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1.
Microb Pathog ; 167: 105571, 2022 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35550845

RESUMEN

Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) is known for its protective role in HIV co-infected individuals. This immunomodulatory effect raised questions concerning the possible role of HPgV-1 infection and the risk of rejection in liver transplanted patients. We aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of HPgV-1 on graft outcome of liver transplanted patients. A total of 283 patients were recruited. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were collected from the explanted liver. HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, and HPgV-1-RNA were determined using PCR and multiplex RT-PCR assays. The clinical course of patients including the occurrence of acute cellular rejection was compared between HPgV-1-infected vs. uninfected patients. HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA and HPgV-1-RNA were detected in 42.6%, 4.9%, and 7.8% of samples, respectively. None of the HPgV-1-infected patients experienced graft rejection. Group LASSO logistic regression revealed that HPgV-1 infection was the only factor which significantly reduced the odds of graft rejection (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.29-0.89). No significant association was found between the presence of HPgV-1 with HBV and HCV infections. The lack of graft rejection in HPgV-1-infected liver transplanted patients might indicate a possible role of this virus for graft surveillance. Since these are still preliminary findings, prospective studies should further elucidate the role of HPgV-1 in liver transplantation outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Coinfección , Infecciones por Flaviviridae , Virus GB-C , Hepatitis C , ADN Viral , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Virus GB-C/genética , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex , Pegivirus , Filogenia , Estudios Prospectivos , ARN , ARN Viral/genética
2.
Virol J ; 18(1): 107, 2021 05 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34059075

RESUMEN

Reducing the pool of HIV-1 reservoirs in patients is a must to achieve functional cure. The most prominent HIV-1 cell reservoirs are resting CD4 + T cells and brain derived microglial cells. Infected microglial cells are believed to be the source of peripheral tissues reseedings and the emergence of drug resistance. Clearing infected cells from the brain is therefore crucial. However, many characteristics of microglial cells and the central nervous system make extremely difficult their eradication from brain reservoirs. Current methods, such as the "shock and kill", the "block and lock" and gene editing strategies cannot override these difficulties. Therefore, new strategies have to be designed when considering the elimination of brain reservoirs. We set up an original gene suicide strategy using latently infected microglial cells as model cells. In this paper we provide proof of concept of this strategy.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/virología , Genes Transgénicos Suicidas , Infecciones por VIH , VIH-1 , Latencia del Virus , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/virología , Células Cultivadas , Edición Génica , Humanos , Microglía/virología
3.
Arch Virol ; 166(8): 2089-2108, 2021 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33934196

RESUMEN

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has become one of the most serious health concerns globally. Although multiple vaccines have recently been approved for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an effective treatment is still lacking. Our knowledge of the pathogenicity of this virus is still incomplete. Studies have revealed that viral factors such as the viral load, duration of exposure to the virus, and viral mutations are important variables in COVID-19 outcome. Furthermore, host factors, including age, health condition, co-morbidities, and genetic background, might also be involved in clinical manifestations and infection outcome. This review focuses on the importance of variations in the host genetic background and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. We will discuss the significance of polymorphisms in the ACE-2, TMPRSS2, vitamin D receptor, vitamin D binding protein, CD147, glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), neuropilin-1, heme oxygenase, apolipoprotein L1, vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1), and immune system genes for the clinical outcome of COVID-19.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/genética , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/genética , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/genética , Apolipoproteína L1/genética , Basigina/genética , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/terapia , Dipeptidil Peptidasa 4/genética , Chaperón BiP del Retículo Endoplásmico , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/genética , Humanos , Inmunidad/genética , Neuropilina-1/genética , Evaluación del Resultado de la Atención al Paciente , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , SARS-CoV-2 , Serina Endopeptidasas/genética , Proteína de Unión a Vitamina D/genética , Vitamina K Epóxido Reductasas/genética
4.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci ; 56(6): 420-434, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31317801

