Barbier Polymerization-Induced Emission towards Fully Substituted Polyethylene Analogues with Non-Traditional Intrinsic Luminescence.

The properties of polyethylene are highly dependent on the variety and quantity of substitutions. Generally, polyethylene can only be fully substituted with fluorine atoms, mainly e. g., polytetrafluoroethylene and nafion, because atomic radius of fluorine atom is small enough. The preparation of fully substituted polyethylene analogues (FSPEA) and their non-traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) are attractive, especially for substitutions with relatively larger atomic radii than a fluorine atom. Here, Barbier polymerization-induced emission (PIE) is demonstrated as a universal method for the molecular design of NTIL type FSPEAs with intriguing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behaviors. Through Barbier polymerization of diphenyldichloromethane and different peroxyesters in the presence of Mg in one pot, a series of FSPEAs, including polytriphenylethanol (PTPE), polydiphenylfurylethanol (PDPFE), polydiphenylthiophenylethanol (PDPTE) and polydiphenylnaphthylethanol (PDPNE) have been successfully prepared. Further potential applications for explosive detection, artificial light-harvesting system and white phosphor-converted light-emitting diode are investigated. Therefore, this work opens up a new approach for the molecular design of FSPEA with non-conjugated luminescence, which may cause inspirations to different research fields like polyolefin and luminescent materials.

Rapid screening and evaluation of natural antioxidants from leaf, stem, and root of Artemisia argyi by online liquid microextraction combined with HPLC-based antioxidant assay system coupled with calibration quantitative analysis.

To reveal the utilization value of leaf, stem, and root of Artemisia argyi, a rapid online liquid microextraction combined with a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with 2,2-nitrogen-di (3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt antioxidant assay system was established for analysis of antioxidants in the leaf, stem, and root of A. argyi, and a calibration quantitative method of antioxidant activity with equivalent chlorogenic acid was proposed. Thirty-three positive peaks were identified; among them, 12 compounds were found that possess good antioxidant activity including eleven organic acids (components 2-4, 8, 11-14, 17, 19, and 21) and one flavonoids (component 22). The proposed calibration quantitative method avoided the influence of content of compound and compared the extent of radical scavenging capacity of five antioxidant compounds, which were ranked as follow: 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid > 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid ≈ 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid > 1,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid > chlorogenic acid. In conclusion, this study provided composition and biological potential for the future development of the leaf, stem, and root of A. argyi. It is believed that the online liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography based antioxidant assay system can be widely used for the rapid screening of natural antioxidant components in the different parts of natural products.

The Joint Impact of Trait Competitiveness and Competitive Climate on Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety Among Adolescents.

Competitive climate and individual competitive characteristics jointly affect the mental health of adolescents. Based on person-environment fit theory, this study aimed to examine the effects of the match between trait competitiveness and competitive climate on depressive symptoms and anxiety. In this study, data were collected from 2235 Chinese adolescents in the 10th to 12th grades (48.8% girls; Mage = 16.06 years, SDage = 0.95). Self-reported depressive symptoms, general anxiety, trait competitiveness, and competitive climate were assessed. Polynomial regression analyses and response surface analyses indicated that in cases of congruence, as trait competitiveness and competitive climate increase, depressive symptoms and anxiety increase, as do their growth rate. In cases of incongruence, higher levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety are found when trait competitivenesså competitive climate compared to when competitive climateå trait competitiveness. And as trait competitiveness become increasingly higher than competitive climate, the level of depressive symptoms and anxiety were higher. This serves as a reminder for families and schools to place special emphasis on the mental health of adolescents with high levels of trait competitiveness who may exhibit high levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety.

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in patients with hematological malignancies: A multicenter, prospective cohort study.

