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BACKGROUND: Although polymyxin has been used as a last-resort antibiotic against resistant bacteria, its use is restricted due to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. While the present antibiotic resistance issue compels clinicians to reconsider polymyxin use in severe illness cases, polymyxin-resistant microorganisms exert an effect. OBJECTIVES: To address the issue of antibiotic resistance, the cycle of developing new antibiotics to counteract emerging resistance must be discontinued. Here we tried to develop novel therapies that do not rely on direct antimicrobial activity and thus do not promote antibiotic resistance. METHODS: By a high-throughout screening system based on bacterial respiration, chemical compounds accelerating the antimicrobial effects of polymyxin B were screened. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed to validate adjuvanticity. In addition, membrane depolarization and total transcriptome analysis were used to determine molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: PA108, a newly discovered chemical compound, was used to eradicate polymyxin-resistant A. baumannii and three other species in the presence of polymyxin B at concentrations less than the MIC. Since this molecule lacks self-bactericidal action, we hypothesized that PA108 acts as an antibiotic adjuvant, enhancing the antimicrobial activity of polymyxin B against resistant bacteria. At working concentrations, no toxicity was observed in cell lines or mice, although co-treatment with PA108 and polymyxin B increased survival of infected mouse and decreased bacterial loads in organs. CONCLUSIONS: Boosting antibiotic efficiency through the use of antibiotic adjuvants holds significant promise for tackling the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance.
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Acinetobacter baumannii , Polimixina B , Animales , Ratones , Polimixina B/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Polimixinas/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Risk assessment in cancer genetic counseling is essential in identifying individuals at high risk for developing breast cancer to recommend appropriate screening and management options. Historically, many breast cancer risk prediction models were developed to calculate an individual's risk to develop breast cancer or to carry a pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. However, how or when genetic counselors use these models in clinical settings is currently unknown. We explored genetic counselors' breast cancer risk model usage patterns including frequency of use, reasons for using or not using models, and change in usage since the adoption of multi-gene panel testing. An online survey was developed and sent to members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors; board-certified genetic counselors whose practice included cancer genetic counseling were eligible to participate in the study. The response rate was estimated at 23% (243/1,058), and respondents were predominantly working in the United States. The results showed that 93% of all respondents use at least one breast cancer risk prediction model in their clinical practice. Among the six risk models selected for the study, the Tyrer-Cuzick (IBIS) model was used most frequently (95%), and the BOADICEA model was used least (40%). Determining increased or decreased surveillance and breast MRI eligibility were the two most common reasons for most model usage, while time consumption and difficulty in navigation were the two most common reasons for not using models. This study provides insight into perceived benefits and limitations of risk models in clinical use in the United States, which may be useful information for software developers, genetic counseling program curriculum developers, and currently practicing cancer genetic counselors.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Consejeros , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Consejo , Consejeros/psicología , Femenino , Genes BRCA2 , Asesoramiento Genético/psicología , Pruebas Genéticas , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: There is limited evidence whether environmental exposure to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) affects insulin resistance (IR) and whether vitamin C intake protects against the adverse effect of PFCs. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of PFCs on IR through oxidative stress, and the effects of a 4-week consumption of vitamin C supplement compared placebo on development of IR by PFCs. METHODS: For a double-blind, community-based, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover intervention of vitamin C, we assigned 141 elderly subjects to both vitamin C and placebo treatments for 4 weeks. We measured serum levels of PFCs to estimate PFC exposures and urinary levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) for oxidative stress. We also measured levels of fasting glucose and insulin and derived the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index to assess IR. RESULTS: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) levels were found to be positively associated with HOMA index at the baseline and after placebo treatment. Risks of IR for the top decile of PFOS and PFDoDA exposures were significantly elevated compared with those with lower PFOS and PFDoDA exposures (both, P < 0.0001). However, the effects of PFOS and PFDoDA on HOMA disappeared after vitamin C supplementation (both, P > 0.30). Furthermore, PFOS and PFDoDA levels were also significantly associated with MDA and 8-OHdG levels, and MDA levels were positively associated with HOMA index. CONCLUSION: PFOS and PFDoDA exposures were positively associated with IR and oxidative stress, and vitamin C supplementation protected against the adverse effects of PFOS and PFDoDA on IR.
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Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Caprilatos/toxicidad , Fluorocarburos/toxicidad , Resistencia a la Insulina , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pueblo Asiatico , Biomarcadores/orina , Glucemia/metabolismo , Cotinina/orina , Creatinina/orina , Estudios Cruzados , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/orina , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Malondialdehído/orina , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , República de CoreaRESUMEN
The association between temperature (cold or heat) and cardiovascular mortality has been well documented. However, few studies have investigated the underlying mechanism of the cold or heat effect. The main goal of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on dehydration markers and to explain the pathophysiological disturbances caused by changes of temperature. We investigated the relationship between outdoor temperature and dehydration markers (blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio, urine specific gravity, plasma tonicity and haematocrit) in 43,549 adults from Seoul, South Korea, during 1995-2008. We used piece-wise linear regression to find the flexion point of apparent temperature and estimate the effects below or above the apparent temperature. Levels of dehydration markers decreased linearly with an increase in the apparent temperature until a point between 22 and 27 °C, which was regarded as the flexion point of apparent temperature, and then increased with apparent temperature. Because the associations between temperature and cardiovascular mortality are known to be U-shaped, our findings suggest that temperature-related changes in hydration status underlie the increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity during high- or low-temperature conditions.
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Frío , Deshidratación , Calor , Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Creatinina/análisis , Deshidratación/sangre , Deshidratación/epidemiología , Deshidratación/orina , Femenino , Hematócrito , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea/epidemiología , UrinálisisRESUMEN
This retrospective study aimed to compare the outcomes of modified double-flanged sutureless scleral fixation versus sutured scleral fixation. Medical records of 65 eyes from 65 patients who underwent double-flanged scleral fixation (flange group) or conventional scleral fixation (suture group) between 2021 and 2022 were reviewed. Visual and refractive outcomes, as well as postoperative complications, were compared 1, 2, and 6 months after surgery. We included 31 eyes in the flange group and 34 eyes in the suture group. At 6 months postoperatively, the flange group showed better uncorrected visual acuity (0.251 ± 0.328 vs. 0.418 ± 0.339 logMAR, P = 0.041) and a smaller myopic shift (- 0.74 ± 0.93 vs. - 1.33 ± 1.15 diopter, P = 0.007) compared to the suture group. The flange group did not experience any instances of iris capture, while the suture group had iris capture in 10 eyes (29.4%; P < 0.001). In the flange group, all intraocular lenses remained centered, whereas in the suture group, they were decentered in 8 eyes (23.5%; P = 0.005). The double-flanged technique not only prevented iris capture and decentration of the intraocular lens but also reduced myopic shift by enhancing the stability of the intraocular lens.
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Esclerótica , Técnicas de Sutura , Agudeza Visual , Humanos , Esclerótica/cirugía , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Resultado del Tratamiento , Suturas , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares/métodos , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos sin Sutura/métodos , Adulto , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication may reduce the risk of gastric cancer, and professional guidelines recommend eradication based on patients' preference. However, little data exist regarding individual's preference for HP eradication to prevent gastric cancer. We explored healthy Korean populations' preference for HP "screen and treat" strategy and its associated factors. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 604 healthy adults expected to undergo screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy during routine health checkups. Survey packages-including a decision aid about "screen and treat" strategy for the HP eradication-were sent to the eligible people 1-3 weeks before the health checkup. Within the survey package, we first assessed people's knowledge and experience with HP test and treatment, provided the decision aid, and evaluated participants' preference for screening and treatment for HP to prevent gastric cancer. RESULTS: With the provision of the decision aid, most participants (73.7%) opted for the "screen and treat" strategy. Having family member(s) with gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-4.47), previous treatment history of HP (aOR = 2.70; 95% CI, 1.38-5.29), and higher baseline knowledge (aOR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07-1.26) were significantly associated with accepting the strategy. Most participants (71.4%)-and even individuals who did not choose "screen and treat" strategy-agreed with the provision with the decision aid. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals preferred to take the "screen and treat" strategy for the prevention of gastric cancer. Further intervention study is warranted to see if implementation of decisional support would improve decision quality and patient outcomes.
