Catalyst-free assembly of a polyfunctionalized 1,2,4-triazole-fused N-heterocycle, 6-acylated pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazine.

A catalyst-free synthetic route to a new 1,2,4-triazole-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine hybrid system, 6-acylpyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazine, was realized upon sequential exposure of pyrrole-2-carbonitrile-derived substrates to DMF-DMA and acyl hydrazide through which acylated pyrazine and 1,2,4-triazole rings were consecutively formed with the formation of multiple bonds (one C-C bond and three C-N bonds). This annulative functionalization approach towards N-fused polycycles enabled us to install various substituents at specific positions on the core skeleton.

Impact of linkage level on inferences from big data analyses in health and medical research: an empirical study.

BACKGROUND: Linkage errors that occur according to linkage levels can adversely affect the accuracy and reliability of analysis results. This study aimed to identify the differences in results according to personally identifiable information linkage level, sample size, and analysis methods through empirical analysis. METHODS: The difference between the results of linkage in directly identifiable information (DII) and indirectly identifiable information (III) linkage levels was set as III linkage based on name, date of birth, and sex and DII linkage based on resident registration number. The datasets linked at each level were named as databaseIII (DBIII) and databaseDII (DBDII), respectively. Considering the analysis results of the DII-linked dataset as the gold standard, descriptive statistics, group comparison, incidence estimation, treatment effect, and moderation effect analysis results were assessed. RESULTS: The linkage rates for DBDII and DBIII were 71.1% and 99.7%, respectively. Regarding descriptive statistics and group comparison analysis, the difference in effect in most cases was "none" to "very little." With respect to cervical cancer that had a relatively small sample size, analysis of DBIII resulted in an underestimation of the incidence in the control group and an overestimation of the incidence in the treatment group (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.62 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63-4.23] in DBIII vs. 1.80 [95% CI: 1.18-2.73] in DBDII). Regarding prostate cancer, there was a conflicting tendency with the treatment effect being over or underestimated according to the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results summary staging (HR = 2.27 [95% CI: 1.91-2.70] in DBIII vs. 1.92 [95% CI: 1.70-2.17] in DBDII for the localized stage; HR = 1.80 [95% CI: 1.37-2.36] in DBIII vs. 2.05 [95% CI: 1.67-2.52] in DBDII for the regional stage). CONCLUSIONS: To prevent distortion of the analyses results in health and medical research, it is important to check that the patient population and sample size by each factor of interest (FOI) are sufficient when different data are linked using DBDII. In cases involving a rare disease or with a small sample size for FOI, there is a high likelihood that a DII linkage is unavoidable.

Regioselective Access to 1,2,4-Triazole-Fused N-Heterocycle, Pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazine, via Double Dehydrative Cyclizations.

A highly efficient and regioselective approach to a novel 1,2,4-triazole-fused N-heterocyclic scaffold, pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c]pyrazine, was established by base-promoted reaction of pyrrole-2-carbonitrile-derived substrate with acyl hydrazide where domino double ring closures comprised of enamine formation, attack on nitrile, and cyclodehydration enabled sequential construction of pyrazine and 1,2,4-triazole ring systems with formation of three C-N bonds.

The risk of osteoporotic fracture in gastric cancer survivors: total gastrectomy versus subtotal gastrectomy versus endoscopic treatment.

