Impact of the 2005 and 2010 Spanish smoking laws on hospital admissions for tobacco-related diseases in Valencia, Spain.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the impact of the latest smoke-free legislation on hospital admission rates due to smoking-related diseases in Spain. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate changes in hospital admission rates for cardiovascular, respiratory diseases, and smoking-related cancer in Valencia, Spain, during the period 1995-2013. Law 28/2005 and then law 42/2010 prohibited smoking in bars and restaurants as well as playgrounds and access points to schools and hospitals. METHODS: General population data by age and sex were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics census. Data on hospital admissions were obtained from the Minimum Basic Data Set. Diagnoses were codified according to the International Classification of Diseases-9th revision. Data from all hospitals of the Valencian Community from 1995 to 2013 were analysed. Trend analyses in the periods before and after the approval of the 2005 law were conducted using least-squares linear regression models. RESULTS: Adjusted hospital admission rates per 100,000 inhabitants for cardiovascular diseases significantly decreased after the 2005 Law (from 550.0/100,000 in 2005 to 500.5/100,000 in 2007), with a further decrease (to 434.6/100,000) in 2013, after the 2010 Law. Reductions in hospital admissions were seen in men and women, although declining trends were more marked in men. Hospital admission rates for respiratory diseases showed a reduction of a lower magnitude, whereas for smoking-related cancer admissions there was a slight decline only among men. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish comprehensive smoking ban resulted in a remarkable reduction of the adjusted rate of hospital admissions mainly associated to cardiovascular diseases. The decrease in the number of persons requiring in-patient care is relevant and may be viewed as an improvement of the public's health.

Influence of sociodemographic factors in the prevalence of obesity in Spain. The SEEDO'97 Study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influence of social and cultural factors in the prevalence of obesity in the Spanish adult population aged 25--60 y based on available population data. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of four cross-sectional nutrition surveys. SUBJECTS: A total of 5388 free-living subjects aged 25--60 y, respondents of the Nutritional Surveys carried out in four Spanish regions (Catalunya, Basque Country, Madrid and Valencia) from 1990 to 1994. The samples were pooled together and weighted to build a national random sample. MEASUREMENTS: Weight and height were measured on each individual by trained observers. Age, gender, educational level, occupation, habitat (rural/urban) and region were considered. Obesity was defined as body mass index > or = 30 kg/m(2). The protocol used in each survey was in accordance with the recommendations of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEEDO). Logistic regression models were designed to analyse the influence of sociodemographic factors in the prevalence of obesity in men and women. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was higher in older age groups in men and women, odds ratio (OR) for every 10 y OR=1.40 (95% CI 1.39--1.41) for men and OR=1.86 (95% CI 1.85--1.87) for women. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age showed higher obesity rates among low educated people, OR=1.80 (95% CI 1.78--1.81) in men and OR=2.36 (95% CI 2.29--2.42) in women (P<0.001). Among men the odds ratio for the prevalence of obesity in rural areas was OR=1.87 (95% CI 1.86--1.89), compared to cities. The geographical distribution showed higher obesity rates in the southeast. CONCLUSION: This study supports that obesity is a multifactorial problem. Older women with low educational level and low income seem to be the most susceptible group to weight gain. Therefore, Public Health Programs should consider this type of environmental factor when planning strategies aimed at preventing or reducing the problem of obesity in western societies.

[Prevalence of obesity in the Valencia community]. / Prevalencia de obesidad en la Comunidad Valenciana.

BACKGROUND: This paper describes the ponderal distribution of a representative adult population sample of the Community of Valencia (CV) in Spain. Moreover it estimates the prevalence of obesity by sex, age groups and levels of education. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Weight and height data obtained by direct measurement of 1.787 participants in the Survey of Nutrition and Health of the CV in 1994 with a representative population sample of adults over the age of 14. Quetelet's index (QI) (QI - kg/m2) was used as ponderal indicator and established populations with Q1 > or = 30 as being obese. The prevalence of obesity was estimated by age groups, sex and level of education adjusted by the age structure of the same sample. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of obesity was 16.4%, 17.8% in women versus 14.7 in men. The obesity varied with age from 3.7% in the 15-24 age group to 32.4% in the 50-64 age group and 28.6% for the over 65 years age group. Obesity was more frequent in men under 34 years, and in women over 50 years of age. In reference to levels of education, a higher prevalence was observed in individuals with a lower education. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study make it evident that the prevalence of obesity in the CV is more than in other autonomous Spanish communities. The frequency of obesity increased with age up to 65 years, and was more prevalent in women and in individuals with lower levels of education.