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Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Neoplasias Gástricas/prevención & control , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Oxidative stress may be affected by lead exposure as well as antioxidants, yet little is known about the interaction between dietary antioxidants and blood lead levels (BLL) on oxidative stress level. We investigated the interaction between dietary antioxidants and BLL on oxidative stress level. As part of the Biomarker Monitoring for Environmental Health conducted in Seoul and Incheon, Korea, between April and December 2005, we analysed data from 683 adults (female = 47·4 %, mean age 51·4 (sd 8·4) years) who had complete measures on BLL, dietary intakes and oxidative stress marker (urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated semi-quantitative FFQ, BLL was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and 8-OHdG by ELISA. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the influence of BLL on the association between dietary antioxidants and 8-OHdG. Geometric means of BLL and 8-OHdG concentrations were 4·1 (sd 1·5) µg/dl and 5·4 (sd 1·9) µg/g creatinine, respectively. Increases of vitamins C and E were significantly associated with the decrease of log10 8-OHdG in the adults from the lowest quartile of the BLL group (≤ 3·18 µg/dl, geometric mean = 2·36 µg/dl) than those of the highest quartile BLL group (>5·36 µg/dl, geometric mean = 6·78 µg/dl). Regarding antioxidant-related foods, vegetables excluding kimchi showed a higher inverse relationship with 8-OHdG in the lowest quartile BLL group than the highest group. These findings suggest a rationale for lowering the BLL and increasing the intake of dietary antioxidants in the urban population in Korea.
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Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Dieta , Intoxicación por Plomo/sangre , Plomo/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Adulto , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Estudios Transversales , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/orina , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Femenino , Humanos , Intoxicación por Plomo/dietoterapia , Intoxicación por Plomo/fisiopatología , Intoxicación por Plomo/orina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Salud Urbana , Verduras , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and risk factors of uveitis in Korean children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The medical records of JIA patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2019 and followed up for ≥1 year were retrospectively reviewed, and various factors including laboratory findings were analyzed for the risk of developing uveitis. JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U) developed in 30 (9.8%) of 306 JIA patients. The mean age at the first uveitis development was 12.4 ± 5.7 years, which was 5.6 ± 3.7 years after the JIA diagnosis. The common JIA subtypes in the uveitis group were oligoarthritis-persistent (33.3%) and enthesitis-related arthritis (30.0%). The uveitis group had more baseline knee joint involvement (76.7% vs. 51.4%), which increased the risk of JIA-U during follow-up (p = 0.008). Patients with the oligoarthritis-persistent subtype developed JIA-U more frequently than those without it (20.0% vs. 7.8%; p = 0.016). The final visual acuity of JIA-U was tolerable (0.041 ± 0.103 logMAR). In Korean children with JIA, JIA-U may be associated with the oligoarthritis-persistent subtype and knee joint involvement.
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Probiotics have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects in the gut by directly reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by secreting anti-inflammatory molecules. However, their systemic anti-inflammatory effects have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we aimed to develop probiotics that have efficacy in both intestinal and lung inflammation. Lactobacillus plantarum KC3 (KC3), which was isolated from kimchi, was selected as a pre-candidate based on its inhibitory effects on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. To further validate the effectiveness of KC3, we used ear edema, DSS-induced colitis, and ambient particulate-matter-induced lung inflammation models. First, KC3 exhibited direct anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal cells with the inhibition of IL-1ß and TNF-α production. Additionally, KC3 treatment alleviated ear edema and DSS-induced colic inflammation, improving colon length and increasing the number of regulatory T cells. Beyond its local intestinal anti-inflammatory activity, KC3 inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar fluid and prevented neutrophil infiltration in the lungs. These results suggest that KC3 could be a potential functional ingredient with respiratory protective effects against air-pollutant-derived inflammation, as well as for the treatment of local gut disorders.