PURPOSES: Previous studies have suggested that there is an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture in gastric cancer survivors. However, the data was not classified according to surgery type. This study investigated the cumulative incidence osteoporotic fracture (OF) in gastric cancer survivors according to treatment modality. METHODS: A total of 85,124 gastric cancer survivors during 2008-2016 were included. The type of surgery was classified as total gastrectomy (TG, n = 14,428)/subtotal gastrectomy (SG, n = 52,572)/endoscopic mucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection (ESD/EMR, n = 18,125). The site of osteoporotic fractures included the spine, hip, wrist, and humerus. We examined cumulative incidence using Kaplan-Meier survivor analysis and cox proportional hazards regression analysis to determine the risk factor of OF. RESULTS: The incidence of OF per 100,000 patient year was 2.6, 2.1, 1.8 in TG, SG, ESD/EMR group. The cumulative incidence rate was 2.3% at 3 years, 4.0% at 5 years, and 5.8% at 7 years in gastrectomy group, and 1.8% at 3 years, 3.3% at 5 years in the SG group, and 4.9% at 7 years postoperatively in ESD/EMR group. TG increased the risk of OF compared to patients who underwent SG (HR 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57-1.94), and ESD/EMR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.23, 95% CI 2.14-2.32). CONCLUSION: Gastric cancer survivors who underwent TG had an increased osteoporotic fracture risk than did SG or ESD/EMR in these patients. The amount of gastric resection and accompanying metabolic changes seemed to mediate such risk. Additional research is needed to establish an optimal strategy for each type of surgery.

Burn Survivors' Experiences of the Ongoing Challenges after Discharge in South Korea: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVE: To help burn survivors during the recovery time after discharge, healthcare professionals need to understand their experiences and care requirements. However, little is known about the experience of burn survivors after discharge in South Korea. This study aims to explore their experiences in a community setting. METHODS: Using a qualitative descriptive format, data were collected by semistructured interview from 10 patients who had sustained major burns. Each interview was based on a protocol of 60 to 90 minutes' duration and used a qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were identified in the analysis: (1) ongoing distressing symptoms and the unpredictability of hypertrophic scars, (2) difficulties in reintegration into society, and (3) burden of health expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: Several participants expressed consistent difficulties with distressing symptoms such as wound pain, pruritus, sleep disturbances, and unpredictable scar and symptom changes. Survivors further described the financial burden associated with high expenditures from nonreimbursable rehabilitation expenses, and the high cost incurred with consistent skin care. By providing support based on their needs, appropriate interventions would be more readily available for burn survivors.

The Influence of Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety Error Experience on Safety Nursing Activities of Emergency Nurses in South Korea.

INTRODUCTION: The unique nature of the space and environment of emergency departments is a threat to patient safety. Enhancing patient safety and minimizing safety-related issues are important tasks for ED health care staff. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among patient safety culture, patient safety error, and safety nursing activities of emergency nurses in South Korea. METHODS: A convenience sample of 200 emergency nurses working in 12 general hospitals in South Korea were surveyed for safety nursing activities using the Hospital Survey of Patients' Safety Culture, a 4-item questionnaire for patient safety error and ED safety management items in the Guidelines for Patient Safety (seventh revision). RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the potential factors associated with safety nursing activities were safety training experience (ß = 0.180, P=.01), organizational learning-continuous improvement (ß = 0.170, P=.04), age (ß = 0.160, P=.02), and implementation of domestic and foreign accreditation (ß = 0.147, P=.03). DISCUSSION: To improve patient safety, it is essential to identify problems in medical institutions, determine areas of improvement, and improve the organization's patient safety activity system on the basis of patient safety error experience reports. After training the emergency nurses for continuous improvement, the effect of patient safety activities must be analyzed.

Clinical nurses' knowledge and practice of venous thromboembolism risk assessment and prevention in South Korea: a cross-sectional survey.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To examine Korean registered nurses' level of perceived knowledge and practice of venous thromboembolism risk assessment as well as prevention, self-efficacy in venous thromboembolism care and actual knowledge of venous thromboembolism. BACKGROUND: For hospitalised patients, venous thromboembolism is a preventable clinical disorder. Caring for venous thromboembolism patients requires coordination across multiple providers and settings. Clinical nurses can play a major role in improving venous thromboembolism prevention care, assessing venous thromboembolism risks and providing appropriate prophylactic measures to those who are at risk for venous thromboembolism. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study. METHODS: Anonymous paper-based surveys were conducted for a convenience sample of registered nurses' (n = 452) from two university-affiliated hospitals in South Korea. RESULTS: The majority of participants indicated that their overall self-rated venous thromboembolism knowledge was 'fair', while only 2·4% rated it as 'very good' or 'excellent'. The overall mean score of the venous thromboembolism knowledge questions was 50·9 (±13·0) of a possible score of 100. The mean score of self-efficacy in practising venous thromboembolism prevention/prophylaxis was 3·0 (based on a one to five Likert scale). The self-reported venous thromboembolism assessment performance on patients varied among clinical units. Only 9·3% of participants reported having received in-service venous thromboembolism education from their hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that overall venous thromboembolism knowledge and self-efficacy in venous thromboembolism prevention practices of Korean registered nurses' were not highly rated. Korean nurses demonstrated a lack of knowledge about venous thromboembolism, particularly in the areas of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis measures and venous thromboembolism diagnosis methods. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Focused education on venous thromboembolism prevention and risk assessment should be considered a component of continuing education for Korean nurses.

