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1.
Chemistry ; 30(17): e202303459, 2024 Mar 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38230981

RESUMEN

Tracer testing in reservoir formations is utilised to determine residual oil saturation as part of optimum hydrocarbon production. Here, we present a novel detection method of liquid organic compounds by monodisperse SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) containing two luminophores, a EuIII:EDTA complex and a newly synthesised fluorophore based on the organic boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-moiety. The particles exhibited stable EuIII PL emission intensity with a long lifetime in aqueous dispersion. The fluorescence of the BODIPY was also preserved in the aqueous environment. The ratiometric PL detection technique was demonstrated by using toluene and 1-octanol as model compounds of crude oil. The optimal synthesis conditions were found to give NPs with a diameter of ~100 nm, which is suitable for transport through porous oil reservoir structures. The cytotoxicity of the NPs was confirmed to be very low for human lung cell and fish cell lines. These findings demonstrate the potential of the NPs to replace the hazardous chemicals used to estimate the residual oil saturation. Moreover, the ratiometric PL detection technique is anticipated to be of benefit in other fields, such as biotechnology, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring, where a reliable and safe detection of a liquid organic phase is needed.

2.
Molecules ; 28(23)2023 Nov 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38067602

RESUMEN

Globally, prostate cancer is among the most threatening and leading causes of death in men. This study, therefore, aimed to search for an ideal antitumor strategy with high efficacy, low drug resistance, and no or few adverse effects. Resistomycin is a natural antibiotic derived from marine actinomycetes, and it possesses various biological activities. Prostate cancer cells (PC3) were treated with resistomycin (IC12.5: 0.65 or IC25: 1.3 µg/mL) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; IC25: 7 µg/mL) for 24 h. MTT assay and flow cytometry were utilized to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Oxidative stress, apoptotic-related markers, and cell cycle were also assessed. The results revealed that the IC50 of resistomycin and 5-FU on PC3 cells were 2.63 µg/mL and 14.44 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, treated cells with the high dose of resistomycin showed an increased number of apoptotic cells compared to those treated with the lower dose. Remarkable induction of reactive oxygen species generation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage with high malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl protein (CP), and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents were observed in resistomycin-treated cells. In addition, marked declines in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in PC3 cells subjected to resistomycin therapy were observed. Resistomycin triggered observable cell apoptosis by increasing Bax, caspase-3, and cytosolic cytochrome c levels and decreasing Bcl-2 levels. In addition, notable downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 was observed in resistomycin-treated cancerous cells. According to this evaluation, the antitumor potential of resistomycin, in a concentration-dependent manner, in prostate cancer cells was achieved by triggering oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. In conclusion, our investigation suggests that resistomycin can be considered a starting point for developing new chemotherapeutic agents for human prostate cancer.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Estrés Oxidativo , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Fluorouracilo/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular
3.
Trends Analyt Chem ; 157: 116750, 2022 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36060607

RESUMEN

Rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate virus circulation monitoring techniques are critical to limit the spread of the virus and reduce the social and economic burden. Therefore, point-of-use diagnostic devices have played a critical role in addressing the outbreak of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current techniques developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in various body fluids (e.g., blood, urine, feces, saliva, tears, and semen) and considers the mutations (i.e., Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron). We classify and comprehensively discuss the detection methods depending on the biomarker measured (i.e., surface antigen, antibody, and nucleic acid) and the measurement techniques such as lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), microarray analysis, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and biosensors. Finally, we addressed the challenges of rapidly identifying emerging variants, detecting the virus in the early stages of infection, the detection sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity, and commented on how these challenges can be overcome in the future.