RESUMEN

While the prospect of viral cure is higher than ever for individuals infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to ground-breaking progress in antiviral treatment, success rates are still negatively influenced by HCV's high genetic variability. This genetic diversity is represented in the circulation of various genotypes and subtypes, mixed infections, recombinant forms and the presence of numerous drug resistant variants among infected individuals. Common misclassifications by commercial genotyping assays in combination with the limitations of currently used targeted population sequencing approaches have encouraged researchers to exploit alternative methods for the clinical management of HCV infections. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), a revolutionary and powerful tool with a variety of applications in clinical virology, can characterize viral diversity and depict viral dynamics in an ultra-wide and ultra-deep manner. The level of detail it provides makes it the method of choice for the diagnosis and clinical assessment of HCV infections. The sequence library provided by NGS is of a higher magnitude and sensitivity than data generated by conventional methods. Therefore, these technologies are helpful to guide clinical practice and at the same time highly valuable for epidemiological studies. The decreasing costs of NGS to determine genotypes, mixed infections, recombinant strains and drug resistant variants will soon make it feasible to employ NGS in clinical laboratories, to assist in the daily care of patients with HCV.


Asunto(s)
Hepacivirus/fisiología , Hepatitis C/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Antivirales/farmacología , Hepacivirus/efectos de los fármacos , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C/diagnóstico , Humanos , Recombinación Genética/genética
6.
J Med Virol ; 86(5): 745-57, 2014 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24532489

RESUMEN

Iran is a large country that covers the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Iranian residents of this coastal region interact closely with people from neighboring countries because of historical and cultural relationships, as well as economic activities. In addition, the inhabitants of this border region have experienced several wars, which have affected public health infrastructures. This study characterized for the first time, the evolution of the full-length genome of HBV strains in asymptomatic carrier patients living in this particular region. In addition, this study was compared and complemented by a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the worldwide geographical distribution of HBV subgenotype D1. Evolutionary analysis demonstrates that patients living in the northern coast of the Persian Gulf are mainly infected with HBV subgenotype D1, subtype ayw2. Specific mutations related to advanced liver disease were found more frequently in these strains compared to other strains isolated from asymptomatic carriers from other regions of Iran. This global comprehensive analysis showed that HBV subgenotype D1 strains have a worldwide distribution and that human mobility and immigration had a large impact on dispersal of HBV subgenotype D1, subtype ayw2 in Middle Eastern countries such as Iran, Syria, and Turkey. In addition to association of subtype ayw2 with subgenotype D1, it was demonstrated that other HBV subtypes like adw2, ayw1, and ayw3 are associated with HBV subgenotype D1 in different regions of the world. This study also revealed a remarkable distribution of subgenotype D1, subtype ayw4 although this particular subtype is associated with subgenotype D4 of HBV in European countries.


Asunto(s)
Portador Sano/epidemiología , Genoma Viral , Virus de la Hepatitis B/clasificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Filogeografía , Adulto , Portador Sano/virología , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN Viral/química , ADN Viral/genética , Evolución Molecular , Femenino , Hepatitis B/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Epidemiología Molecular , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Adulto Joven
7.
J Med Virol ; 86(1): 144-55, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24150816

RESUMEN

The genetic diversity of the HBV S gene has a significant impact on the prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B infection. The effect of selective pressure on this genetic alteration has not yet been studied in Iranian blood donors. To explore HBV evolution and to analyze the effects and patterns of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutations on blood screening assays, 358 Iranian blood donors diagnosed as asymptomatic HBV carriers were enrolled in this nationwide study. Large S and partial S genes were amplified and sequenced. HBV (sub) genotypes and synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations were investigated. The impact of naturally occurring mutations on HBsAg ELISA results was explored. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that isolated strains were of genotype D. The dominant subgenotype/subtype was D1/ayw2. Deletions and naturally occurring stop codons in the pre-S1 and major hydrophilic region (MHR) were identified. In total, 32.8% of the studied strains harbored 195 single or multiple mutations in the MHR, the majority of which were located at the first loop of the "a determinant" domain. The ayw2 subtype showed a significant effect on the ELISA signal/cut-off value and carried fewer mutations in the MHR. Nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution value indicated that negative selection was the dominant evolutionary force in the HBV S gene. This nationwide study revealed that mutation frequency of HBsAg among Iranian blood donors was much higher than previous reports from the different local regions. These findings regarding the significant differences in reactivity of ELISA among different subtypes of HBV and its correlation with the number of mutations at the MHR will be valuable to public health authorities.


Asunto(s)
Evolución Molecular , Variación Genética , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/genética , Hepatitis B/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Donantes de Sangre , Portador Sano/virología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Estudios Transversales , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Genotipo , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Tasa de Mutación , Mutación Missense , Filogenia , Mutación Puntual , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Adulto Joven
8.
Viruses ; 16(1)2024 01 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38257823

RESUMEN

Blood safety remains a paramount public health concern, and health authorities maintain a high level of vigilance to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) [...].


Asunto(s)
Seguridad de la Sangre , Salud Pública , Humanos
9.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5724, 2024 03 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38459174

RESUMEN

Cytokine storms, which result from an abrupt, acute surge in the circulating levels of different pro-inflammatory cytokines, are one of the complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to assess the effect of exosomes on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare it with a control group. The cytokines evaluated in this study were TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ. The study compared the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of five COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit, who were subjected to both inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and exosome therapy, with those of five healthy controls. The cytokine levels were quantified using the ELISA method. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS Version 26.0 and GraphPad Prism Version 9. According to the study findings, when PBMCs were exposed to inactivated SARS-CoV-2, pro-inflammatory cytokines increased in both patients and healthy controls. Notably, the cytokine levels were significantly elevated in the COVID-19 patients compared to the control group P-values were < 0.001, 0.001, 0.008, and 0.008 for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ, respectively. Conversely, when both groups were exposed to exosomes, there was a marked reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This suggests that exosome administration can effectively mitigate the hyperinflammation induced by COVID-19 by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients. These findings underscore the potential safety and efficacy of exosomes as a therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Enfermedades Transmisibles , Exosomas , Humanos , COVID-19/terapia , SARS-CoV-2 , Interleucina-17 , Interleucina-6 , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Leucocitos Mononucleares , Inflamación , Citocinas
10.
Virus Evol ; 10(1): veae009, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38361827

RESUMEN

Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for approximately 296 million chronic cases of hepatitis B, and roughly 880,000 deaths annually. The global burden of HBV is distributed unevenly, largely owing to the heterogeneous geographic distribution of its subtypes, each of which demonstrates different severity and responsiveness to antiviral therapy. It is therefore crucial to the global public health response to HBV that the spatiotemporal spread of each genotype is well characterized. In this study, we describe a collection of 133 newly sequenced HBV strains from recent African immigrants upon their arrival in Belgium. We incorporate these sequences-all of which we determine to come from genotypes A, D, and E-into a large-scale phylogeographic study with genomes sampled across the globe. We focus on investigating the spatio-temporal processes shaping the evolutionary history of the three genotypes we observe. We incorporate several recently published ancient HBV genomes for genotypes A and D to aid our analysis. We show that different spatio-temporal processes underlie the A, D, and E genotypes with the former two having originated in southeastern Asia, after which they spread across the world. The HBV E genotype is estimated to have originated in Africa, after which it spread to Europe and the Americas. Our results highlight the use of phylogeographic reconstruction as a tool to understand the recent spatiotemporal dynamics of HBV, and highlight the importance of supporting vulnerable populations in accordance with the needs presented by specific HBV genotypes.

11.
IJID Reg ; 9: 49-54, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37868342

RESUMEN

Objectives: Anelloviruses have been linked with host-immunocompetence and inflammation. Here, we studied the anellovirus load in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: We collected samples of patients recruited in the DAWN-Plasma trial that received convalescent plasma (CP) therapy (four plasma units) combined with standard of care (SOC) or SOC of alone. Plasma samples were collected on day 0 and 6 of hospitalization and we quantified anellovirus load. With multivariate models, clinical variables were associated with changes in anellovirus load. Results: Samples were collected on day 0 and 6 of 150 patients (103 CP + SOC and 47 SOC). Anellovirus load was higher on day 0 compared to day 6 and we found a significant drop in SOC patients. Patients receiving immunosuppressive drug had a lower anellovirus load (coefficient: 1.021, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.270-1.772, P = 0.008), while patients admitted to the emergency room displayed a higher abundance on day 0 (1.308, 95% CI 0.443-2.173, P = 0.003). Unspecific markers of inflammation and organ damage, D-dimer (0.001, 95% CI <0.001-0.001, P = 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (0.002, 95% CI 0.001-0.004, P = 0.044), were positively associated with anellovirus load. Finally, anellovirus load on day 0 (-39.9, 95% CI -75.72 to -4.27, P = 0.029) was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody response on day. Conclusion: The results showed associations between clinical variables and anellovirus load in COVID-19 patients. Many variables share properties related to host immunocompetence or inflammation. Therefore, we expect that anellovirus abundance displays the net state of immune activation.

12.
Viruses ; 15(8)2023 07 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37631978

RESUMEN

Anellovirus (AV) is a ubiquitous virus in the human population. Individuals can be infected with multiple AV genera and species to form a heterogeneous repertoire, termed the anellome. Using advanced methods, we examined the anellomes from 12 paired serum and liver samples, as well as 2701 subjects with different clinical diagnoses. Overall, anellomes are remarkably individualized, with significant among-group differences (Kruskal-Wallis test p = 6.6 × 10-162 for richness and p = 7.48 × 10-162 for Shannon entropy). High dissimilarity scores (beta diversity) were observed between patient groups, except for paired serum and liver samples. At the population level, the relative abundance of combinational AV genus Betatorquevirus (torque teno mini viruses, TTMV), and Gammatorquevirus (torque teno midi viruses, TTMDV) exhibited an exponential distribution with a low bound point at 32%. Defined by this value, the AV TTMV/TTMDV-expanded anellome was significantly enriched among patients with acute liver failure (31.7%) and liver transplantation (40.7%), compared with other patient groups (χ2 test: p = 4.1 × 10-8-3.2 × 10-3). Therefore, anellome heterogeneity may be predictive of clinical outcomes in certain diseases, such as liver disease. The consistency of anellome between paired serum and liver samples indicates that a liquid biopsy approach would be suitable for longitudinal studies to clarify the causality of the AV TTMV/TTMDV-expanded anellome in the outcomes of liver disease.


Asunto(s)
Anelloviridae , Fallo Hepático Agudo , Trasplante de Hígado , Humanos , Anelloviridae/genética , Penicilinas
13.
Viruses ; 15(7)2023 06 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37515113

RESUMEN

Blood transfusion safety is an essential element of public health. Current blood screening strategies rely on targeted techniques that could miss unknown or unexpected pathogens. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of a viral community (virobiota/virome) in the blood of healthy individuals. Here, we characterized the blood virome in patients frequently exposed to blood transfusion by using Illumina metagenomic sequencing. The virome of these patients was compared to viruses present in healthy blood donors. A total number of 155 beta-thalassemia, 149 hemodialysis, and 100 healthy blood donors were pooled with five samples per pool. Members of the Anelloviridae and Flaviviridae family were most frequently observed. Interestingly, samples of healthy blood donors harbored traces of potentially pathogenic viruses, including adeno-, rota-, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Viruses of the Anelloviridae family were most abundant in the blood of hemodialysis patients and displayed a higher anellovirus richness. Pegiviruses (Flaviviridae) were only observed in patient populations. An overall trend of higher eukaryotic read abundance in both patient groups was observed. This might be associated with increased exposure through blood transfusion. Overall, the findings in this study demonstrated the presence of various viruses in the blood of Iranian multiple-transfused patients and healthy blood donors.


