New coumarin derivatives: design, synthesis and use as inhibitors of hMAO.

A series new 2H-chromene-3-carboxamides (4a-4i) and S-2H-chromene-3-carbothioates (5j-5t) were synthesized and evaluated as monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors. Among them, compound 5k (IC50=0.21µM, IC50 iproniazid=7.65µM) showed the most activity and higher MAO-B selectivity (189.2-fold vs 1-fold) with respect to the MAO-A isoform. The need to clarify at a 3D level some important molecular aspects of discussed SAR, we undertaked a number of docking simulations to better assess. The steric effect was analyzed interms of both posing and scoring by investigating the nature of the binding interactions. The docking results of active compound 5k with hMAO-B complex indicated that conserved residue ILE 199 was important for ligand binding via Sigma-Pi interaction.

First and second instar larvae and adults of a new Homidia species (Collembola, Entomobryidae) recorded from Xizang Autonomous Region with three new records.

Three new recorded species of genus Homidia were collected from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, in the present paper. Among them, a new species, Homidiabreviseta Pan, sp. nov., is included in the present paper. This new species can be identified by having a single uninterrupted dark band on central thoracic segment III; 14 macrochaetae on abdominal segment I and seven on the posterior central abdominal segment IV (half segment); and very short bothriotricha on abdominal segments II-IV. It can be easily discriminated from similar species of Homidia by its colour pattern, chaetotaxy of the labium, and abdominal segments I and IV. The chaetotaxy of the first and second instar larvae of this new species and a key to four species of genus Homidia from Xizang are also provided.

Two new species of Homidia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Eastern China.

Two new species of Homidia are described from Eastern China: H. hangzhouensis sp. nov. and H. wanensis sp. nov. The former is characterised by smooth chaetae e and l1 on labial base, two irregular transverse stripes on Abd. IV, absence of blue pigment on Ant. I-II and Abd. I-II and presence on Ant. III-IV, 7-9 macrochaetae on Abd. IV posteriorly and 24-34 smooth inner spines on dens. The latter can be identified by reduced blue body pigment, smooth chaeta e on labial base and having some posterior labial chaetae modified, appearing leaflike, 8-9 macrochaetae on Abd. IV posteriorly and 83 smooth inner spines on dens.

Homology of labial chaetae in Entomobryoidea (Collembola).

The labium in Collembola consists of three parts (Folsom 1899): labial palp, basomedian (submentum) and basolateral (mentum) fields. Labial chaetotaxy, i.e. number, nature and relative position of chaetae, has been one of the standard descriptive components for species diagnoses in Entomobryoidea. Labial palp, including labial papillae, guard chaetae and proximal chaetae, has been well investigated across major collembolan lineages by Fjellberg (1999). For the chaetae behind the labial palp (mentum and submentum, Figs 1‒2) in Entomobryoidea, Gisin (1964) introduced the nomenclature of a1‒a5 for the anterior row and M1M2rEL1L2 for the posterior row in Lepidocyrtus; the lowercase letter r represented a smaller chaeta between M and E. Later, Gisin (1967) applied this system to Pseudosinella but defined uppercase and lowercase letters as ciliate and smooth chaetae, respectively. Chen Christiansen (1993) mostly followed Gisin's nomenclature but named the anterior row as A, B, C, D and F. When there was more than one chaeta inner to R, M-series, they were designated as M1, M2, Ms (supplementary) etc. Smooth chaeta r was sometimes named as 'v' (vestigial) in Lepidocyrtinae when it was very tiny. Because the degree of plurichaetosis on submentum greatly differs among Entomobryoidea species, homology of basomedian chaetae may be incorrectly recognized in adults. In this study, we observed labial chaetotaxy (guard chaetae of labial palp excluded) of early instars in twenty species, clarified their homologies and unified the nomenclature systems.

Reports of two peculiar pigmented new species of genus Homidia (Collembola: Entomobyridae) from Southern China, with description of subadults chaetotaxy.

Two new species with peculiar pigmentation of the genus Homidia from Guangdong Province, Southern China are described here, Homidia chroma sp. nov. and Homidia leniseta sp. nov. H. chroma is characterized by chrome pigmentation on lateral side of terga, two macrochaetae on medial abdominal segment (Abd.) III and six macrochaetae on postero-medial Abd. IV, up to 68 sensory chaetae present on Abd. IV, and five apical smooth chaetae on posterior face of ventral tube. H. leniseta is easily identified by unique colour pattern, smooth labial chaetae l2, G1-4 and H1-3, and short trichobothria on Abd. II-IV. Illustrations of adults of this two new species, chaetotaxy of the first instar larvae of H. chroma and subadults of H. leniseta are provided herein.