[Validity of notified anthropometric data for determining the prevalence of obesity]. / Validez de los datos antropométricos declarados para la determinación de la prevalencia de obesidad.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the anthropometric data declared by participants in the Survey of Nutrition and Health in the Community of Valencia, Spain in 1994 to estimate the prevalence of obesity using the values obtained by direct measurement in the participants themselves as a reference. METHOD: The characteristics of the people who did not declare their weight and/or height were analyzed. Complete information on self declared and measured weight and height was collected in 1,387 subjects (700 males and 687 females). The mean values and proportion of indexes declared and measured were compared and the sensitivity (S), specificity (SP) and predictive values (PV) of a Quetelet Index (QI) QI >or= 30 kg/m2 were estimated to detect obesity in reference to the measured values. RESULTS: Those who did not declare their weight and/or height demonstrated a higher prevalence of obesity than those who did; 27.9% versus 13.1%, the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). The subjects who did declare were found to underestimate their weight, overestimate their height and thus, underestimate their relative weight (RW). This phenomenon was found to be greater in women and in older subjects. The prevalence of undeclared obesity was 10% versus 16.3% in that measured. The S of QI >or= 30 kg/m2 for screening obesity was 66.5%, being 69.3% in women and 63% in men, with a SP of 98.7% and positive PV of 92.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The estimation of the prevalence of obesity from a Quetelet Index >or= 30 kg/m2 based on self-reported data leads to a considerable underestimation of this problem at population level therefore questioning its validity.

[Prevalence of obesity in Spain: the SEEDO'97 study. Spanish Collaborative Group for the Study of Obesity]. / Prevalencia de la obesidad en España: estudio SEEDO'97. Grupo Colaborativo Español para el Estudio de la Obesidad.

BACKGROUND: The weight distribution of a random sample of Spanish population aged 25-60 years is described. The prevalence of obesity and overweight is estimated by sex, age group and cultural level. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Weight, height and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were measured on 5,388 subjects aged 25-60 yr who participated in population Nutritional surveys carried out in four Spanish autonomous regions (Cataluña, País Vasco, Madrid and Valencia) from 1989 to 1994. They were pooled together in order to build a national random sample. The sample was classified according to body mass index (BMI) (weight in kg/height in m2). Obesity was defined as BMI > or = 30 kg/m2. The prevalence of obesity by sex, age group and cultural level was estimated. Risk values for WHR were defined as WHR > 1 for men and WHR > 0.9 for women. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 13.4%, 11.5% among men and 15.2% among women. Obesity increased with age in men and women, from 5.3% in the 25-34 yr group to 26.3% in the age group 55-60. Among those with a BMI > or = 30, 30.7% of men and 25.1% of women had also risk values for WHR. Educational level showed an inverse relationship with obesity, thus obesity was higher in less educated groups, particularly among women (p < 0.001). The geographical distribution of obesity showed a south-southeast trend, significant for males (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of obesity in Spain was 13.4%, higher after 45 yr of age, particularly in women and less educated groups.

[Assessment of various anthropologic methods for estimation of the height of persons over 65 years of age]. / Valoración de distintos métodos antropométricos en la estimación de la talla en personas mayores de 65 años.

The height measurement of people older than 65 years of age is limited in may cases by alterations of the vertebral column, which is why the determination of the body mass index for the evaluation of the nutritional status may be very imprecise. Formulae have been developed based on the height of the knee or the distance between the knee and the external malleolus, for estimating the height. With this study we wish to contrast the estimated height using these formulae with the height obtained in standing people older than 65 years of age. We studied a total of 202 patients, assessing the height based on the different methods of estimation, as well as using the body mass index. When analyzing the results, we found that there were no significant differences between the average height estimated from the height of the knee or the distance from the knee to the malleolus, and the average height obtained by diet measurement, and that the height estimated from the height of the knee has a greater average relative error (0.43) than the height estimated using the knee to malleolus distance (0.08). The obtained results show us that the height assessment of people older than 65 years of age should always take place by measuring them while standing, and in those subjects in whom this is not possible, the height will be estimated using one of the two formulae, as both are useful in our environment, although we recommended using the estimate based on the knee malleolus distance as this is simpler.

Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO consensus document). Methodology and executive summary (I/III).

The present study is a consensus document of two Spanish scientific associations, FESNAD (Spanish Federation of Societies of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics Associations) and SEEDO (Spanish Association for the Study of Obesity), about the role of the diet in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. In this part of the document the methodology and the classification of levels of evidence are described. In order to reach the strongest evidence possible, a systematic review of 543 medical studies dealing with these issues published in the last 15 years (from January 1st 1996 to January 31st 2011) has been conducted. In the executive summary, along with the obtained evidences, a set of degree-classified recommendations are established. These recommendations could constitute a useful tool to design food guides addressed to the nutritional counseling for obesity and overweight treatment.

Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO consensus document). The role of diet in obesity prevention (II/III).

This study is a consensus document of two Spanish scientific associations, FESNAD (Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetetic Associations) and SEEDO (Spanish Association for the Study of Obesity), about the role of the diet in the prevention and of overweight and obesity in adults. It is the result of a careful and systematic review of the data published in the medical literature from January 1st 1996 to January 31st 2011 concerning the role of the diet on obesity prevention. The conclusions obtained have been classified according several evidence levels. Subsequently, in agreement with these evidence levels, different degree recommendations are established. These recommendations could be potentially useful to design food guides as part of strategies to prevent overweight and obesity.

Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO consensus document). The role of diet in obesity treatment (III/III).

This study is a consensus document of two Spanish scientific associations, FESNAD (Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetic Associations) and SEEDO (Spanish Association for the Study of Obesity), about the role of the diet in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. It is the result of a careful and systematic review of the data published in the medical literature from January 1st 1996 to January 31st 2011 concerning the role of the diet on obesity treatment. The achieved conclusions have been classified into various evidence levels. Subsequently in agreement with these evidence levels, different degree recommendations are established being potentially useful to design food guides as part of strategies addressed to the treatment overweight and obesity.

Recomendaciones nutricionales basadas en la evidencia para la prevención y el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en adultos (consenso FESNAD-SEEDO). Metodología y resumen ejecutivo (I/III) / Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO) Consensus Document). Methodology and executive summary (I/III)

En el presente trabajo se describe la metodología y los grados de evidencia utilizados en la elaboración del documento de consenso de la Federación Española de Sociedades de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética (FESNAD) y la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO) sobre el papel de la dieta en la prevención y el tratamiento de la obesidad y el sobrepeso.Para obtener la mayor evidencia posible se ha efectuado una revisión sistemática de los datos de la literatura médica desde el 1 de enero de 1996 al 31 de enero de 2011 (15 años).En el resumen ejecutivo, junto a las evidencias alcanzadas, se establecen unas recomendaciones clasificadas según grados que pueden servir de guía y orientación en el diseño de pautas alimentarias dirigidas a la prevención o al tratamiento de la obesidad o el sobrepeso (AU)

The present study is a consensus document of two Spanish scientific associations, FESNAD (Spanish Federation of Societies of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics Associations) and SEEDO (Spanish Association for the Study of Obesity), about the role of the diet in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. In this part of the document the methodology and the classification of levels of evidence are described.In order to reach the strongest evidence possible, a systematic review of 543 medical studies dealing with these issues published in the last 15 years (from January 1st 1996 to January 31st 2011) has been conducted.In the executive summary, along with the obtained evidences, a set of degree-classified recommendations are established. These recommendations could constitute a useful tool to design food guides addressed to the nutritional counseling for obesity and overweight treatment (AU)

Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO consensus document). The role of diet in obesity prevention (II/III) / Recomendaciones nutricionales basadas en la evidencia para la prevención y el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en adultos (consenso FESNAD-SEEDO). La dieta en el tratamiento de la obesidad (II/III)