Asunto(s)
Anelloviridae , Virus , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Viroma , Virus/genética , Anelloviridae/genética , Metagenoma , Metagenómica/métodos
14.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 30(1): 123-129, 2023 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36084918

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Iran is one of the countries that have been confronted with the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic since February 2020. This study aimed to determine the levels of specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among healthy blood donors to estimate the burden of the epidemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A serial cross-sectional study was conducted on blood donors who referred to 31 main blood donation centers in different provinces during the third weeks of September, October, and November 2020. A questionnaire was filled out to collect socio-demographic characteristics, history of contact with COVID-19 patients, and history of COVID-19. A blood sample was collected from each participant to assess the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the ELISA method. The crude prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was calculated. Then it was weighted based on the gender and age groups of the general population in each province and adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: During three time points of the study, 3840, 3697, and 3152 participants enrolled. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 19.59% (17.18-22.00), 22.67% (20.70-24.65), and 32.63% (29.93-35.33) over the three rounds of the study. We found an association between the seropositivity and the highest educational level; AOR 0.76 (0.63-0.93), history of close contact with COVID-19 patients; AOR 1.69 (1.35-2.11), and history of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; AOR 8.86 (5.38-14.60). CONCLUSION: This study showed that about one-third of the population had been infected with COVID-19. Furthermore, a significant upward trend in seroprevalence was observed. The predisposing factors indicate the importance of public health.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , Donación de Sangre , Irán/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , COVID-19/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Inmunoglobulina G
15.
Front Microbiol ; 14: 1172574, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37228370

RESUMEN

The virome remains an understudied domain of the human microbiome. The role of commensal viruses on the outcome of infections with known pathogens is not well characterized. In this study we aimed to characterize the longitudinal plasma virome dynamics in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients. Eighty-five longitudinal plasma samples were collected from 12 chronic HBV infected individuals that were classified in the four stages of HBV infection. The virome was characterized with an optimized viral extraction protocol and deep-sequenced on a NextSeq 2500 platform. The plasma virome was primarily composed of members of the Anello- Flavi-, and Hepadnaviridae (HBV) families. The virome structure and dynamics did not correlate with the different stages of chronic HBV infection nor with the administration of antiviral therapy. We observed a higher intrapersonal similarity of viral contigs. Genomic analysis of viruses observed in multiple timepoint demonstrated the presence of a dynamic community. This study comprehensively assessed the blood virome structure in chronic HBV infected individuals and provided insights in the longitudinal development of this viral community.

16.
Pathogens ; 11(9)2022 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36145433

RESUMEN

Recently, the World Hepatitis Day (WHD) of 2022 was observed to raise awareness of the global burden of viral hepatitis [...].

17.
Front Public Health ; 10: 956712, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36091549

RESUMEN

Objective: This study aims to reveal epidemiological features and trends of liver cancer (LC) in China. Methods: We retrieved data from the Global Burden of Disease database 2019. Joinpoint regression was used to examine the temporal trend of LC. Future trends of LC were estimated using the Nordpred. Results: The incidence, mortality, and disability-standardized life year (DALY) rate of LC declined in China from 1990 to 2019. Among >210,000 LC cases in 2019, the LC incidences were nearly 3.15 times higher in males than in females. LC cases and LC-associated deaths were mostly found among patients aged 65 to 69 years. The proportion of LC attributable to hepatitis B decreased over time, whereas the proportions of LC attributable to hepatitis C, alcohol use, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis increased modestly from 1990 to 2019. The majority of LC-associated deaths could be traced to four risk factors: smoking (20%), drug use (13.6%), alcohol use (11.7%), and high body mass index (10.1%). Based on the Nordpred prediction, there will be a steady decline in the incidence (39.0%) and mortality (38.3%) of liver cancer over a 25-year period from 2020 to 2044. Conclusion: The disease burden of liver cancer in China has declined over the past 30 years. However, it remains important to control liver cancer among high-risk populations, especially elderly males with obesity, alcohol use, tobacco use, and/or drug abuse.