Little is known about antibody responses to natural Omicron infection and the risk factors for poor responders in patients with hematological malignancies (HM). We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study during the latest Omicron wave in Chongqing, China, aiming to compare the antibody responses, as assessed by IgG levels of anti-receptor binding domain of spike protein (anti-S-RBD), to Omicron infection in the HM cohort (HMC) with healthy control cohort (HCC), and solid cancer cohort (SCC). In addition, we intend to explore the risk factors for poor responders in the HMC. Among the 466 HM patients in this cohort, the seroconversion rate was 92.7%, no statistically difference compared with HCC (98.2%, p = 0.0513) or SCC (100%, p = 0.1363). The median anti-S-RBD IgG titer was 29.9 ng/mL, significantly lower than that of HCC (46.9 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) or SCC (46.2 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). Risk factors associated with nonseroconversion included no COVID-19 vaccination history (odds ratio [OR] = 4.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.75-12.00, p = 0.002), clinical course of COVID-19 ≤ 7 days (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.31-6.25, p = 0.008) and severe B-cell reduction (0-10/µL) (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.32-7.88, p = 0.010). Risk factors associated with low anti-S-RBD IgG titer were clinical course of COVID-19 ≤ 7 days (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.59-4.18, p < 0.001) and severe B-cell reduction (0-10/µL) (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.57-5.24, p < 0.001). This study reveals a poor antibody responses to Omicron (BA.5.2.48) infection in HM patients and identified risk factors for poor responders. Highlights that HM patients, especially those with these risk factors, may be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, and the postinfection vaccination strategies for these patients should be tailored. Clinical trial: ChiCTR2300071830.

Identification and quantification of nine compounds in Fangwen Jiuwei decoction by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Fangwen Jiuwei Decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of pneumonia developed by Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, which shows remarkable clinical responses. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the main active compounds are crucial for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in clinical application. In this study, we identified nine active compounds essential for the pharmacological effects of Fangwen Jiuwei Decoction based on the analysis of the Network Pharmacology and relevant literature. Moreover, these compounds can interact with several crucial drug targets in pneumonia based on molecular docking. We applied high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established these nine active ingredients' qualitative and quantitative detections. The possible cleavage pathways of nine active components were determined based on secondary ions mass spectrometry. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were further validated, which show a satisfactory correlation coefficient (r > 0.99), recovery rate (≥93.31%), repeatability rate (≤5.62%), stability (≤7.95%), intra-day precision (≤6.68%), and inter-day precision (≤9.78%). The limit of detection was as low as 0.01 ng/ml. In this study, we established a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the chemical components in the Fangwen Jiuwei Decoction extract.

Barbier Hyperbranching Polymerization-Induced Emission from an AB-Type Monomer.

Luminescent polymer materials have gained considerable research efforts in the past decades and are generally molecular designed by extending the π system of the polymer main chain or by incorporating chromophores into the polymer chain, which suffer from poor solubility, difficult synthesis, or multi-step procedures. Meanwhile, according to the step-growth polymerization theory, synthesis of hyperbranched polymers from an AB-type monomer is still challenging. Herein, we report a one-pot synthesis of nonconjugated luminescent hyperbranched polymer material via Barbier hyperbranching polymerization-induced emission (PIE) from an AB-type monomer. The key step in the realization of the hyperbranched polymer is bi-functionalization of a mono-functional group. Through a Barbier reaction between an organohalide and an ester group in one pot, bi-functionalization of mono-functional ester is realized through two-step nucleophilic additions, resulting in hyperbranched polytriphenylmethanols (HPTPM). Attributed to through-space conjugation and inter- and intramolecular charge-transfer effects induced by polymer chain, nonconjugated HPTPMs are PIEgens, which are tunable by monomer structure and polymerization time. When all phenyl groups are rotatable, HPTPM is aggregation-induced emission type PIEgen. Whereas, it is aggregation-caused quenching type PIEgen if some phenyl groups are rotation forbidden. Further potential applications of PIEgen are in the fields of explosive detection and artificial light harvesting systems. This work, therefore, expands the monomer library and molecular design library of hyperbranched polymers through "bi-functionalization of mono-functional group" strategy, which eventually expands the preparation library of nonconjugated luminescent polymer materials through one-pot PIE from nonemissive monomer.

Determination of six core components from Mahuang Xuanfei Zhike syrup in rat plasma and tissues by UPLC-MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study.

Mahuang Xuanfei Zhike (MXZ) syrup, a Chinese patent medicine, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of cough. However, there is no reported method for the quantitative analysis of the effective components of MXZ syrup in biological samples. In this study, the effective components of MXZ syrup were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. A sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to test the active components of MXZ syrup in rat plasma and tissue homogenates, including ephedrine, amygdalin, chlorogenic acid, harpagoside, forsythin and forsythoside A. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm) and the mass analysis was conducted using a Waters Xevo TQ mass spectrometer using multiple reaction positive and negative ion simultaneous monitoring mode. The results showed that the linearity ranged from 0.3 to 409.4 ng/ml. The extraction recoveries were all <8.33%, and the matrix effects were all <8.45, which met the requirements. The pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution results indicated that the main active components of MXZ syrup were absorbed quickly and eliminated slowly in vivo, and there may be a reabsorption process.

Parent-child relationship and problematic smartphone use among chinese adolescents: a moderated mediation model.

To explore the influence and mechanism of parent-child relationship on adolescents' problematic smartphone use, a sample of 3355 Chinese adolescents (M age=16.93, SD = 0.49, range: 14-19 years old; 48% boys) is recruited to measure parent-child relationship, problematic smartphone use, personal growth initiative, and school belonging. The results are as follows. (1) After controlling for gender, age and time spent online per day, parent-child relationship is negatively correlated with problematic smartphone use, and the negative association between parent-child relationship and problematic smartphone use is mediated by the personal growth initiative. (2) The association between parent-child relationship and problematic smartphone use, the association between parent-child relationship and personal growth initiative, and the association between personal growth initiative and problematic smartphone use are all moderated by school belonging and are stronger in adolescents with a high level of school belonging. The present study highlights the mediating role of personal growth initiative and the moderating role of school belonging in the association between parent-child relationship and problematic smartphone use. This study also contributes to a better understanding of the effects, paths, and conditions of parent-child relationship on the problematic smartphone use of adolescents and provides constructive suggestions for preventing adolescents' problematic smartphone use in the mobile Internet era.

Brain cannabinoid receptor 2: expression, function and modulation.

Cannabis sativa (marijuana) is a fibrous flowering plant that produces an abundant variety of molecules, some with psychoactive effects. At least 4% of the world's adult population uses cannabis annually, making it one of the most frequently used illicit drugs in the world. The psychoactive effects of cannabis are mediated primarily through cannabinoid receptor (CBR) subtypes. The prevailing view is that CB1Rs are mainly expressed in the central neurons, whereas CB2Rs are predominantly expressed in peripheral immune cells. However, this traditional view has been challenged by emerging strong evidence that shows CB2Rs are moderately expressed and function in specific brain areas. New evidence has demonstrated that brain CB2Rs modulate animal drug-seeking behaviors, suggesting that these receptors may exist in brain regions that regulate drug addiction. Recently, we further confirmed that functional CB2Rs are expressed in mouse ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons and that the activation of VTA CB2Rs reduces neuronal excitability and cocaine-seeking behavior. In addition, CB2R-mediated modulation of hippocampal CA3 neuronal excitability and network synchronization has been reported. Here, we briefly summarize recent lines of evidence showing how CB2Rs modulate function and pathophysiology in the CNS.

[Study on HPLC Fingerprint of Solanum nigrum Fruit].

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint method of Solanum nigrum fruit for its identification and quality evaluation. Methods: The analysis was carried out by Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18column( 150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 µm),and eluted with mobile phase containing of acetonitrile-0. 3% phosphoric acid in a gradient mode. The temperature of column was 25 ℃,the flow rate was 1. 0m L / min, the detection wavelength was set at 205 nm, the injection volume was 10 µL. The similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM( version 2004A) was used to calculate the similarity degree of the HPLC fingerprint of Solanum nigrum fruit. . Results: The HPLC fingerprint of ten batches Solanum nigrum fruit was established with twelve common peaks. Two characteristic peaks included solasonine and solamargine were confirmed. Conclusion: The results indicate that establishing HPLC fingerprint of Solanum nigrum fruit can provide more comprehensive reference for identification and quality evaluation of Solanum nigrum fruit

[Study on Triterpenoids from Helicteres angustifolia by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography].

Objective: To develop a method for separation and purification of triterpenoids from Helicteres angustifolia by highspeed countercurrent chromatography( HSCCC). Methods: The ethyl acetate extract of Helicteres angustifolia were separated by two-step HSCCC. The structures of the target compounds were identified by ESI-MS and1H-NMR and characterized by FTIR. Results: Six compounds were isolated and prepared from ethyl acetate extract of Helicteres angustifolia,and identified as methyl helicterilate( 1),methyl helicterate( 2),helicterilic acid( 3),helicteric acid( 4),betulic acid( 5),oleanolic acid( 6). The purity of the chemical constituents were determined by HPLC,and the mass fraction was more than 95. 0%,respectively. Conclusion: This method is suitable for the separation and preparation of triterpenoids from Helicteres angustifolia,which is rapid,high purity and high yield.