4.
Indian J Clin Biochem ; 36(3): 319-329, 2021 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34220007

RESUMEN

A metabolomic study for determination of certain urinary metabolomes, 1-methyladenosine (1-MA), 1-methylguanosine (1-MG), and 8-hydroxy-2' deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine specimens of breast cancer patients. The accuracy of these metabolites and their combined score with cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) was developed to improve the early detection of breast cancer. This study recruited 52 healthy individuals, 47 benign breast tumors, and 167 malignant breast tumor patients. Urine samples were handled to adjust the creatinine concentrations to 8 mg/dL (0.7 mmol/L) and analyzed using GC-MS to detect and quantify the selected urinary metabolomes in urine samples of all participants. The accuracy of individual urinary metabolomes and their combination with CA15-3 were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis. The cutoff value of CA15-3 was 32.5 U/mL. Cutoff values of 1-MA, 1-MG, and 8-OHdG were 2.19, 2.1, and 7.3 µmol/mmol creatinine, respectively. The concentrations of 1-MA, 1-MG, and 8-OHdG were significantly higher in breast cancer patients, especially in the early-stage. The combination of three urinary metabolomes with CA15-3 improves the diagnostic sensitivity of breast cancer. For the combined score, the area under the curve (AUC) value of combined score ranged from 0.820 to 0.950, with high accuracy, ranged from 77.0 to 95.5%. The most significant AUC (0.973), sensitivity (90.1%), selectivity (94.0%) was recorded at comparing the healthy control with the early-stage of malignant breast cancer. In conclusion, the combination of three urinary metabolomes with serum CA15-3 improves the diagnostic sensitivity of breast cancer.

5.
Ann Hepatol ; 19(2): 179-185, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31648804

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The heterogenous nature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) motivated this attempt at developing and validating a model based on combined biomarkers for improving early HCC detection. PATIENTS/MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study examined 196 patients for an estimation study (104 patients with HCC, 52 with liver cirrhosis and 40 with liver fibrosis) and 122 patients for the validation study (80 patients with HCC, 42 with liver cirrhosis). All patients were positive for hepatitis C virus. Four markers were measured: Midkine and thioredoxin using ELISA, 1-methyladenosine and 1-methylguanosine using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results were compared with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The performance of the model was estimated in BCLC, CLIP and Okuda staging systems of HCC. RESULTS: The model yielded high performance with an area under ROC (AUC) of 0.94 for predicting HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis, compared with AUC of 0.69 for AFP. This model had AUCs of 0.93, 0.94 and 0.94 in patients who had only one single nodule, absent macrovascular invasion and tumor size <2cm, respectively, compared with AUCs of 0.71, 0.6 and 0.59 for AFP. The model produced AUCs of 0.91 for BCLC (0-A), 0.92 for CLIP (0-1) and 0.94 for Okuda (stage I) compared with AUCs of 0.56, 0.58 and 0.64 for AFP. No significant difference was found between AUC in the estimation and the validation groups. CONCLUSION: This model may enhance early-stage HCC detection and help to overcome insufficient sensitivity of AFP.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangre , Guanosina/análogos & derivados , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangre , Midkina/sangre , Tiorredoxinas/sangre , alfa-Fetoproteínas/metabolismo , Adenosina/sangre , Anciano , Área Bajo la Curva , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Femenino , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Guanosina/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
6.
Biomed Chromatogr ; 34(1): e4713, 2020 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31633807

RESUMEN

Metabolomes are small molecule metabolites (<1000 Da) produced by cellular processes. Metabolomes are close counterparts to the genome, transcriptome and proteome. The aim of this study was to develop a method to detect and quantify candidate nucleoside metabolomes 1-methyl adenosine (1-MA), 1-methylguanosine (1-MG) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the urine of patients with breast cancer using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was applied to urine specimens from patients with breast cancer (n = 56) and benign breast tumors (n = 22), as well as from healthy females (n = 20). The relative standard deviations of precision and repeatability analysis were <10%, and recoveries ranged from 88.5 to 105.6%. Limits of detection were 0.014, 0.012, and 0.018 mg/L for 1-MA, 1-MG and 8-OHdG, respectively. The lower limits of quantitation were 0.056, 0.048 and 0.072 mg/L, respectively. There were significant differences in concentrations of candidate metabolomes between patients with cancer and the healthy individuals, especially for those in the early stages of the disease (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the benign and healthy groups. In conclusion, a reliable GC-MS method for the detection and quantification of 1-MA, 1-MG, and 8-OHdG metabolomes in urine has been developed.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias de la Mama/orina , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Guanosina , Metabolómica/métodos , Adenosina/química , Adenosina/orina , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Femenino , Guanosina/análogos & derivados , Guanosina/química , Guanosina/orina , Humanos , Límite de Detección , Modelos Lineales , Metaboloma/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
7.
Ann Hepatol ; 17(4): 569-576, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29893697

