Computed tomographic staging of esophageal carcinoma: a study on interobserver variation and correlation with pathological findings.

Despite numerous reports on the efficacy of CT in the staging of esophageal carcinoma, no data are available on the reproducibility of the procedure. Three experienced radiologists independently reviewed the CT scans of 35 patients retrospectively. Calculation of interobserver variation was performed using the kappa statistic. The CT findings of each observer were subsequently correlated with the surgical and pathological findings of 17 patients. There was a large interobserver variation concerning involvement of the aorta, pulmonary vessels, vertebral column, stomach and lymph nodes, ranging from poor to excellent agreement. Agreement between observers on extension of the disease to the tracheobronchial tree, pericardium and liver was good or excellent. Agreement between the CT findings of all observers and the surgical findings for invasive growth was poor. CT pathological correlation of the three observers showed sensitivities ranging from 50 to 57%, specificities ranging from 50 to 60% and accuracies ranging from 46 to 71%. It can be concluded from this study that patients with positive CT findings for involvement of the tracheobronchial tree, the pericardium and the liver should be considered unresectable for cure. Negative findings, however, should be interpreted with caution, because involvement of other structures may still be present. Despite optimistic reports on the efficacy of CT in the pretherapy staging of esophageal neoplasms, this modality has its limitations.

Color Doppler imaging of the right gastroepiploic artery as an in situ coronary artery bypass graft.

In recent years the right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) has been used as an in situ graft in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The specific anatomical course of the GEA graft enables the use of color Doppler imaging technique to evaluate its patency. The results in 21 patients demonstrate the efficiency of this technique; postoperative angiography to establish patency can therefore be avoided.

Defecographic evaluation of dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence.

PURPOSE: A prospective defecographic study was performed to evaluate the anorectal physiology of dynamic graciloplasty (gracilis muscle transposition and subsequent implantation of an electric stimulator) for treatment of fecal incontinence. METHODS: From November 1986 until May 1993, 38 consecutive patients with incapacitating fecal incontinence were treated with "anal dynamic graciloplasty." Defecography was performed before and after surgical procedures. Defecographic data (anorectal angle, perineal descent, anal canal length, anal canal width, and anal leakage) were correlated with respect to clinical outcome and anal manometry. RESULTS: Fecal continence was achieved in 24 patients, which correlated significantly with no leakage of barium contrast during defecography (P < 0.01, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance). In addition, minimum anal canal width decreased from 7 mm before surgery to 1 mm after dynamic graciloplasty (P < 0.01, paired Student's t-test). CONCLUSION: Defecography is an efficient method to evaluate dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence.