Platelet kinetic study in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory or relapsing after corticosteroid treatment.

BACKGROUND: A platelet kinetic study (PKS) is not indicated in the evaluation of adult patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) at presentation. However, in ITP patients refractory to or relapsing after corticosteroid therapy, its appropriateness is considered uncertain. METHODS: We prospectively performed a PKS with (111)In oxine-labeled autologous platelets in 93 consecutive adult ITP patients failing steroid treatment. RESULTS: In 22 patients (24%) a primary condition accounting for thrombocytopenia was identified (17 with myelodysplastic syndrome and three aplastic anemia). Non-ITP patients had significantly longer platelet circulating life span (P=0.0001), lower splenic platelet uptake (P=0.008) and higher liver platelet uptake (P=0.05) compared to 71 patients with confirmed ITP. Among ITP patients with platelets persistently <50 x 10(9)/L, splenectomy was considered in 48 cases. In 23 (48%) it was prospectively excluded because of platelet life span > or = 7 days (11 cases), no splenic platelet uptake together with high liver uptake (10 cases), or both conditions (two cases). Splenectomy was successfully carried out in the other 25 patients, obtaining a response rate of 100% (22 complete responses; three partial responses). Persistent relapse occurred in six of 25 (24%) splenectomized patients after a median of three months (range 1-8). PKS parameters were not able to predict post-splenectomy relapse, although relapsed patients had lower splenic/hepatic platelet uptake ratio (2.6 in relapsed vs 4.9 in persistently responsive patients; P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that in patients with chronic ITP failing steroid therapy, some PKS parameters may be prospectively used to increase the short term success rate of splenectomy.

[Splenic traumas: indications and limitations of conservative treatment]. / I traumi splenici: indicazioni e limiti del trattamento conservativo.

According to the experience of the authors, comparison between two consecutive periods (1980-1994 and 1995-2000) has shown a substantial increase in splenic traumas simply treated by observation and monitoring. Their number in fact has risen significantly from 5 to 32. This has allowed a rise in the overall percentage of spleen conservation, which has increased from 16.4% to 52.9%. On the contrary, a reduction in surgical conservative operations has been observed, the number decreasing from 19 to 4. Such treatments require the same clinical conditions as non- operative treatments, but the latter have to be accompanied by efficient organization of intensive care and monitoring, in which surgeons and anesthesists, who are familiar with all the aspects of the problem, collaborate efficiently. Since this kind of organization has been achieved, the number of patients successfully treated without surgery has increased significantly. In a sample of 37 patients receiving non-surgical conservative treatment, the percentage of delayed splenectomies was as low as 5.4%.

[Deferred elective colonic resection in complicated acute diverticulitis]. / Resezione colica differita in elezione nelle diverticoliti acute complicate.

Twenty-three patients with acute diverticulitis complicated by pericolic or paracolic abscesses (Hinchey stage I-II) after a first phase of medical treatment were treated with deferred elective resection of the descending colon and sigmoid plus colorectal anastomosis performed on average 30 days after the onset of the acute episode. The pathologist's investigation of the surgical specimens demonstrated persistence of severe inflammatory lesions despite the apparently satisfactory clinical outcome. These data explain the frequent recurrences and indicate surgical treatment as being the only therapy capable of definitively resolving the condition. As compared with the emergency surgery performed by others, deferred elective resection makes it possible to operate on patients who, once the acute phase has been overcome, can have their hydroelectrolytic balance perfectly restored and be adequately monitored with treatment of associated diseases and perfect colon preparation. This strategy has allowed us to eliminate operative mortality and reduce the postoperative morbidity, both of which are significantly present in emergency surgical operations. Also the overall hospital stay in the two admissions, the interval between which can be reduced in ideal cases, does not significantly differ from that reported for emergency operations.