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: The correlation between interleukin-28B (IL-28B) polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) progression is debatable. Here, we aimed to evaluate the relation between IL-28B C/T genotypes and the development of cirrhotic liver. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, FibroScan and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) were used to substantiate the severity of liver disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: IL-28B rs12979860, liver stiffness and ECM proteins were assessed in 272 CHC patients. RESULTS: Cirrhosis percentage increased to 10%, 52% and 96% with the increasing number of T alleles (CC, CT and TT, respectively). Also, elevated ECM proteins levels were correlated with the increasing number of T alleles. Interestingly, among cirrhotic patients, liver stiffness, MELD and ECM proteins were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in patients with TT more than CT genotype. FibroScan, hyaluronic acid, Laminin, Collagen IV and the N-terminal pro-peptide of collagen type III have high accuracy to differentiate liver status in CC from TT genotype. Area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (95% CI) were 1.0 (1.0-1.0), 0.97 (0.96- 1.0), 0.93 (0.85-1.0), 0.98 (0.97-1.0) and 0.93 (0.91-0.97), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that IL-28B T allele affects the natural course of CHC type 4 and also suggests that carriage of the IL-28B C allele protects from unfavorable clinical outcomes in CHC as coexistence of C allele with T allele reduced cirrhosis severity.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/análisis , Hepatitis C Crónica/genética , Hepatitis C Crónica/metabolismo , Interleucinas/genética , Hígado/química , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Egipto , Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Hepatitis C Crónica/diagnóstico , Hepatitis C Crónica/virología , Humanos , Interferones , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/patología , Hígado/virología , Fenotipo , Pronóstico , Factores Protectores , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Regulación hacia Arriba
8.
J Immunoassay Immunochem ; 39(3): 337-347, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29985768

RESUMEN

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an inflammatory marker, elevated in acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), especially in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cases. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic power of MPO in AMI patients. MPO, creatine kinase (CK) MB, and Troponin I (cTn I) were performed for all study patients. Area under the curves (AUCs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); P values of baseline levels of MPO for discriminating AMI patients from noncoronary chest pain (NCCP) patients, stable angina (SA) patients, and unstable angina (UA) patients were 0.91, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99; P < 0.0001, 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.98; P < 0.0001, and 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58-0.85; P = 0.002, respectively. For diagnosing AMI from ACS patients, MPO was the most efficient marker than others markers with efficiency 82.5% within 0-6 hr after the onset time of chest pain. A predictive score that depends on a combination of baseline levels of three markers (MPO, CK-MB, and TnI) was correctly discriminated 91% of the AMI patients with high specificity 76%. In conclusion, the use of baseline levels of three biomarkers in combination could confer the information that is required for best available early diagnosis of AMI.


Asunto(s)
Dolor en el Pecho/diagnóstico , Dolor en el Pecho/enzimología , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Infarto del Miocardio/enzimología , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Dolor en el Pecho/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones
9.
Int J Clin Oncol ; 22(2): 332-339, 2017 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27864623

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Small-sized HCC can be effectively cured by surgery with good clinical outcomes. A highly sensitive HCC α-fetoprotein routine test (HCC-ART) for HCC diagnosis as well as a simplied form of the HCC-ART were reported in the British Journal of Cancer. Here, we verified and studied the applicability of the HCC-ART to the detection of early-stage HCC. METHODS: 341 cirrhotic patients and 318 HCC patients were included in this study. For each, the HCC-ART score was calculated, and then the sensitivity, specificity, and results of an ROC curve analysis were compared between the HCC-ART and AFP when these biomarkers were used to detect small-sized HCC. RESULTS: Different HCC-ART cutoffs were set for the detection of different tumor sizes. The HCC-ART (AUC = 0.871, 70% sensitivity, 97% specificity) and the simplified HCC-ART (AUC = 0.934, 82% sensitivity, 100% specificity) were found to have high predictive power when attempting to separate cirrhotic patients from those with small-sized HCC. The simplified HCC-ART score was superior to AFP for determining stages according to the early Okuda (0.950 AUC, 84% sensitivity, 99% specificity), CLIP (0.945 AUC, 84% sensitivity, 99% specificity), and BCLC (1.000 AUC, 100% sensitivity, 99% specificity) staging systems. The simplified HCC-ART score was more strongly correlated than AFP and other staging systems with HCC tumor size (P < 0.0001; r = 0.8). CONCLUSION: The HCC-ART is superior to AFP for diagnosing early-stage HCC. Due to its advantages of minimal variability and a wide continuous scale for assessing HCC severity, the simplified HCC-ART has the potential to be more widely used than the original HCC-ART.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , alfa-Fetoproteínas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Curva ROC
10.
Br J Biomed Sci ; 74(2): 95-100, 2017 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28367737