Mental health status and its predictors among call center employees: A cross-sectional study.

In this study, we assessed the mental health of Korean call center employees and investigated the potential predictors of their mental health status. A cross-sectional study using self-completing questionnaire was conducted for employees working for a credit card call center. A total of 306 call center employees completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Emotion Labor Scale, and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale. The results showed that more than half of the participants reported high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the total scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were predicted by perceived health, job satisfaction, job demands, organizational injustice, and emotional dissonance suggesting that, in the interest of improving the mental health of call center employees, their job demands and emotional dissonance should be reduced and the work environment be improved. Consideration should be given to providing routine assessments of mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress, and the corresponding need for the development of an intervention program and other work-related policies that would protect employees from the risk of poor mental health outcomes.

Workplace Bullying, Job Stress, Intent to Leave, and Nurses' Perceptions of Patient Safety in South Korean Hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Negative work environments influence the ability of nurses to provide optimal patient care in a safe environment. AIM: The purpose of the study was to test a model linking workplace bullying (WPB) and lateral violence (LV) with job stress, intent to leave, and, subsequently, nurse-assessed patient adverse outcomes (safety issues). DESIGN: This descriptive-correlational study examined the relationships between study variables and used a structural equation model to test the validity of the proposed theoretical framework. METHODS: A convenience sample of 508 clinical nurses working in eight general hospitals in Daejeon, South Korea, completed a questionnaire on measures of WPB, LV, job stress, intent to leave, and nurse-assessed patient safety. Analysis of moment structures was used to estimate a set of three models with competing measurement structures for WPB and LV and the same structural model. Akaike Information Criterion was used for model selection. RESULTS: Among the three proposed models, the model with complex factor loadings was selected (WPB and LV were both associated with verbal abuse and physical threat). WPB directly and indirectly influenced nurse-assessed patient safety. Job stress directly influenced intent to leave, and intent to leave directly influenced nurse-assessed patient safety. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study support the proposition that WPB, job stress, and intent to leave may be associated with nurse-perceived adverse outcomes (patient safety issues) in hospitals. Nurse perceptions of WPB were associated with nurse-assessed patient safety outcomes (adverse events) directly and through mediating job stress and intent to leave. LV was not associated with the mediators or nurse-assessed adverse outcomes (safety).

Factors affecting workplace bullying and lateral violence among clinical nurses in Korea: descriptive study.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Workplace bullying and lateral violence are serious issues affecting the work life of hospital nurses. The purpose of this study was to identify the selected individual and institutional characteristics for workplace bullying and lateral violence using a conceptual framework. METHODS: A descriptive survey design was used. A convenience sample of 255 nurses in tertiary hospitals, who had a minimum of 6 months clinical experience, completed the survey. Regression analysis was used to determine factors significantly associated with workplace bullying and lateral violence. The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised and the Lateral Violence scale were used to measure workplace bullying and lateral violence. RESULTS: A negative affect, individualism and working in hospital specialty units predicted workplace bullying. Individualism, a negative affect, affiliated hospital and working hours predicted verbal abuse whereas the place of employment was significantly associated with lateral violence. CONCLUSION: The results of this study identified factors that are associated with bullying and violence but did not fully support the conceptual framework. The individual characteristic negative affect was significantly associated with most types of workplace bullying and lateral violence bully whereas the place of employment was an important factor in lateral violence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers need to be aware that both individual and institutional factors may impact levels of workplace bullying and lateral violence in their hospitals and need to prepare specific strategies to address these multiple factors.

