RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) has been widely reported with many brain tumors, especially with glioma. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining minimal permeability, any alteration in the interaction of BBB components, specifically in astrocytes and tight junctions (TJ), can result in disrupting the homeostasis of the BBB and making it severely leaky, which subsequently generates edema. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the functional gliovascular unit of the BBB by examining changes in the expression of claudin (CLDN) genes and the expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) membrane channels, additionally to define the correlation between their expressions. The evaluation was conducted using in vitro spheroid swelling models and tumor samples from glioma patients with PTBE. RESULTS: The results of the spheroid model showed that the genes TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, and TRPV1 were upregulated in glioma cells either wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or the IDH1 R132H mutant, with or without NaCl treatment. Furthermore, TRP genes appeared to adversely correlate with the up regulation of CLDN1, CLDN3, and CLDN5 genes. Besides, the upregulation of TRPC1 and TRPC4 in IDH1mt-R132H glioma cells. On the other hand, the correlation analysis revealed different correlations between different proteins in PTBE. CLDN1 exhibits a slight positive correlation with CLDN3. Similarly, TRPV1 displays a slight positive correlation with TRPC1. In contrast, TRPC4 shows a slight negative correlation with TRPC5. On the other hand, TRPC3 demonstrates a slight positive correlation with TRPC5, while the non-PTBE analysis highlights a moderate positive correlation between CLDN1 and TRPM4 while CLDN3 exhibits a moderate negative correlation with TRPC4. Additionally, CLDN5 demonstrates a slight negative correlation with TRPC4 but a moderate positive correlation with TRPC3. Furthermore, TRPC1 have a slight negative correlation with TRPV1, TRPC3 exhibiting a slight positive correlation with TRPC4, and TRPV1 showing a slight negative correlation with TRPC5. CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, the current study provided evidence of a slight negative correlation between TRPs and CLDN gene expression in PTBE patients and confirmatory results with some of the genes in cell model of edema.
Asunto(s)
Edema Encefálico , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Claudina-5 , Glioma , Humanos , Edema Encefálico/genética , Edema Encefálico/metabolismo , Edema Encefálico/patología , Glioma/genética , Glioma/metabolismo , Glioma/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Claudina-5/genética , Claudina-5/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Claudina-3/genética , Claudina-3/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/genética , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/metabolismo , Isocitrato Deshidrogenasa/genética , Isocitrato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Claudina-1/genética , Claudina-1/metabolismo , Claudinas/genética , Claudinas/metabolismo , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/genética , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/metabolismo , MasculinoRESUMEN
AIM: To analyze the demographic and clinical data of preterm or low birth weight newborns with periventricular hemorrhage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a Bahcesehir University School of Medicine-Affiliated Hospital due to preterm birth or low birth weight between June 1, 2012, and April 30, 2021. Categorical values were evaluated by Pearson chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The Mann-Whitney U test compared continuous values between the groups. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors that affected permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. RESULTS: The study finally evaluated 180 newborns. Ninety-one newborns (50.5%) had grade I, 18 (10%) had grade II, 22 (12.2%) had grade III, and 49 (27.2%) had grade IV hemorrhage. One hundred and forty-nine patients (82.8%) were delivered by cesarean section, and 31 (17.2%) were delivered vaginally. All patients with low-grade hemorrhage who needed temporary CSF diversion eventually required permanent CSF diversion. For high-grade hemorrhage, 15 (grade III, 1; grade IV, 14) of 51 (29.4%) patients with ventricular access device (VAD) insertion required permanent CSF diversion. Fifteen (grade III, 6; grade IV, 9) of these 51 (29.4%) patients did not need permanent CSF diversion; thus, their VADs were removed. CONCLUSION: The permanent CSF diversion rate was significantly higher in the high-grade hemorrhage group, which had significantly lower weight and gestational age at birth. Moreover, only weight at VAD insertion had minimal effect on the need for permanent CSF diversion.