[Study on Chemical Constituents of Petroleum Ether Fraction from Rubus alceaefolius].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of Rubus alceaefolius. METHODS: Nine compounds were isolated and purified from the petroleum ether extract of 95% alcohol extract of Rubus alceaefolius by repeated column chromatography on silica, Sephadex LH-20 and structurally identified by spectral analysis. RESULTS: The compounds were identified as chrysophanol(1), physcion (2), ß-sitosterol(3), 3-oxotirucalla-7, 24-dien-21-oic acid(4), myricadiol(5), 19-α-hydroxy-3-acetyl-ursolic acid(6), N-benzoylphenylalaninyl-N-benzoylphenylalaninate(7), aurantiamide acetate(8) and euscaphic acid(9). CONCLUSION: Compounds land 4~8 are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 4 - 8 are found in plants of Rubus genus for the first time.

[HPLC Fingerprints of Clerodendrum lindleyi].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Clerodendrum lindleyi in order to provide the basis for its quality standard. METHODS: The chromatographic fingerprint was obtained with Angilent Zorbax C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column and gradiently eluted with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution. The column temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detection wavelength was 327 nm. RESULTS: HPLC fingerprint of Clerodendrum lindleyi was established and 21 common peaks from 11 batches of samples were found. CONCLUSION: The method has good precision, stability and repeatability, which can provide reliable basis for quality evaluation of Clerodendrum lindleyi.

[Chemical constituents from roots of Rubus parvifolius].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Rubus parvifolius. METHODS: The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, as well as preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and NMR analysis. RESULTS: Six comounds were isolated and identified as 3-O-Acetyl-11α, 12α-epoxy-oleanan-28,ß-olide( I ) ,3-O-Acetyl-pomolic acid( II ), Ursolic acid( Ill),Ursolic acid acetate (1V ), Euscaphic acid ( V) and ß-Sitosterol ( VI). CONCLUSION: Compounds I , II and IV are isolated from Rubus parvifolius for the first time.

Family Income and Child Depression: The Chain Mediating Effect of Parental Involvement, Children's Self-Esteem, and Group Differences.

Family income is an important factor that affects depression in children and can indirectly be associated with children's development through family and individual factors. However, few studies have examined the mechanism of multiple risk factors. Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between family income and child depression, as well as the chain mediating the roles of parental involvement and children's self-esteem both in single-parent families and intact families. A total of 1355 primary school students completed questionnaires that assessed family income, parental involvement, children's self-esteem, and depression. The results showed that family income influenced child depression through both the mediating roles of parental involvement and children's self-esteem and the chain mediating role of parental involvement and children's self-esteem. Meanwhile, family income only influenced child depression through chain mediation in single-parent families. The group differences in the mechanism of depression provide a reference for empirical research on depression intervention in children from different family structures.

Enhanced Selective Degradation of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products by ß-Cyclodextrin-Decorated ZIF-67 Nanocomposites in Reclaimed Water.

A peroxymonosulfate oxidation system was developed via modification of ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) on the surface of Fe2+-doped ZIF-67 (CD/Fe@ZIF-67) as an activator. The 99.7% carbamazepine, 91.3% bisphenol A (BPA), and 95.4% diclofenac (DCF) degradation efficiency were achieved within 10 min, 60, and 1 min, respectively. The hydrophobicity of these three pollutants is positively correlated with their adsorption kinetic constants by CD/Fe@ZIF-67 due to the introduction of ß-CD. Scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance spectra confirmed that carbamazepine was preferentially oxidized by SO4•- [λ(SO4•-)(70.5%) > λ(•OH)(28.2%) > λ(O2•-)(1.3%)], where SO4•- and O2•- played dominant roles in the degradation of BPA [λ(SO4•-)(71.7%) > λ(O2•-)(22.8%) > λ(•OH)(5.5%)], and O2•- was responsible for DCF removal [λ(O2•-) = 93.2%]. Additionally, the particulate catalyst was immobilized in the shell side of a ceramic membrane in a membrane reactor for catalyst recovery. This reactor achieved nearly 100% removal efficiency under optimal conditions: 0.036 wt % catalyst loading, 0.5 mM peroxymonosulfate concentration, 1 L inflow, 10 mg/L initial carbamazepine concentration, and 0.012 L/min hydraulic retention time. In summary, this study elucidates the active role of ß-CD in a polymetallic/peroxymonosulfate system and provides valuable insights into the development of effective oxidation methods for pharmaceutical and personal care products in wastewater.