Translation and evaluation of the Cultural Awareness Scale for Korean nursing students.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness of a curriculum for achieving high levels of cultural competence, we need to be able to assess education intended to enhance cultural competency skills. We therefore translated the Cultural Awareness Scale (CAS) into Korean (CAS-K). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cross-cultural applicability and psychometric properties of the CAS-K, specifically its reliability and validity. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to conduct the evaluation. A convenience sample of 495 nursing students was recruited from four levels of nursing education within four universities in the city of Daejeon, South Korea. RESULTS: This study provided beginning evidence of the validity and reliability of the CAS-K and the cross-cultural applicability of the concepts underlying this instrument. Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.59 and 0.86 (overall 0.89) in the tests of internal consistency. Cultural competency score prediction of the experience of travel abroad (r=0.084) and the perceived need for cultural education (r=0.223) suggested reasonable criterion validity. Five factors with eigenvalues >1.0 were extracted, accounting for 55.58% of the variance; two retained the same items previously identified for the CAS. CONCLUSION: The CAS-K demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability in measuring cultural awareness in this sample of Korean nursing students. The revised CAS-K should be tested for its usability in curriculum evaluation and its applicability as a guide for teaching cultural awareness among groups of Korean nursing students.

Development and effectiveness of a mobile-based autonomy support program for the prevention of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women.

Objective: Utilizing self-directed strategies for maintaining and managing healthy lifestyle habits is efficient, and it is essential to consider individual motivation, as it is a factor that directly influences the adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviors. The study aimed to assess the effects of a mobile-based autonomy support program on basic psychological needs, autonomous motivation, health behavior, and metabolic syndrome indicators in middle-aged women. Methods: This study was a non-randomized controlled trial with a pre-test and post-test design, focused on validating a mobile-based autonomy-supportive program to prevent metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women. The experimental group participated in a 12-week mobile-based autonomy support program, which included components such as education, physical activity guidance, dietary management, and real-time data monitoring. In contrast, the control group was provided with comparable educational resources. Assessments of basic psychological needs, autonomous motivation, health behavior, and metabolic syndrome indicators were conducted at baseline and again at the 12-week mark. Results: After a 12-week period, the experimental group demonstrated significant enhancements in autonomy (p = 0.004) and competence (p < 0.001), two key dimensions of basic psychological needs. Autonomous motivation (p < 0.001) and health behavior scores (p < 0.001) were also significantly higher in the experimental group, while waist circumference (p = 0.048) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.011) were significantly reduced. Other variables such as relatedness, high-density cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, diastolic blood pressure, and neutral fat scores were also improved in the experimental group, but these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The autonomy support program offers a cost-effective and community-accessible health care strategy for middle-aged women and may be integrated into various nursing practices.

Perceptions of registered nurses on facilitators and barriers of implementing the AI-IoT-based healthcare pilot project for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea.

Objective: This study explored the perceptions of registered nurses on the facilitators and barriers to implementing an AI/IoT (Artificial Intelligence/Internet of Things)-based healthcare pilot project, designed to prevent frailty and improve health behaviors by providing Bluetooth-enabled smart devices (including blood pressure and blood glucose meters) for the older adults aged over 65 years and above in South Korea. Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, interviews and qualitative surveys were conducted with 15 registered nurses from 11 public health centers. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The study found that the AI·IoT-based healthcare pilot project was well received by participants, leading to increased client satisfaction and improved health behaviors. Government support and funding were crucial facilitators of project implementation. However, technical challenges and disparities in digital literacy among older adults pose significant barriers. Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential of AI·IoT technologies in improving the healthcare of older adults. Efforts to address technological challenges and enhance digital literacy among vulnerable populations are necessary for successfully implementing such interventions. Government support and ongoing training for healthcare professionals can help optimize the AI·IoT-based healthcare services for older adults.