This study is a consensus document of two Spanish scientific associations, FESNAD (Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetetic Associations) and SEEDO (Spanish Association for the Study of Obesity), about the role of the diet in the prevention and of overweight and obesity in adults. It is the result of a careful and systematic review of the data published in the medical literature from January 1st 1996 to January 31st 2011 concerning the role of the diet on obesity prevention. The conclusions obtained have been classified according several evidence levels. Subsequently, in agreement with these evidence levels, different degree recommendations are established. These recommendations could be potentially useful to design food guides as part of strategies to prevent overweight and obesity (AU)

Se presenta un consenso de la Federación Española de Sociedades de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética (FESNAD) y la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO) sobre la dieta en la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad, tras efectuar una revisión sistemática de los datos de la literatura médica desde el 1 de enero de 1996 al 31 de enero de 2011. Las conclusiones obtenidas se han catalogado según niveles de evidencia. Se establecen unas recomendaciones clasificadas según grados que pueden servir de guía y orientación en el diseño de pautas alimentarias dirigidas a la prevención de la obesidad o el sobrepeso (AU)

Recomendaciones nutricionales basadas en la evidencia para la prevención y el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en adultos (consenso FESNAD-SEEDO). La dieta en el tratamiento de la obesidad (III/III) / Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO consensus document). The role of diet in obesity treatment (III/III)

Se presenta un consenso de la Federación Española de Sociedades de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética (FESNAD) y la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO) sobre la dieta en el tratamiento de la obesidad, tras efectuar una revisión sistemática de los datos de la literatura médica desde el 1 de enero de 1996 al 31 de enero de 2011.Las conclusiones obtenidas se han catalogado según niveles de evidencia.Se establecen unas recomendaciones clasificadas según grados que pueden servir de guía y orientación en el diseño de pautas alimentarias dirigidas al tratamiento de la obesidad o el sobrepeso (AU)

This study is a consensus document of two Spanish scientific associations, FESNAD (Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetic Associations) and SEEDO (Spanish Association for the Study of Obesity), about the role of the diet in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. It is the result of a careful and systematic review of the data published in the medical literature from January 1st 1996 to January 31st 2011 concerning the role of the diet on obesity treatment.The achieved conclusions have been classified into various evidence levels. Subsequently in agreement with these evidence levels, different degree recommendations are established being potentially useful to design food guides as part of strategies addressed to the treatment overweight and obesity (AU)

Baja masa ósea y factores ginecológicos asociados en mujeres climatéricas / Low bone mass density and gynecological factors in climacteric women

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido estimar la prevalencia de baja masa ósea en mujeres y medir su asociación con factores ginecológicos. Sujetos y método. Estudio poblacional transversal de una muestra representativa de la población femenina de 45 a 69 años del departamento sanitario de Gandía (Comunidad Valenciana). Se ha practicado absorciometría radiológica de doble energía periférica con PIXI Lunar(R), y se han recogido mediante encuesta las variables ginecológicas de 822 mujeres. Resultados. La prevalencia estimada ha sido del 40,3% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 36,9-43,7) para la baja masa ósea: con un 11,7% (IC 95%: 9,6-14,1) para osteoporosis y un 28,7% (IC 95%: 25,5-31,8) para osteopenia. Se observó asociación de baja masa ósea (BMO) con la edad de menarquia, odds ratio ajustada (ORaj) por edad para 13 y más años de 1,35 (IC 95%:1,01-1,81); con la presentación de menopausia quirúrgica, ORaj =1,95 (IC 95%: 1,05-3,61) y con el periodo fértil de 37 a 39 años, ORaj = 0,44 (IC 95%: 0,29-0,66) y 0,55 (IC 95%: 0,34-0,90) entre 40 y 46 años. Conclusiones. La presencia de ciertos datos de la historia ginecológica, como la menarquia a partir de los 13 años, la menopausia quirúrgica y un periodo fértil menor de 37 años deben ser considerados como indicadores de sospecha para la existencia de baja masa ósea periférica(AU)