Initiating PeriCBD to probe perinatal influences on neurodevelopment during 3-10 years in China.

Adverse perinatal factors can interfere with the normal development of the brain, potentially resulting in long-term effects on the comprehensive development of children. Presently, the understanding of cognitive and neurodevelopmental processes under conditions of adverse perinatal factors is substantially limited. There is a critical need for an open resource that integrates various perinatal factors with the development of the brain and mental health to facilitate a deeper understanding of these developmental trajectories. In this Data Descriptor, we introduce a multicenter database containing information on perinatal factors that can potentially influence children's brain-mind development, namely, periCBD, that combines neuroimaging and behavioural phenotypes with perinatal factors at county/region/central district hospitals. PeriCBD was designed to establish a platform for the investigation of individual differences in brain-mind development associated with perinatal factors among children aged 3-10 years. Ultimately, our goal is to help understand how different adverse perinatal factors specifically impact cognitive development and neurodevelopment. Herein, we provide a systematic overview of the data acquisition/cleaning/quality control/sharing, processes of periCBD.

[Optimization extraction conditions of triphyllin A in Pronephrium triphyllum].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the extraction conditions for triphyllin A in Pronephrium triphyllum. METHODS: The content of triphyllin A in the Pronephrium triphyllum was determined by HPLC. Concentration and volume of the alcohol,time and times of the extraction were assayed by orthogonal test to detect their influences on the extraction rate of triphyllin A in the Pronephrium triphyllum. RESULTS: Alcohol volume and extraction times had significant influence on the process (P < 0.05) while alcohol concentration and extraction time had no effect. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:50 fold 60% alcohol, extraction for 3 times and 50 min for each time. CONCLUSION: The extration rate of triphyllin A is higher,and the process can be used for the development and production of Pronephrium triphyllum.

HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma in the combination antiretroviral therapy era: Real-world outcomes and prognostication.

We performed a retrospective study to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus-associated Burkitt's lymphoma in Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, southwest China, from March 2012 to February 2022. In the entire cohort, the median age was 36 years (range, 28-60 years), and more patients were male (82.4%). The median CD4+ T cell count was 214/µl (range, 54-601), of whom 47.1% had a CD4+ T cell count below 200/µl. Most patients had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), elevated ß2-MG, extranodal involvement and advanced Ann Arbor stage at diagnosis. With a median follow-up of 11.5 months (range, 1.6-94.9 months), the overall 1-year progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) rates were 27.6% and 47.6%, respectively. The 1-year OS times in the LDH < 3 upper limit of normal and LDH ≥ 3 upper limit of normal groups were 62.5% and 31.3%, respectively (p = 0.008). The 1-year OS times in the received <4 cycles and ≥4 cycles groups were 0% and 77.8%, respectively (p < 0.001). These results demonstrated that LDH < 3 upper limit of normal and received ≥4 cycles of chemotherapy were significantly associated with improved outcomes. However, rituximab administration was not significantly associated with improved outcomes.

One-Pot Synthesis of Stimuli-Responsive Fluorescent Polymers through Polymerization-Induced Emission.

Stimuli-responsive opposite emission (A)/absorption (B) polymer material (A∪B = Ω and A∩B = Ø) represents a novel polymer material that is difficult to prepare. Here, we demonstrate a one-pot strategy for the molecular design of stimuli-responsive opposite emission/absorption polymer material with intriguing properties of opposite emission/absorption and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) type nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) in the visible region, through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization-induced emission (PIE) of the N,N-dimethyl-triphenylmethanol moiety. Investigations reveal that NTIL is due to the through-space conjugation effect caused by polymer chain entanglement, when increasing the repeating unit number. The corresponding stimuli-responsive opposite emission/absorption properties are derived from the carbocation-quinoid mechanism, which enables the fluorescence encryption capability. This work therefore demonstrates the proof of concept of a novel opposite emission/absorption polymer material that might cause inspiration in different fields.