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is controversial data in the literature about the characteristics and features of dual hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. This work is concerned with estimating the extent to which HBV could influence circulating levels of hepatitis C viral nonstructural-4 (HCV-NS4) in addition to some direct fibrosis markers in chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: Thirty-eight HCV mono-infected and 87 HCV/HBV co-infected patients constituted this study. Western-blot and ELISA were used for identifying HCV-NS4, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), collagen III and matrixmetalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in patients' sera. RESULTS: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) provided area under curve (AUC) of 0.97 for identifying HBV-patients with 89% sensitivity and 94% specificity, while HCV-NS4 antigen provided an AUC of 0.95 for identifying HCV-patients with 89% sensitivity and absolute specificity (100%). In general, patients with significant fibrosis (F2-F4) showed significantly higher concentration of collagen III (P = 0.009) and lower concentrations of MMP-1 (P = 0.007) when compared to patients with minimal fibrosis (F1). However, HCV/HBV co-infected patients with F1 and F2-F4 did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) from HCV mono-infected patients with respect to HCV-NS4, collagen III and MMP-1. These results indicate that HBV does not influence the rate of HCV-NS4 synthesis and the deposition of extracellular matrix in HCV/HBV co-infected patients and subsequently does not affect the progression rates of hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSION: HCV/HBV co-infected and HCV- mono-infected patients had similar clinical characteristics and there is no effect of HBV co-infection on the progression rates of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients.


Asunto(s)
Coinfección/sangre , Coinfección/virología , Colágeno Tipo III/sangre , Virus de la Hepatitis B/fisiología , Hepatitis B/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/virología , Metaloproteinasa 1 de la Matriz/sangre , Adulto , Biopsia , Femenino , Hepatitis B/virología , Humanos , Hígado/patología , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Masculino , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/metabolismo
11.
Tumour Biol ; 37(9): 12571-12577, 2016 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27380057

RESUMEN

Conflicting results for circulating glypican-3 (GPC3) were reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. We aimed to improve the diagnostic power of GPC3 by developing a GPC-HCC model for diagnosing HCC. GPC3 was tested for HCC (138), liver cirrhosis (56), and fibrosis (62) patients by ELISA. Data from patient groups were retrospectively analyzed. A novel score, GPC-HCC, based on combination of GPC3 and routine laboratory tests, was developed for HCC diagnosis. The GPC-HCC model values produced a significant 1.7-fold increase in liver cirrhosis and 3.2-fold increase in HCC, in comparison with liver fibrosis. In contrast to GPC3 and alpha fetoprotein (AFP), the GPC-HCC model showed high HCC diagnostic power with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.939, sensitivity 93 %, specificity 93 %, positive predictive value 89 %, negative predictive value 95 %, and efficiency 93 %. GPC-HCC AUC in HCC with single tumor, absent vascular invasion, and tumor size ≤3 cm were 0.93, 0.92, and 0.92, respectively, compared with 0.63, 0.63, and 0.64, respectively, for GPC3 and 0.69, 0.70, 0.55, respectively, for AFP. In conclusion, owing to these promising findings, the combination of GPC3 with other laboratory simple routine tests (GPC-HCC model) could improve the diagnostic power of GPC3 in HCC screening and follow up of cirrhotic patients.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Glipicanos/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Bilirrubina/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisis
12.
J Immunoassay Immunochem ; 37(3): 273-88, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26685049

RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and develop a predictive score to improve the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AGP and CRP were measured in serum of 53 HCC patients and 20 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, in addition to 15 healthy individuals. Area under receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) was used to create a predictive score comprising AGP, CRP, alpha fetoprotein, and albumin. The diagnostic performances of score was determined and compared with AFP alone for the diagnosis of HCC. The combination of AGP, albumin, CRP, and AFP had AUC 0.92 and sensitivity 85% which was higher than AFP alone. The odds ratio of having HCC was 8.4 for AGP, 5.8 for CRP, 12.5 for AFP and 6.5 for albumin. Our score predicted HCC with an OR of 50.6 for HCC. The AUC of score in HCC with single tumor, absent vascular invasion and CLIP score (0-1) were 0.9, 0.9, 0.82, respectively, compared with 0.71, 0.71, 0.68, respectively, for AFP. In conclusion, a non-invasive and simple score based on AGP, CRP, AFP, and albumin could improve the accuracy of HCC diagnosis.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Hepatitis C/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Orosomucoide/análisis , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Hepatitis C/sangre , Hepatitis C/complicaciones , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven
13.
J Immunoassay Immunochem ; 37(3): 316-30, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26745203

RESUMEN

The goal of this study was to determine the levels of S. mansoni antigen in different liver fibrosis stages with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) Egyptian patients. A total of 174 CHC patients showing HCV-NS4 antigen and HCV- RNA in their sera were included. S. mansoni antigen was detected in serum using Western blot and ELISA. The levels of interferon-γ (IFN- γ) were determined using ELISA. The 50 kDa S. mansoni antigen discriminated patients infected with S. mansoni from healthy individuals with 0.93 area under curve (AUC), 92% sensitivity, and 97% specificity. The level of S. mansoni antigen (µg/ml) was significantly (P < 0.0001) increased with the progression of liver fibrosis stages (26.9 ± 17.5 in F1, 42.1 ± 25.2 in F2, 49.8 ± 30.3 in F3 and 62.2 ± 26.3 µg/mL in F4 liver cirrhosis), 26.9 ± 17.59 in significant fibrosis (F2-F4); 51.2 ± 27.9 in advanced fibrosis (F3-F4). A significant correlation (r = 0.506; P < 0.0001) was shown between the levels of the S. mansoni antigen and the HCV-NS4 antigen. In conclusion, the presence of S. mansoni antigen in different liver fibrosis stages of CHC patients confirming that concomitant schistosome infection aggravates liver disease.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos Helmínticos/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/inmunología , Schistosoma mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/inmunología , Adulto , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Reacciones Antígeno-Anticuerpo , Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Western Blotting , Egipto , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Hepatitis C Crónica/inmunología , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/parasitología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Schistosoma mansoni/aislamiento & purificación , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/sangre , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/parasitología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto Joven
14.
J Immunoassay Immunochem ; 37(6): 597-610, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27093468

RESUMEN

The relation between interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels and the severity of liver diseases through fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully clarified. Thus, we aimed to characterize IFN-γ levels in liver-diseased patients. IFN-γ levels were determined by Western-blot and ELISA in sera from 30 healthy individuals, 53 patients with non-significant fibrosis (F0-F1), 47 with moderate/severe fibrosis (F2-F3), 44 cirrhotic patients (F4), and 50 with HCC. Enhanced levels of IFN-γ were associated with the progression of liver disease. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.0001) when patients with F2-F3, F4, or HCC were compared with F0-F1 or healthy controls. The increase in IFN-γ was associated with HCC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, P = 0.002). There was no statistically significant association between IFN-γ levels and HCV-RNA (IU/ml) (r = 0.1, P = 0.43) or HCV-NS4 (µg/mL) (r = 0.1, P = 0.17). There was significant (P < 0.0001) association between IFN-γ levels and the fibrosis stages and activity, albumin, platelet count, total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio (INR). In conclusion, elevated concentrations of IFN-γ represent a characteristic feature of liver disease severity regardless of underlying disease. Significant correlations with indices of hepatic dysfunction suggest that enhanced IFN-γ levels represent a consequence of liver dysfunction rather than of inflammatory disease.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangre , Fibrosis/sangre , Interferón gamma/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangre , Adulto , Western Blotting , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
15.
Pharm Dev Technol ; 21(3): 379-86, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25567143

RESUMEN

Despite all scientists efforts exerted over the past years, the ocular delivery of drugs remains a great challenge due to several barriers and hurdles faced by this kind of administration. The exploitation of gelatin that has a long history of safe use in pharmaceuticals and which is considered as a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) material by the FDA was not fully achieved in this field. This review summarizes the recent studies and findings where gelatin-based micro- and nanoparticles were used for successful ocular delivery aiming at drawing the attention of researchers and scientists to this valuable biomaterial that has not been fully explored.


