Effect of dietary calcium (Ca) on body composition and Ca metabolism during growth in genetically obese (ß) male rats.

INTRODUCTION: Obese ß rats may be a suitable model to evaluate the association between calcium intake (CaI) and obesity during growth. OBJECTIVE: The present study comparatively evaluated Ca absorption and retention, and changes in body composition in spontaneously genetically obese (ß) male rats fed three different dietary Ca levels: high 0.9% (HCa); normal: 0.5% (NCa); low: 0.2% (LCa). METHODS: Pregnant rats were fed isocaloric diets which varied in Ca content only. Male pups continued feeding the same maternal diet until postnatal day 60. The percentage of Apparent Ca absorption (CaA %), Ca balance (CaB), body composition, glucose, triglycerides (TGL), and insulin levels were evaluated. RESULTS: Food consumption and body weight (BW) were higher in Group LCa than in Groups NCa and HCa (p < 0.01); no differences were observed between the latter two groups. Group LCa presented the highest body fat, liver weight, perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.05); conversely, body ashes and total skeleton bone mineral content were significantly lower compared with animals in both the NCa (p < 0.01) and HCa groups (p < 0.01). CaB (mg/day) reached a plateau at the highest CaI (mg/day) value (r = 0.985, p < 0.001). CaA%, serum glucose, insulin, and TGL levels rose as CaI decreased (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although further studies are required, low Ca consumption in this strain of rats could modulate BW inducing changes in several lipid metabolism parameters, which in turn lead to an increase in body fat.

Estimación de la ingesta de calcio y fosfato a partir de bebidas analcohólicas / Calcium and phosphate intake from analcoholic beverages

El calcio (Ca) es un nutriente crítico para la salud, especialmente en los períodos de crecimiento. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los individuos argentinos no alcanzan la ingesta diaria recomendada. Por su parte, el fósforo (P) es un nutriente cuya ingesta suele estar por encima de la recomendada. Este tipo de desequilibrio en la ingesta de ambos nutrientes conlleva a una pérdida de masa ósea. El consumo de bebidas analcohólicas (BA) se ha incrementado en los últimos años, sobre todo en la población infantil, desplazando el consumo de agua y lácteos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el aporte de Ca y P a partir de BA diferentes de agua. Se evaluaron 59 muestras, cuya mediana y rango de Ca fue de 7,74 [0,00 a 111,29] mg/l y de P 55,17 [0,16 a 957,00] mg/l. Los jugos en polvo son los que mayor contenido de Ca presentaron y las bebidas deportivas aquellas donde se halló el mayor contenido de P. Considerando un consumo de 500 ml/día de BA se estarían incorporando 3,87 mg Ca y 27,59 mg P. El creciente consumo de BA, su bajo contenido de Ca y la concomitante reducción del consumo de lácteos contribuyen a una inadecuada ingesta de Ca. (AU)

Calcium (Ca) is a critical nutrient, especially during periods of growth. However, the majority of Argentine individuals do not reach the recommended daily intake. On the other hand, phosphorus (P) is a nutrient with an intake usually above the recommended values. This type of imbalance between the intake of the nutrients leads to loss of bone mass. Soft drinks consumption (BA) has increased in recent years, especially in children, displacing the consumption of water and dairy products. The aim of this work was to estimate the Ca and P content in BA other than water. 59 samples were evaluated, with a median and range of Ca of 7.74 [0.00 to 111.29] mg/l and of P of 55.17 [0.16 to 957.00] mg/l. Powdered juices are the ones with the highest Ca content, and sports drinks are the beverages in which the highest P content was found. Based on a BA consumption of 500 ml/day, 3.87 mg Ca and 27.59 mg P would be incorporated. Therefore, the increased consumption of BA, their low Ca content, and the concomitant reduction in dairy consumption contribute to an inadequate intake of Ca. (AU)

Oleoyl-estrone metabolic effects in relation with caloric restriction in inbred Beta rats with spontaneous obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Spontaneously hypertriacylglycerolemic obese and diabetic inbred IIM Beta rats were treated with oleoylestrone for 10 days. Pair-feeding was performed to determine some oleoyl-estrone effects dependent on the caloric restriction it promotes. Twenty-five 200 day-old Beta males receiving a daily gavage of 0.2 ml sunflower oil were divided into the following groups: 1) daily dose of 10 nmol/g oleoyl-estrone; 2) pair-fed; 3) control. The variables measured were: whole body protein, water and lipid; retroperitoneal and epididymal fat depot weights; plasma urea, glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols and cholesterol. Biomass and food intake were assessed daily. Oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed groups expressed similar variations in body composition and significant body weight losses due to reduction in food intake. Oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed treatments significantly reduced retroperitoneal fat depot weights, but not epididymal ones. In oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed groups hyperglycemia decreased and insulinemia lowered significantly. Plasma normal total cholesterolemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia values typical of Beta rats decreased strongly compared to controls, though attaining significantly different values between oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed groups. Plasma total cholesterol appeared as more sensitive to caloric restriction than triacylglycerols through a specific oleoyl-estrone-mediated effect.