Triage and length of stay in emergency department visits due to alcohol intoxication: A retrospective chart review.

BACKGROUND: Patients with alcohol intoxication are screened and treated at emergency departments (EDs), at the cost of alcohol-related ED visit resource consumption. The purposes of this study were to identify characteristics of patients with alcohol intoxication, in terms of triage, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and ED length of stay (LOS) and to compare these characteristics by homelessness status. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all visits and referrals to one drunken center in an ED between January and December 2019. Adults aged over 18 years admitted to the drunken center with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 100 mg/dl or higher were included. RESULTS: Approximately 89 % were male, around 30.4 % of the patients with acute alcohol intoxication were homeless. Approximately 46 % of patients were Medicaid or non-insured. Approximately 74.2 % of the patients were classified as KTAS 4 (less urgent) and 5 (nonurgency) upon initial KTAS evaluation. Both BAC and ED LOS were significantly higher in the homeless group. CONCLUSIONS: About half of alcohol intoxicated patients who visited ED were vulnerable, and they visited the ED due to the problem of less urgent or non-urgent status of triage. Sobering places, not ED, and connecting patients with social work programs is important.

A cross-sectional study on factors affecting the intention to quit smoking among female call centre employees.

AIM: This study aims to describe smoking related characteristics among female call centre employees in South Korea and identify the factors influencing intention to quit smoking in the next 6 months. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: An anonymous online survey was conducted at three call centres of credit card companies in South Korea. Female employees with at least 6 months of experience (n = 115) who were currently smoking were included in this study. RESULTS: Overall, 20% of participants intended to quit within 6 months. Female call centre employees find it most difficult to resist the urge to smoke in negative mood situations. Factors affecting the quit intention were higher educational status, previous quit attempts lower perceived risk of craving and higher social support. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Measuring and monitoring craving as perceived risk and providing social support can be useful for designing smoking cessation interventions in this population.

Depressive symptoms and functional impairment among amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in South Korea.

PURPOSE: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, resulting in physical and psychological distress. Little is known about the health of ALS patients in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of functional impairment and depressive symptoms and their interrelationships in Korean ALS patients. METHOD: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a convenience sample of 62 ALS patients was recruited. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. RESULTS: The mean score of ALSFRS was 18.98 and 24.50 for BDI. Severity of depressive symptoms was associated with gender, employment, perceived health status, and ALS type. A greater functional impairment was associated with greater depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports high prevalence of depressive symptoms in ALS patients. The findings add to the body of knowledge on emotional health and provide motives for interventions to promote mental health of these patients.

Smoking in the workplace: A study of female call center employees in South Korea.

Smoking among women is characteristically high among call center employees and is associated with various individual and work-related characteristics, which have been paid little attention so far. This study explored the differences in intrapersonal and interpersonal characteristics and environmental factors among Korean women working in call centers by smoking status, based on an ecological model. In this cross-sectional study, an anonymous online survey was conducted among a sample of female employees from three credit card-based call centers (N = 588). Differences in intrapersonal (social nicotine dependence, smoking attitudes, emotional labor), interpersonal (smoking among family or friends, social support), and environmental factors (smoking cessation education, and perceived and preferred smoking policy at work) were compared according to smoking status (smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers). Approximately 20% (n = 115) were smokers. Smokers were younger, mostly unmarried, had lower education, and had poorer perceived health status than ex- and never smokers. The mean scores for social nicotine dependence and smoking attitude were the highest among smokers, indicating their tendency to underestimate the negative effects of smoking. They also reported the highest level of emotional labor, with about half (50.4%) and almost all (95.7%) reporting smoking behaviors in their families and friends, respectively. Smokers took a lenient stance on the smoking ban policy. The results indicated the necessity to develop tailored smoking cessation programs to motivate female call center employees to quit smoking. As call centers may have a smoking-friendly environment, comprehensive smoking prevention programs considering multilevel factors are required to support smoking cessation.

