los digestólogos endoscopistas, a la vez que vamos formando a los cirujanos en este tipo de técnicas para un futuro de especialistas «híbridos» (AU)
The flexible endoscope has not traditionally figured among the tools used by the surgeon. Intra-operative flexible endoscopy may be one of the techniques available in the operating room in the near future. On analysing the development of minimally invasive surgery and flexible endoscopy, it can be seen that they are converging and losing ground to gastrointestinal endoscopy on the one hand, and gaining it with the flexible endoscope, on the other. The technical development of «hybrid» NOTES has shown how some tools not usually available in theatre may bevery useful. Flexible endoscopy is probably the technique to enter into the surgical area that offers improved performance. Surgeons need to work closely with the gastroenterologists, while they are trained in these techniques for future «hybrid» specialists (AU)
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Humanos , Cirugía Endoscópica por Orificios Naturales/instrumentación , Gastroscopía/instrumentación , Gastroscopios/tendencias , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal/instrumentación , Endoscopios/tendencias , Colonoscopía/métodos , Laparoscopía/métodosRESUMEN
Introducción: Presentamos un estudio comparativo no aleatorizado de dos series seguidas de manera prospectiva en las que se compara la colecistectomía laparoscópica convencional con la colecistectomía transvaginal, procedimiento endoscópico transluminal híbrido, con el objetivo de valorar la seguridad clínica del procedimiento y su eficacia en la resolución de la colelitiasis. Pacientes y método: Serie clínica prospectiva no aleatorizada de 40 mujeres intervenidas por colelitiasis mediante cirugía endoscópica, 20 con abordaje laparoscópico convencional y 20 mediante abordaje endoscópico transvaginal. Se analizaron como variables la infección de herida quirúrgica, la infección urinaria, la evisceración, la eventración, la mortalidad y otras complicaciones. Resultados: Se realizó la intervención prevista en las 40 pacientes a quienes se indicó. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias. No hubo ningún caso de mortalidad relacionada con los procedimientos y sólo se produjo una complicación postoperatoria, infección del tracto urinario, en una paciente operada por vía transvaginal. El seguimiento medio ha sido el mismo en ambos grupos (9 meses). La estancia media fue en ambos grupos<0,8 días. La duración de la cirugía fue mayor en el grupo con abordaje transvaginal, con 69,5min de media frente a 46,2min en el grupo laparoscópico. Conclusiones: Si bien la ventaja estética es patente, en esta serie no se han encontrado diferencias en relación con problemas parietales. La duración de la cirugía transvaginal es mayor que la de la transparietal, pero los tiempos medios de ambas son aceptables. En este estudio se puede valorar la no inferioridad en eficacia y seguridad del abordaje transvaginal(AU)
Introduction: We present a non-randomised comparative study of two patients series followed up prospectively, in which convention laparoscopic cholecystectomy is compared with transvaginal cholecystectomy, a hybrid transluminal endoscopic procedure, with the objective of assessing the clinical safety of the procedures and its efficacy in the resolution of cholelithiasis. Patients and method: A non-randomised prospective clinical series of 40 female patients, operated on for cholelithiasis using endoscopic surgery, 20 with a conventional laparoscopic approach and 20 using a transvaginal endoscopic approach. Surgical wound infection, urinary infection, evisceration, eventration, mortality and other complications. Results: Scheduled operations were performed on the 40 patients as indicated. There were no complications during the operations. There was no mortality associated with the procedures and there was only one post-surgical complication, a urinary tract infection in one patient operated on by the transvaginal approach. The mean follow up was the same in both groups (9 months). The mean hospital stay was less than 0.8 days in both groups. The duration of the surgery was longer in the transvaginal approach group, with a mean of 69.5min, compared to 46.2min in the laparoscopy group. Conclusions: Although the cosmetic benefit is obvious, no differences were found as regards parietal problems in this series. The duration of the transvaginal surgery is higher than that of the transparietal, but the times of both are acceptable. In this study, the non-inferiority in the safety and efficacy of the transvaginal approach is able to be assessed(AU)