Oleoyl-estrone metabolic effects in relation with caloric restriction in inbred beta rats with spontaneous obesity and type 2 diabetes

Rats endocriadas de la línea IIMBeta con obesidad, hipertriacilglicerolemia y diabetes espontáneas fueron tratadas con oleoil-estrona durante 10 días. Un grupo con restricción alimentaria fue incluido en el estudio a fin de aislar algunos efectos de la oleoil-estrona dependientes de la restricción calórica que ésta promueve. Veinticinco ratas Beta macho de 200 dias de edad a los que se suministró 0.2 ml de aceite de girasol por día se dividieron en los seguientes grupos: (1) dosis diaria de 10 nmol/g de oleoil-estrona ; (2) restringido; (3) control. Las variables medidas fueron: proteínas corporales totales, agua y lípidios; pesos de los panículos adiposos retroperitoneal y epididimario; urea, glucosa, insulina, colesterol y triacilgliceroles plasmáticos. Los valores de biomasa y de ingesta de alimentos se registraron diariamente. Los grupos tratados con oleoil-estrona y restringido mostraron variaciones similares en composicíon corporal y disminuciones significativas en peso corporal debidas a reducciones en la ingesta de alimentos. Los tratamientos con oleoil-estrona y restringido disminuyeron significamente los pesos de los panículos adiposos retroperitoneales, pero no de los epididimarios. En los grupos tratados con oleoil-estrona y restringido la hiperglicemia disminuyó y la insulinemia lo hizo en forma significativa. Los valores de colesterol total plasmático normal y la hipertriacilglicerolemia característicos de las ratas Beta disminuyeron fuertemente comparados con los controles, aunque alcanzaron valores significa-tivamente diferentes entre los grupos tratados con oleoil-estrona y restringido. El colesterol total plasmático aparece como más sensible a la restricción calórica que los traicilgliceroles a través de un efecto específico mediado por la oleoil-estrona.

Oleoyl-estrone metabolic effects in relation with caloric restriction in inbred Beta rats with spontaneous obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Spontaneously hypertriacylglycerolemic obese and diabetic inbred IIM Beta rats were treated with oleoylestrone for 10 days. Pair-feeding was performed to determine some oleoyl-estrone effects dependent on the caloric restriction it promotes. Twenty-five 200 day-old Beta males receiving a daily gavage of 0.2 ml sunflower oil were divided into the following groups: 1) daily dose of 10 nmol/g oleoyl-estrone; 2) pair-fed; 3) control. The variables measured were: whole body protein, water and lipid; retroperitoneal and epididymal fat depot weights; plasma urea, glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols and cholesterol. Biomass and food intake were assessed daily. Oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed groups expressed similar variations in body composition and significant body weight losses due to reduction in food intake. Oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed treatments significantly reduced retroperitoneal fat depot weights, but not epididymal ones. In oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed groups hyperglycemia decreased and insulinemia lowered significantly. Plasma normal total cholesterolemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia values typical of Beta rats decreased strongly compared to controls, though attaining significantly different values between oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed groups. Plasma total cholesterol appeared as more sensitive to caloric restriction than triacylglycerols through a specific oleoyl-estrone-mediated effect.

Oleoyl-estrone metabolic effects in relation with caloric restriction in inbred beta rats with spontaneous obesity and type 2 diabetes

Rats endocriadas de la línea IIMBeta con obesidad, hipertriacilglicerolemia y diabetes espontáneas fueron tratadas con oleoil-estrona durante 10 días. Un grupo con restricción alimentaria fue incluido en el estudio a fin de aislar algunos efectos de la oleoil-estrona dependientes de la restricción calórica que ésta promueve. Veinticinco ratas Beta macho de 200 dias de edad a los que se suministró 0.2 ml de aceite de girasol por día se dividieron en los seguientes grupos: (1) dosis diaria de 10 nmol/g de oleoil-estrona ; (2) restringido; (3) control. Las variables medidas fueron: proteínas corporales totales, agua y lípidios; pesos de los panículos adiposos retroperitoneal y epididimario; urea, glucosa, insulina, colesterol y triacilgliceroles plasmáticos. Los valores de biomasa y de ingesta de alimentos se registraron diariamente. Los grupos tratados con oleoil-estrona y restringido mostraron variaciones similares en composicíon corporal y disminuciones significativas en peso corporal debidas a reducciones en la ingesta de alimentos. Los tratamientos con oleoil-estrona y restringido disminuyeron significamente los pesos de los panículos adiposos retroperitoneales, pero no de los epididimarios. En los grupos tratados con oleoil-estrona y restringido la hiperglicemia disminuyó y la insulinemia lo hizo en forma significativa. Los valores de colesterol total plasmático normal y la hipertriacilglicerolemia característicos de las ratas Beta disminuyeron fuertemente comparados con los controles, aunque alcanzaron valores significa-tivamente diferentes entre los grupos tratados con oleoil-estrona y restringido. El colesterol total plasmático aparece como más sensible a la restricción calórica que los traicilgliceroles a través de un efecto específico mediado por la oleoil-estrona. (AU)