Real-time measurement of transmittance changes during photo-polymerization of conventional and bulk-fill composites.

This study investigated transmittance changes during photo-polymerization of composites in real-time. The transmittance changes of one conventional micro-hybrid, three conventional nano-hybrid, and four bulk-fill composites were measured before, during, and after photo-polymerization, and the maximum rate of transmittance change was compared with that of polymerization shrinkage. A significant difference in transmittance of composite between before and after photo-polymerization was observed. The transmittance of composites except for one bulk-fill composite increased during photo-polymerization. There was a correlation between the maximum rate of transmittance change and the maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage. The transmittance analysis of composites gives very important information to know for the final aesthetic restoration and allows to evaluate polymerization kinetics.

Perceived Disaster Preparedness and Willingness to Respond among Emergency Nurses in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Emergency nurses serve a vital role in disaster situations. Understanding their disaster preparedness and willingness to respond to a disaster is important in maintaining appropriate disaster management. The purpose of this study was to explore emergency nurses' disaster preparedness and willingness to respond based on demographic and disaster-related characteristics, and their willingness to respond based on specific disaster situations. METHODS: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, the Disaster Preparedness Questionnaire for Nurses and willingness to report to duty by type of event were used to collect data from 158 nurses working in four regional emergency medical centers from 1 December 2019 to 30 April 2020 in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Emergency nurses with personal disaster experience as a victim or witness (t = 3.65, p < 0.001), professional disaster experience (i.e., working as a nurse) (t = 3.58, p < 0.001), who were current members of Korean Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (t = 6.26, p < 0.001), and who received disaster-related training within a year (t = 5.84, p < 0.001) showed a high level of perceived disaster preparedness. Emergency nurses who have professional disaster experience (i.e., working as a nurse) (t = 2.42, p = 0.017), are on a current disaster team (t = 2.39, p = 0.018), and have received disaster training (t = 2.73, p = 0.007) showed a high level of willingness to respond. Our study showed a high willingness to respond to natural disasters and low willingness to respond to technological disasters. DISCUSSION: To promote the engagement of emergency nurses in disaster response, disaster education programs should be expanded. Enhancing the safety of disaster response environments through supplementing medical personnel, distributing available resources, and providing sufficient compensation for emergency nurses is also essential.

Venous Thromboembolism in a Single Korean Trauma Center: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Assessing the Validity of VTE Diagnostic Tools.

PURPOSE: Trauma increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients. However, the risk and incidence of VTE in Korean trauma patients are limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and identify potential predictors of VTE occurrence in Korean trauma patients. Moreover, we assessed the validity of the Greenfield risk assessment profile (RAP) and the trauma embolic scoring system (TESS) in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used the data of trauma patients who were admitted to a regional trauma center between 2010 and 2016 and were eligible for entry into the Korea Trauma Data Bank. Clinical data were collected from hospital medical records. The patient's baseline characteristics and clinical data were compared between VTE and non-VTE groups. RESULTS: We included 9472 patients. The overall VTE rate was 0.87% (n=82), with 56 (0.59%) events of deep vein thrombosis and 39 (0.41%) of pulmonary embolism. Multiple regression analysis revealed that variables, including VTE history, pelvic-bone fracture, ventilator use, and hospitalization period, were significant, potential predictors of VTE occurrence. This study showed that increased RAP and TESS scores were correlated with increased VTE rate, with rates of 1% and 1.5% for the RAP and TESS scores of 6, respectively. The optimal cut-off value for RAP and TESS scores was 6. CONCLUSION: RAP and TESS, which are well-known diagnostic tools, demonstrated potentials in predicting the VTE occurrence in Korean trauma patients. Additionally, patients with pelvic-bone fractures and long-term ventilator treatment should be carefully examined for possible VTE.