Asunto(s)
Ojo/efectos de los fármacos , Gelatina/administración & dosificación , Gelatina/química , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/administración & dosificación , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Humanos
16.
Tumour Biol ; 36(10): 7667-74, 2015 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25929809

RESUMEN

Currently, the search for suitable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers is very intensive. Besides, efficacy and cost/effectiveness of screening and surveillance of cirrhotics for the diagnosis of HCC is still debated. So, the present study is concerned with the evaluation of cytokeratin-1 (CK-1) and nuclear matrix protein-52 (NMP-52) for identifying HCC. Two-hundred and eighty individuals categorized into three groups [liver fibrosis (F1-F3), cirrhosis (F4), and HCC] constituted this study. Western blot was used for identifying CK-1 and NMP-52 in serum samples. As a result, a single immunoreactive band was shown at 67 and 52 kDa corresponding to CK-1 and NMP-52, respectively. Both CK-1 and NMP-52 bands were cut and electroeluted separately. These markers were quantified in sera using ELISA. Patients with HCC were associated with higher concentrations of CK-1 and NMP-52 than those without HCC with a significant difference (P < 0.0001). CK-1 showed an area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83 with 75 % sensitivity and 82 % specificity while NMP-52 yielded 0.72 AUC with 62 % sensitivity and 70 % specificity for identifying HCC. HCC-DETECT comprising CK-1 and NMP-52 together with AFP was then constructed yielding 0.90 AUC for identifying HCC with 80 % sensitivity and 92 % specificity. HCC-DETECT was then tested for separating HCC from F1-F3 showing 0.94 AUC with 80 % sensitivity and 93 % specificity. In conclusion, CK-1 in conjunction with NMP-52 and AFP could have a potential role for improving the detection of HCC with a high degree of accuracy.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Adulto , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Queratinas/metabolismo , Cirrosis Hepática/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Asociadas a Matriz Nuclear/metabolismo , Curva ROC , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
17.
Ann Hepatol ; 14(2): 225-33, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25671832

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY: The assessment of liver fibrosis provides useful information not only for diagnosis but also for therapeutic decision. This study was concerned with determining the levels of collagen III and its degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) as direct and complementary markers for liver fibrosis staging. RESULTS: A total of 269 chronic hepatitis C patients constituted this study. Western blotting was used for identifying collagen III and MMP-1 in serum samples. As a result, collagen III and MMP-1 were identified, respectively, at 70 and 245 kDa using their respective mono-specific antibodies. These two markers were quantified in sera of patients using ELISA. Next, Fibro-check was constructed combining collagen III and MMP-1 together with other indirect markers which reflect alteration in hepatic functions that proved useful to stage liver fibrosis. Fibro-check produced area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.91 and 0.83 for significant (F2-F4) and cirrhosis (F4), respectively. Additionally, we estimated the performance of Fibro-check in comparison with aspartate to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis index. Fibro-check seems to be more efficient than both of them. Fibro-check was then applied to the validation study to test its accuracy and reproducibility showing AUCs 0.90 for F2-F4 and 0.86 for F4. CONCLUSIONS: Fibro-check combining 'direct' and 'indirect' markers using a mathematical formula may improve the staging of liver fibrosis with a high degree of accuracy and seems more efficient than APRI and Fibrosis index in this group of Egyptian patients.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo III/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/diagnóstico , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Función Hepática/métodos , Metaloproteinasa 1 de la Matriz/sangre , Adulto , Área Bajo la Curva , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biopsia , Pruebas Enzimáticas Clínicas , Egipto , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Hepatitis C Crónica/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/virología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuento de Plaquetas , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Curva ROC , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
18.
Ann Hepatol ; 14(6): 869-80, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26436359