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GOALS: We aimed to simultaneously evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection diagnosed histologically and serologically in a large number of healthy Korean adults. BACKGROUND: Serological positivity for HP does not necessarily indicate current infection. No study to date has compared the association between metabolic syndrome and HP infection diagnosed by histologic and serological status. STUDY: HP status was ascertained histologically and serologically in healthy Korean adults who underwent comprehensive health screening in a private health screening center in Korea. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed, after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and income level. RESULTS: A total of 5889 subjects were included in the analysis. The metabolic syndrome was more strongly associated with histologic positivity for HP [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.48] than serologic positivity (aOR=1.12, 95% CI, 0.95-1.32), after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and economic status. CONCLUSIONS: The stronger association between metabolic syndrome and histologic positivity than serological positivity suggests that the effects of HP infection on the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic outcomes may be reversible. Further prospective studies are needed.
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Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Infecciones por Helicobacter/inmunología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/patología , Helicobacter pylori/inmunología , Síndrome Metabólico/complicaciones , Adulto , Glucemia , Presión Sanguínea , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Obesidad Abdominal/complicaciones , Oportunidad Relativa , República de Corea , Estudios Retrospectivos , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Uncontrolled diabetes has been associated with progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in several studies. Therefore, we aimed to investigate systemic and ophthalmic factors related to worsening of DR even after completion of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). We retrospectively reviewed DR patients who had completed PRP in at least one eye with a 3-year follow-up. A total of 243 eyes of 243 subjects (mean age 52.6 ± 11.6 years) were enrolled. Among them, 52 patients (21.4%) showed progression of DR after PRP (progression group), and the other 191 (78.6%) patients had stable DR (non-progression group). The progression group had higher proportion of proliferative DR (P = 0.019); lower baseline visual acuity (P < 0.001); and higher platelet count (P = 0.048), hemoglobin (P = 0.044), and hematocrit, (P = 0.042) than the non-progression group. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis for progression of DR, baseline visual acuity (HR: 0.053, P < 0.001) and platelet count (HR: 1.215, P = 0.031) were identified as risk factors for progression. Consequently, we propose that patients with low visual acuity or high platelet count are more likely to have progressive DR despite PRP and require careful observation. Also, the evaluation of hemorheological factors including platelet counts before PRP can be considered useful in predicting the prognosis of DR.
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Retinopatía Diabética/epidemiología , Coagulación con Láser/efectos adversos , Fotocoagulación/efectos adversos , Retina/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Coroides/patología , Coroides/efectos de la radiación , Retinopatía Diabética/diagnóstico por imagen , Retinopatía Diabética/etiología , Retinopatía Diabética/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuento de Plaquetas , Retina/patología , Retina/efectos de la radiación , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Agudeza Visual/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its active compounds (gingerols, shogaols and paradols) have been reported as having beneficial functions for several diseases, including diabetes. In this study, we revealed that the steaming process could enhance the anti-diabetic potential of ginger. To confirm the anti-diabetic effect of steamed ginger extract (GG03), we assessed pancreatic islets impaired by alloxan in zebrafish and demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic efficacy in a mouse model. The EC50 values of ginger extract (GE) and GG03 showed that the efficacy of GG03 was greater than that of GE. In addition, LC50 values demonstrated that GG03 had lower toxicity than GE, and the comparison of the Therapeutic Index (TI) proved that GG03 is a safer functional food. Furthermore, our data showed that GG03 significantly lowered hyperglycemia in a diabetic mouse model. HPLC was performed to confirm the change in the composition of steamed ginger. Interestingly, GG03 showed a 375% increase in 1-dehydro-6-gingerdione (GD) compared with GE. GD has not yet been studied much pharmacologically. Thus, we identified the protective effects of GD in the damaged pancreatic islets of diabetic zebrafish. We further assessed whether the anti-diabetic mechanism of action of GG03 and GD involves insulin secretion. Our results suggest that GG03 and GD might stimulate insulin secretion by the closure of KATP channels in pancreatic ß-cells.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Alcoholes Grasos/farmacología , Guayacol/análogos & derivados , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Insulina/metabolismo , Canales KATP/antagonistas & inhibidores , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Zingiber officinale , Animales , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Alcoholes Grasos/aislamiento & purificación , Alcoholes Grasos/toxicidad , Zingiber officinale/química , Zingiber officinale/toxicidad , Guayacol/aislamiento & purificación , Guayacol/farmacología , Guayacol/toxicidad , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hipoglucemiantes/toxicidad , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Insulina/patología , Canales KATP/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Raíces de Plantas , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Potasio/farmacología , Secretagogos/farmacología , Transducción de Señal , Vapor , Pez CebraRESUMEN
