The Relationship between Anthropometric Indices and Breast Cancer in Central Iran.

Background: Anthropometric indices have a debatable relationship with breast cancer (BC) among different ethnicity. In the current study, we have evaluated the relationship between anthropometric indices and BC in Iranian participants. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, a total of 7,805 women were enrolled from different mammography centers in Isfahan province, Iran. For each participant, a detailed questionnaire was filled out and anthropometric indices were measured by trained technicians. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for BC risk associated with anthropometry measurements, stratified on menopausal status. Results: In the postmenopausal group, weight ≥68 kg compared to weight <61.75 kg was associated with decreased risk of BC (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63-0.97). Postmenopausal women with Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.85 compared to WHR < 0.77 were at increased risk of BC (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07-1.73). Both premenopausal and postmenopausal women had a decreased risk of BC with higher Obesity Index (OI) and Relative Weight. Conclusion: Ethnicity appears to play an important role in the discrepancies between results of different studies about the correlation of anthropometric features with BC.

Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with HIV Receiving Medical Care in Southern United States: Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Using representative data among 1861 in care people living with HIV (PLWH) in four southern states (Texas, Mississippi, Florida, and Georgia) from the 2013-2014 Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) survey, we estimated the prevalence and odds of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among various demographic and HIV related risk factors. Overall MetS prevalence was 34%, with our participants being mostly black (55%), male (72%), ≥ 50 years old (46%), and overweight or obese (60%) with undetectable viral loads (≤ 200 copies/ml, 69%), and were currently taking antiretroviral medication (98%). Compared to those who were ≥ 60 years, 18-39 year olds had a 79% (95% CI 0.13-0.33) lower odds of having MetS. Women were 2.24 times more likely to have MetS than men (95% CI 1.69-2.97). Age and sex were significant predictors of MetS. Since MetS is a combination of chronic disease risk factors, regular screening for MetS risk factors among aging PLWH is crucial.

The Effect of Stressful Life Events on Postpartum Depression: Findings from the 2009-2011 Mississippi Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

Objectives To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) among new mothers in Mississippi during 2009-2011 and evaluate the effects of different stressful life events in the year before delivery on the likelihood of PPD. Methods We used Mississippi Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 2009-2011 data (n = 3695) to evaluate the effects of different stressful life events on PPD. We categorized 13 stressors into 4 groups: financial, relational, trauma-related, and emotional. A composite score of the mothers' responses (≥10) to the three items: "I felt down, depressed, or sad", "I felt hopeless", and "I felt slowed down" was used to measure PPD. The items were rated on a Likert scale from (1) never to 5 (always). Descriptive statistics, Chi square tests, t tests, and logistic regression analyses were conducted using SAS 9.3 Proc Survey procedure (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Results The overall prevalence of self-reported PPD was 14.8 %. Mothers who experienced high relational with low financial and high trauma related stresses had the highest likelihood of PPD diagnosis after adjusting for confounders (OR = 8.6; 95 % CI, 3.5-21.3), followed by those who reported high relational stress with low financial and low trauma stresses (OR = 5.9; 95 % CI, 3.5-10.2). Those with high financial, low relational, and low trauma had the least likelihood of PPD (OR = 2.2; 95 % CI, 1.6-3.0) compared to women with low stress in all three categories. Conclusion Our findings showed that the likelihood of PPD was higher among women who had high relational stress, indicating that efforts to effectively prevent PPD need to focus on healthy relationships between partners during pregnancy.

Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Mississippi: Is There A Disparity? Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2012.

Although consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a key contributor to epidemic obesity and has dramatically increased over the past decade in the United States, little is known about its prevalence and associated factors. Data from the 2012 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to estimate the prevalence of SSB consumption and to explore the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral factors and SSB intake in Mississippi (n = 7220). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were conducted using SAS Proc Survey procedures, to account for the BRFSS's multistage complex survey design and sample weights. Overall prevalence of self-reported daily SSB intake was 41.1%. Our findings showed that males (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.7, ref = female), blacks (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4-2.1, ref = whites), adults aged 18-24 years (aOR = 5.0, 95% CI: 3.4-7.5, ref = 65 years or older), those with less than high school education (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6, ref = college graduate), annual income <$25,000 (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.7, ref ≥ $50,000) and $25,000-49,999 (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6, ref ≥ $50,000), those with no physical activity (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6, ref = physically active), daily smokers (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.7-2.7, ref = non-smokers), and those who reported eating at fast food or chain restaurants (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.5, ref = do not eat at fast food or chain restaurants) were more likely to consume SSBs, raising concerns about overweight and obesity in Mississippi.

Racial Disparities in Obesity Prevalence in Mississippi: Role of Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Physical Activity.

Although the etiology of obesity is complex, social disparities are gaining attention for their contribution to obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of obesity and to explore the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and obesity by race in Mississippi. Data from the 2014 Mississippi Behavior Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used in this study (n = 3794). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were conducted using SAS Proc. Survey procedures to account for BRFSS's multistage complex survey design and sample weights. The overall prevalence of self-reported obesity was 37%. Multiple logistic regression model showed gender was the only variable associated with increased risk of obesity among blacks. Black females were more likely to be obese (Adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4-2.7, ref = male) after controlling for confounders. Among white adults, obesity was significantly associated with physical activity, gender, age and education levels. Those aged 25-44 years (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6, ref ≥ 64 years), those were physically inactivity (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.5, ref = physically active) or had high school education (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.3, ref = college graduate) or some college (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-2.3, ref = college graduate) were more likely to be obese; females (aOR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6-0.9, ref = male) and those aged 18-24 years (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.21-0.9, ref ≥ 64 years) were less likely to be obese.