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: Background and rationale for the study. Continuing search for suitable tumor-markers is of clinical value in managing patients with various malignancies. These markers may be presented as intracellular substances in tissues or may be released into the circulation and appear in serum. Therefore, this work is concerned with identification and quantitative determination of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and fibronectin and estimating their performances as surrogate markers for identifying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RESULTS: A total of 627 individuals constituted this study [fibrosis (F1-F3) = 217; cirrhosis = 191; HCC = 219]. Western-blot was used for identifying EMA and fibronectin in sera. As a result, a single immunoreactive band was shown at 130-kDa and 90-kDa corresponding to EMA and fibronectin, respectively. They were quantified using ELISA providing values in HCC higher than fibrosis or cirrhosis with a significant difference (P < 0.0001). For identifying HCC, EMA showed 0.82 area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) with sensitivity = 70% and specificity = 78% while fibronectin yielded AUC = 0.70 with sensitivity = 67% and specificity = 82%. FEBA-Test comprising fibronectin and EMA together with total-bilirubin and AFP was constructed yielding AUC = 0.92 for identifying HCC from cirrhosis with sensitivity = 89% and specificity = 85%. FEBA-Test was then tested for differentiating HCC from fibrosis showing AUC = 0.97 with sensitivity = 90% and specificity = 89%. FEBA-Test enabled the correct identification of HCC patients with CLIP 0-1 and size ≤ 3 cm with AUC = 0.80 and AUC = 0.84, respectively, indicating its ability in identifying early HCC. CONCLUSIONS: A four-marker index may improve the early detection of HCC with a high degree of accuracy.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangre , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Fibronectinas/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangre , Mucina-1/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Área Bajo la Curva , Bilirrubina/sangre , Western Blotting , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Curva ROC , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisis
19.
Implant Dent ; 24(2): 185-91, 2015 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25706268

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate of short implants that were placed in a residency program. In addition, the potential influence of diabetes, smoking, sinus grafting, guided bone regeneration, and implant type on survival was analyzed. METHODS: Through a retrospective chart review, patient information and parameters for short implants being equal or less than 10 mm and regular implants being more than 10 mm were collected. The cumulative survival rate and implant and patient information from 213 consecutively placed implants from May 2002 through October 2011 were analyzed. RESULTS: The average survival time for short implants was 47.3 months, with a range of 6 to 141 months. The implant survival rate was 95.77% for short implants, which was not statistically significant from the regular implants. Smoking had a statistically significant negative effect on the survival rate of short implants. No statistical differences were found with implant survival rates for other factors. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that short implants can be predictably placed in the mouth with a high survival rate and that smoking has a negative influence on the survival rate of the short implants.


Asunto(s)
Implantación Dental Endoósea , Implantación Dental Endoósea/métodos , Fracaso de la Restauración Dental , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fumar/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo
20.
Tumour Biol ; 35(11): 10737-45, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25073515

RESUMEN

Immunohistochemical studies proved that the presence of breast cancer (BrCa) is accompanied by elevated levels of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and decreased levels of cytokeratin-1 (CK1). We, therefore, hypothesize that the serum EMA/CK1 ratio may serve as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of breast cancer. The circulating levels of EMA and CK1 were determined by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from 102 women with BrCa and 90 women as controls (40 with benign breast disease and 50 healthy). EMA at 130 kDa and CK1 at 67 kDa were identified, purified, and quantified in sera of BrCa patients using ELISA. EMA/CK1 ratio values were found to discriminate BrCa patients from controls (P < 0.0001) with high diagnostic ability (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.901, sensitivity = 82, specificity = 76). The sensitivity and specificity for early-stage (≤ T2) BrCa were 72 and 76%, respectively. The ratio values of patients with late-stage (>T2) tumors were significantly higher than those of patients with early-stage (≤ T2) tumors. Moreover, higher grades (grades 2-3) were associated with higher values than grade 1 tumors. AUC values in different BrCa patients who had early stage, low grade, or size ≤ 2 cm were 0.855, 0.762, and 0.839, respectively. AUC values of patients with positive lymph node or positive distant metastasis were 0.907 and 0.913, respectively. We show for the first time the impact of serum EMA and CK1 ratio in BrCa detection. Differential EMA/CK1 values may serve as a diagnostic marker in early-stage breast cancer patients.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/sangre , Carcinoma Lobular/sangre , Queratinas/sangre , Mucina-1/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Área Bajo la Curva , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patología , Carcinoma Lobular/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Cohortes , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Curva ROC , Adulto Joven
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