Little information is available on the role of environmental chemical exposure in oxidative stress. This study was designed to investigate whether exposure to environmental chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, bisphenol A or phthalates, induces oxidative stress in urban adult populations. A total of 960 adults dwelling in urban areas were evaluated between April and December 2005. To assess environmental chemical exposure, we measured urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, hippuric acid, methyl hippuric acid, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono-butyl phthalate and bisphenol A. Urinary malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were also measured to evaluate oxidative stress. Significant dose-responsive relationship was found between urinary concentrations of the chemical exposure biomarkers and oxidative stress levels in simple regression analyses (P<0.05). Regression coefficients of these exposure biomarkers except bisphenol A remained significantly in the multiple regression models after controlling for age, sex, weight, smoking, and exercise for at least one of the two oxidative stress biomarkers (P<0.05). The oxidative stress biomarkers significantly affected the indicators of insulin resistance, particularly glucose level. This study indicates that environmental chemical exposure is associated with oxidative stress in urban adult populations and suggests that exposure to certain environmental chemicals might contribute to insulin resistance.
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Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Población Urbana , Biomarcadores/orina , Glucemia/análisis , Contaminantes Ambientales/química , Contaminantes Ambientales/orina , Femenino , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. There is increasing health concerns regarding low-level exposure to BPA among the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the association between BPA exposure with oxidative stress and inflammation in adult populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted. This study included 485 adults (259 men, 92 premenopausal women, and 134 postmenopausal women) living in general communities within large cities. Urinary concentrations of BPA, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), white blood cell (WBC) count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Multivariate analyses were applied to determine the associations of BPA exposure with oxidative stress and inflammation. The geometric means of urinary BPA for men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women were 0.53, 0.61, and 0.58 microg/g cr, respectively. The urinary BPA concentrations were positively associated with MDA, 8-OHdG, and CRP levels in the postmenopausal women; however, such associations did not exist in men and premenopausal women. The findings of this study suggest that BPA exposure would promote oxidative stress and inflammation, in which postmenopausal women are likely to be more susceptible to BPA-induced health effects.
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Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/toxicidad , Posmenopausia/metabolismo , Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Estudios Transversales , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminantes Ambientales/orina , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/sangre , Corea (Geográfico) , Recuento de Leucocitos , Leucocitos/citología , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Fenoles/orina , Posmenopausia/sangre , Posmenopausia/orina , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
We examined the associations between physical activity (PA), fitness and all-cause mortality and compared their contributions, taking smoking status into consideration. A retrospective cohort study of 18,775 men was carried out between May 1995 and December 2003. Fitness was measured by maximum oxygen uptake and regular PA was defined as at least three times a week, for more than 30 min of leisure time PA. During the mean 6.4 yr of follow-up, 547 deaths were recorded. The hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of regular PA for all-cause mortality was 0.63 (0.52-0.76). The HRs (95% CIs) for men with middle and highest tertile levels of fitness were decreased by 0.58 (0.47-0.70) and 0.58 (0.45-0.75) in comparison to men with lowest one. The inverse association between fitness and mortality was significant among the men who did not engage in regular PA, but not among those who did (p for interaction=0.031). Smoking status did not influence on the associations between regular PA, fitness and mortality. Our result suggested that regular PA and fitness predicted mortality in men. The influence of fitness on mortality was pronounced in the men who did not engage in regular PA.
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Mortalidad , Actividad Motora , Aptitud Física , Adulto , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Consumo de Oxígeno , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Retrospectivos , FumarRESUMEN
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most common causes of disability, affecting over 466 million people worldwide. However, prevention or therapy of SNHL has not been widely studied. Avocado oil has shown many health benefits but it has not yet been studied in regards to SNHL. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of avocado oil on SNHL in vitro and in vivo and elucidate its mode of action. For the present study, we used enhanced functional avocado oil extract (DKB122). DKB122 led to recovery of otic hair cells in zebrafish after neomycin-induced otic cell damage. Also, DKB122 improved auditory sensory transmission function in a mouse model of noise induced-hearing loss and protected sensory hair cells in the cochlea. In addition, RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the mechanism involved. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that DKB122 protected House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells against neomycin-related alterations in gene expression due to oxidative stress, cytokine production and protein synthesis.