Close relationship between the genera Sinhomidia and Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae) revealed by adult and first instar characters, with description of a new Sinhomidia species.

A third species of the genus Sinhomidia is described from South China: S. uniseta sp. nov. This new species can be distinguished from the two other species of the genus by the following characters: colour pattern, single labial chaeta M, chaetotaxy on terga and ventral tube, unguis with three inner teeth, and 15 clypeal ciliated chaetae. Also, the chaetotaxy of the first instar of Sinhomidia is described for the first time in the present paper, and confirms the close relationship between Sinhomidia and Homidia. A key to species of Sinhomidia is provided.

Two new species of Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae) and a key to species in the genus from Zhejiang Province, China.

Two new species of Homidia are described from Yandang Mountain, China: H. yandangensis sp. nov. and H. quadrimaculata sp. nov. The new species are diagnosed by their unique colour patterns, the number of macrochaetae on areas A8-10 of abdominal segment IV, the relative position of specialised microchaetae/specialised ordinary chaetae on abdominal segment I and specialised ordinary chaetae/macrochaeta m3 on abdominal segment V. Specimens from two localities of H. yandangensis sp. nov. differ in the macrochaeta a5 on area A9 of abdominal segment IV. Descriptions of the subadult dorsal thoracic and abdominal chaetotaxy of H. yandangensis sp. nov. and a key to species of Homidia from Zhejiang Province are provided here.

Two closely related Homidia species (Entomobryidae, Collembola) revealed by morphological and molecular evidence.

Two closely related Homidia species, H. fascia Wang & Chen, 2001 and H. pseudofascia sp. nov., are recognized by both morphological and molecular approaches. Both species have minor morphological differences except distinct colour patterns on thorax. Genetic distances (18%) of COI barcodes between them greatly exceed commonly employed threshold (3%), also indicating two independent species. The use of colour pattern in taxonomy of Homidia is also discussed.

New 2H-chromene-3-carboxamide derivatives: design, synthesis and use as inhibitors of hMAO.

A series new 2H-chromene-3-carboxamide derivatives 4a-4t were synthesized and evaluated as monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) inhibitors. Among them, compound 4d (IC50 = 0.93 µM, IC(50 iproniazid) = 7.80 µM) showed the most activity and higher MAO-B selectivity (64.5-fold vs. 1-fold) with respect to the MAO-A isoform. The active compound 4d was also docked into the hMAO-B complex structure active site to determine the probable binding model. The results indicated that conserved residue CYSA 172 was important for ligand binding via hydrogen bond interaction, Pi-Pi interaction was found between the benzene-ring of compound 4d and residue ILEA 199.

Two new species of Entomobryidae (Collembola) of Taibai Mountain from China.

Taibai Mountain is the highest peak of Qinling Mountain Ridge, a climate and geographical demarcation of the southern and northern China. Collembolan species of family Entomobryidae are reported from this region for the first time in this paper. Two new species, Homidia taibaiensis sp. n. and Sinella triseta sp. n. of Entomobryinae are described. Illustrations and differences with similar species are provided.

First record of Acrocyrtus Yosii, 1959 (Collemobla, Entomobryidae) from Chinese mainland.

The genus Acrocrytus is reported from Chinese mainland for the first time, with description of two new species Acrocyrtus zhujiensis sp. n. and Acrocyrtus finis sp. n. from Zhejiang Province, East China. They can be separated from other species of this genus by colour pattern, unscaled appendages (antennae, legs and ventral tube), interocular chaetae, labial basal chaetae, bothriotrichal complex chaetae on Abd. II-IV, microchaeta a2 on Abd. II, im on Abd. III and C1p on Abd. IV. Illustrations and a table showing main differences with closest Acrocyrtus species are provided.

New species of Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from eastern China with description of the first instar larvae.

Morphology of the first instar larvae of Collembola has considerably taxonomical and phylogenetic significance. We describe the first instar larvae for the first time in Homidia. External morphology of first instar larvae and adults of Homidia jordanai sp. n. is described based on observations under light and scanning electron microscopes. Most organs of adults bear considerably more setae than the first instar larvae; in addition, first instar larval Homidia lack labial seta R, seta on tenaculum, mucronal spine, and dental spines. The new species is characterized by weakly pigmented body, long antennae subequal to body in length, 1+1 inner macrochaetae on Abd. III, few inner macrochaetae on posterior Abd. IV, and spiny and short seta pi on dental base. Differences between new species and other two similar ones, taxonomical significance of the first instar larvae and the position of Homidia are also discussed.