RESUMEN
In this work, we report the structural analysis of Cu+ and Cu2+ ions in zeolite as a nanoreactor with antibacterial applications. A simple one-step process was implemented to obtain Cu ions in zeolite A (ZA4) by controlling the temperature in the solutions to guarantee the ions' stability. Samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, showing the characteristic zeolite elements as well as the characteristic bands with slight modifications in the chemical environment of the zeolite nanoreactor attributed to Cu ions by FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, a shift of the characteristic peaks of ZA4 in X-ray diffraction was observed as well as a decrease in relative peak intensity. On the other hand, the antibacterial activity of Cu ions in the zeolite nanoreactor was evaluated.
RESUMEN
The effect of proton pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori infection on the bioavailability of antibiotics is poorly understood. We determined the effects of 5-day oral administration of 60 mg lansoprazole on the bioavailability of clarithromycin in individuals with and without H. pylori infection. Thirteen H. pylori-infected and 10 non-infected healthy volunteers were enrolled in a study with an open-randomized two-period crossover design and a 21-day washout period between phases. Plasma concentrations of clarithromycin in subjects with and without lansoprazole pre-treatment were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Clarithromycin Cmax and AUC0-10 h were significantly reduced after lansoprazole administration. In addition, lansoprazole treatment of the H. pylori-positive group resulted in a statistically significant greater reduction in Cmax (40 vs 15%) and AUC0-10 h (30 vs 10%) compared to lansoprazole-treated H. pylori-negative subjects. Thus, treatment with lansoprazole for 5 days reduced bioavailability of clarithromycin, irrespective of H. pylori status. This reduction, however, was even more pronounced in H. pylori-infected individuals.
Asunto(s)
2-Piridinilmetilsulfinilbencimidazoles/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antiulcerosos/administración & dosificación , Claritromicina/farmacocinética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Área Bajo la Curva , Disponibilidad Biológica , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Claritromicina/uso terapéutico , Estudios Cruzados , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Humanos , Lansoprazol , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effects of proton pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori infection on the distribution of drugs used for the eradication of the bacteria are poorly understood. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 7-day administration of 20 mg of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and ampicillin in the plasma, saliva and gastric juice of individuals with and without H. pylori infection. METHODS: Fifty-four healthy volunteers without endoscopic lesions were enrolled. Twenty-six volunteers were included in the amoxicillin study and 28 individuals in the ampicillin study. Each study had an open randomized two-period crossover design and a 21-day washout period between phases. Plasma, saliva and gastric juice concentrations of amoxicillin and ampicillin in subjects with and without omeprazole pre-treatment were measured by reversed-phase HPLC using UV detection. RESULTS: Neither pre-treatment with omeprazole nor H. pylori infection interfered with the plasma bioavailability of amoxicillin or ampicillin, as assessed by the AUC0-2 h. Neither ampicillin nor amoxicillin were detected in saliva or gastric juice in any study phase. CONCLUSION: Short-term treatment with omeprazole does not interfere with the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin or ampicillin. Our results also exclude the presence of a transfer mechanism for amoxicillin or ampicillin from the plasma to the gastric lumen.
Asunto(s)
Amoxicilina/farmacocinética , Ampicilina/farmacocinética , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidad , Omeprazol/farmacología , Penicilinas/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones , Adulto , Amoxicilina/administración & dosificación , Ampicilina/administración & dosificación , Área Bajo la Curva , Disponibilidad Biológica , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Jugo Gástrico/química , Humanos , Masculino , Penicilinas/administración & dosificación , Saliva/químicaRESUMEN
A case of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to an ulcer within a Zenker's diverticulum is presented. The possible causes of the bleeding have been discussed, but the topical effect of aspirin intake appears to be the cause of bleeding in this case.
Asunto(s)
Divertículo/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Esófago/complicaciones , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Enfermedades Faríngeas/complicaciones , Aspirina/efectos adversos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Resina de Colestiramina/uso terapéutico , Gastritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndromes Posgastrectomía/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Bilis , Endoscopía , Esofagitis/complicaciones , Gastrectomía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes Posgastrectomía/diagnóstico , VagotomíaRESUMEN
AIMS: The administration of omeprazole may interfere with the absorption of orally administered drugs by reducing gastric pH and hence tablet dissolution. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 5 day administration of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of furazolidone. METHODS: Eighteen healthy (nine male and nine female) volunteers were selected. The study had an open randomized two-period crossover design with a 21 day washout period between the phases. Serum concentrations of furazolidone were measured by reversed-phase h.p.l.c. with ultraviolet detection. RESULTS: Administration of omeprazole caused a significant reduction of Cmax [0.34 microg x ml(-1) (range 0.25-0.43) vs 0.24 microg x ml(-1) (range 0.15-0.34)] with no significant delay in absorption tmax [2.5 h (range 1.85-3.0) vs 2.4 h (range 2.06-2.71)]. CONCLUSIONS: Furazolidone was rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Short-term treatment with omeprazole did alter the relative bioavailability of this drug, probably through an effect on absorption kinetics or first-pass metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antiulcerosos/uso terapéutico , Furazolidona/farmacocinética , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Omeprazol/uso terapéutico , Administración Oral , Adulto , Antibacterianos/sangre , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Disponibilidad Biológica , Estudios Cruzados , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Furazolidona/sangre , Furazolidona/uso terapéutico , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effects of proton-pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori infection on the distribution of drugs employed for the eradication of H. pylori are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 7-day oral administration of 20 mg omeprazole on the distribution of clarithromycin in the gastric juice of individuals with H. pylori infection. METHODS: Eighteen H. pylori-infected dyspeptic male volunteers without endoscopic lesions were enrolled in a study with an open, randomized, two-period crossover design and a 21-day washout period between phases. Plasma and gastric juice concentrations of clarithromycin in subjects with and without omeprazole pretreatment were measured by means of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The maximum concentration of clarithromycin (Cmax) and the area under the time-concentration curve from 0 to 2 h (AUC0-2h) were significantly higher in gastric juice than in plasma. Omeprazole treatment further augmented clarithromycin Cmax and AUC0-2h in gastric juice approximately 2-fold (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term treatment with omeprazole in H. pylori-positive volunteers increases the amount of clarithromycin transferred to the gastric juice, confirming a synergism between these drugs. Our results suggest the presence of an active transport mechanism for clarithromycin from plasma to the gastric lumen, which is influenced by omeprazole.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Claritromicina/farmacocinética , Jugo Gástrico/química , Infecciones por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Helicobacter pylori , Omeprazol/farmacología , Adulto , Transporte Biológico Activo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Estudios Cruzados , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The effect of proton pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori infection on the bioavailability of antibiotics is poorly understood. We determined the effects of 5-day oral administration of 60 mg lansoprazole on the bioavailability of clarithromycin in individuals with and without H. pylori infection. Thirteen H. pylori-infected and 10 non-infected healthy volunteers were enrolled in a study with an open-randomized two-period crossover design and a 21-day washout period between phases. Plasma concentrations of clarithromycin in subjects with and without lansoprazole pre-treatment were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Clarithromycin Cmax and AUC0-10 h were significantly reduced after lansoprazole administration. In addition, lansoprazole treatment of the H. pylori-positive group resulted in a statistically significant greater reduction in Cmax (40 vs 15 percent) and AUC0-10 h (30 vs 10 percent) compared to lansoprazole-treated H. pylori-negative subjects. Thus, treatment with lansoprazole for 5 days reduced bioavailability of clarithromycin, irrespective of H. pylori status. This reduction, however, was even more pronounced in H. pylori-infected individuals.