Asunto(s)
Hepatitis C , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Costo de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiología , Masculino
18.
Int J Infect Dis ; 122: 476-485, 2022 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35724827

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to reveal the 30-year dynamics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden in China from 1990-2019. METHODS: HBV/HCV data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease database. Joinpoint regression was used to examine temporal trends. Age-period-cohort models were applied to evaluate effects of patient age, period, and cohort on HBV/HCV-associated mortality and incidences. RESULTS: A dramatic decrease in the disease burden of HBV was found from 1990-2019, but the disease burden of HCV has remained stable since 2000. Patient age, period, and cohort exerted a significant effect on the diseases burden of HBV and HCV infection. Compared with women, men had a higher risk of HBV/HCV infections as well as HBV/HCV-associated mortality and liver cancer. Overweight, alcohol, tobacco, and drug use were important risk factors associated with HBV/HCV-associated liver cancer. The incidences of HBV- and HCV-associated liver cancer from 2019-2044 are expected to decrease by 39.4% and 33.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The disease burden of HBV/HCV infection has decreased in China over the past 30 years, but HBV incidences remain high, especially in men. Effective management of HBV and HCV infections is still needed for high-risk populations.


Asunto(s)
Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Neoplasias Hepáticas , China/epidemiología , Costo de Enfermedad , Femenino , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis B/complicaciones , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Virus de la Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C/complicaciones , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino
19.
Virus Evol ; 8(1): veac028, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35712523

RESUMEN

Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV-D1 is the dominant subgenotype in the Mediterranean basin, Eastern Europe, and Asia. However, little is currently known about its evolutionary history and spatio-temporal dynamics. We use Bayesian phylodynamic inference to investigate the temporal history of HBV-D1, for which we calibrate the molecular clock using ancient sequences, and reconstruct the viral global spatial dynamics based, for the first time, on full-length publicly available HBV-D1 genomes from a wide range of sampling dates. We pinpoint the origin of HBV subgenotype D1 before the current era (BCE) in Turkey/Anatolia. The spatial reconstructions reveal global viral transmission with a high degree of mixing. By combining modern-day and ancient sequences, we ensure sufficient temporal signal in HBV-D1 data to enable Bayesian phylodynamic inference using a molecular clock for time calibration. Our results shed light on the worldwide HBV-D1 epidemics and suggest that this originally Middle Eastern virus significantly affects more distant countries, such as those in mainland Europe.

20.
Pathog Glob Health ; 116(7): 455-461, 2022 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35152854

RESUMEN

Since working children have limited access to testing and monitoring for COVID-19, we decided to measure SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among them and compare it to non-working children. Our objective is to compare the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 genome and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody among working and non-working children. Volunteer child labor studying at Defense of Child Labor and Street Children and randomly selected 5-18-year-old (same range as child labor group) unemployed children participated in this study. The groups, respectively, had 65 and 137 members. This is an analytical cross-sectional study that surveys molecular prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody by ELISA in working and non-working children. The IBM SPSS statistics software version 25 was used for data analysis. The χ2 or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze categorical dependent variables, for calculating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Among the children enrolled in this study, molecular prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 turned out to be 18.5% in working children while it was 5.8% in unemployed children [aOR: 3.00 (CI95%: 1.00-7.00); P value: 0.003] and seroprevalence turned out to be 20% in working children vs 13.9% in non-working children [aOR: 1.000 (CI95%: 0.00-2.00); > P 0.001]. Equal SARS-CoV-2 viral load as adults and no symptoms or mild ones in children, coupled with working children's strong presence in crowded areas and their higher rate of COVID-19 prevalence, make them a probable source for spread of the virus.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Trabajo Infantil , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Genómica , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos
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