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Aminoácidos/biosíntesis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/efectos de los fármacos , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural , Persea/química , Fitoterapia , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Animales , Percepción Auditiva/efectos de los fármacos , Cóclea/citología , Cóclea/efectos de los fármacos , Cóclea/metabolismo , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/metabolismo , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/fisiología , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/tratamiento farmacológico , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/genética , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/metabolismo , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/fisiopatología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/tratamiento farmacológico , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/genética , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/metabolismo , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/fisiopatología , Redes y Vías Metabólicas/efectos de los fármacos , Redes y Vías Metabólicas/genética , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Aceites de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Pez CebraRESUMEN
Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer in Korea. Several susceptibility loci of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) were identified by previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in Europeans only. Here we conducted a GWAS and a replication study in Koreans using a total of 1,085 DTC cases and 8,884 controls, and validated these results using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and clinical phenotypes. The most robust associations were observed in the NRG1 gene (rs6996585, P=1.08 × 10-10) and this SNP was also associated with NRG1 expression in thyroid tissues. In addition, we confirmed three previously reported loci (FOXE1, NKX2-1 and DIRC3) and identified seven novel susceptibility loci (VAV3, PCNXL2, INSR, MRSB3, FHIT, SEPT11 and SLC24A6) associated with DTC. Furthermore, we identified specific variants of DTC that have different effects according to cancer type or ethnicity. Our findings provide deeper insight into the genetic contribution to thyroid cancer in different populations.
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Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/genética , Adulto , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-vav/genética , Factor Nuclear Tiroideo 1/genéticaRESUMEN
Caroli's disease is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder caused by malformation of the ductal plate during embryonic development. Although it is present at birth, Caroli's disease is typically not diagnosed until between the second and fourth decades of life, as it was in the present patient. Here we report a rare case of Caroli's disease limited to one liver segment, which was initially misdiagnosed as an intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. The asymptomatic patient was treated with liver segmentectomy.
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Enfermedad de Caroli/diagnóstico , Adulto , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patología , Conductos Biliares Intrahepáticos , Enfermedad de Caroli/patología , Errores Diagnósticos , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
We presented two interesting cases of gastrocolocutaneous fistula that occurred after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement, and its management. This fistula is a rare complication that occurs after PEG insertion, which is an epithelial connection between mucosa of the stomach, colon, and skin. The management of the fistula is controversial, ranging from conservative to surgical intervention. Endoscopists should be aware of the possibility of gastrocolocutaneous fistula after PEG insertion, and should evaluate the risk factors that may contribute to the development of gastrocolocutaneous fistula before the procedure. We reviewed complications of gastrostomy tube insertion, symptoms of gastrocolocutaneous fistula, and its risk factors.
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Fístula del Sistema Digestivo/etiología , Nutrición Enteral/efectos adversos , Anciano , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Nutrición Enteral/instrumentación , Gastrostomía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Although endobronchial hamartoma is a rare benign tumor, most patients with endobronchial hamartoma have respiratory symptoms such as obstructive pneumonia, hemoptysis, cough, or dyspnea due to bronchial obstruction. It can cause irreversible post-obstructive pulmonary destruction, thus early diagnosis and treatment is very important. Recently, there have been cases of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and electrocautery procedures for bronchoscopic treatment of malignant or benign central airway obstruction with comparable therapeutic efficacy and few complications. Bronchoscopic cryotherapy is a newly developed technique for management of central airway obstruction. Moreover, it provides diagnostic methods with improving diagnostic yield and safety. We report two cases of endobronchial hamartoma, each diagnosed and definitively treated with bronchoscopic techniques. Endobronchial biopsy and removal was successfully performed by cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy without notable complications. Follow-up bronchoscopic examinations excluded residual or recurrent disease.