Introduction. This study has aimed to estimate the frequency of low bone mass density in women and to measure its association with gynecological factors. Subjects and method. Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the female population aged 45 to 69 years in a Health Care Department of Valencia (Spain). A peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with PIXI Lunar® was performed and the gynecological variables of 822 women were obtained by survey. Results. The estimated prevalence was 40.3% (95% CI: 36.9-43.7) for low bone mass: with 11.7% (95% CI: 9.6-14.1) for osteoporosis and 28.7% (95% CI:25.5-31.8) for osteopenia. An association between BMD and age of menarche, OR adjusted by age, for 13 years or above of 1.35 (95% CI :1.01-1.81) and with fertility time from 37 to 39 years, adjusted OR = 0.44 (95% CI: 0.29-0.66) and 0.55 (0.34-0.90) between 40 and 46 years was observed. Conclusions. The presence of certain data in the gynecology background such as menarche age 13, surgical menopause and fertility time below 37 years should be considered as indicators to suspect peripheral low bone mass(AU)

Capacidad predictiva de la densiometría de calcáneo en mujeres climatéricas / Predictive capacity of calcaneal densitometry in climateric women

Material y métodos. Estudio de la capacidad predictiva del PIXI Lunar(R) en el calcáneo derecho con respecto al densitómetro DXA-Lunar(R), a través de las mediciones practicadas en 100 mujeres entre 46 y 70 años. La validez y seguridad se ha obtenido mediante la estimación de la sensibilidad, especificidad, precisión y valores predictivos para la categorización de la muestra como osteoporosis (OP) y baja masa ósea (BMO). Resultados. La precisión estimada para el PIXI como predictor de OP y BMO ha sido del 72,7% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 62,7-81,0) con referencia a la densitometría de doble energía de rayos X (DXA) de columna y del 73% (IC 95%: 63,0-81,2) y 75% (IC 95%: 65,2-82,9) para la DXA de cadera, respectivamente. La máxima sensibilidad se observó para la BMO comparada con la DXA de fémur, 93,7% (IC 95%: 81,8-98,4) y la máxima especificidad se obtuvo para OP con respecto a DXA de columna, 75,6% (IC 95%: 64,6-84,1). Conclusiones. La categorización realizada con el PIXI de calcáneo se corresponde mejor a la DXA de fémur. Su uso puede servir para clasificar una población según su densidad mineral ósea

Material and methods. We conducted a study of the predictive capacity of PIXI Lunar(R) in the right calcaneus with respect to DXA-Lunar(R) densitometry through measurements carried out in 100 women between 46 and 70 years of age. Validity and safety were assessed by measuring the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive values for the classification of the sample as osteoporosis (OP) and low bone mass (LBM). Results. The estimated accuracy of PIXI as a predictor of OP and LBM was 72.7% (95% CI: 62.7-81.0) with respect to spinal DXA and 73% (95% CI: 63.0-81.2) and 75% (95% CI: 65.2-82.9), respectively for hip DXA. The maximum sensitivity was observed for LBM as compared to DXA of the femur, 93.7% (95% CI:81.8-98.4) and the maximum specificity was obtained for OP with respect to spinal DXA, 75.6% (95% CI: 64.6-84.1). Conclusions. Classification using PIXI of the calcaneus corresponds best to DXA of the femur. PIXI can be used to classify a population according to its bone mineral density

¿Es la dieta la responsable de las apendicitis agudas? / Is the diet in the origin of acute appendicitis?

Con el objetivo de investigar la relación entre alimentación y apendicitis aguda (AA) hemos realizado un estudio prospectivo de casos y controles durante 18 meses en niños entre 4 y 14 años, analizando la alimentación de 147 niños intervenidos de AA y comparándola con la de 161 niños-control, mediante la utilización de un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria. Hemos analizado la ingesta total de 93 alimentos y 30 nutrientes mediante el programa informático Food Procesor Plus, categorizando los grupos atendiendo a los tertiles de consumo diario. Hemos calculado el riesgo relativo de AA mediante la odd ratio y su intervalo de confianza. No hemos encontrado diferencias significativas para la talla, peso y edad entre ambos grupos. Las niñas presentaron un mayor riesgo (OR =1,60) de AA. El mayor consumo de carnes (OR = 0,56), pescados (OR = 0,51) y hortalizas (OR = 0,53) se asoció a un menor riesgo de AA. El alto consumo de alimentos grasos conlleva un mayor riesgo de AA (OR = 2,53). No hemos encontrado diferencias significativas entre los casos y controles en el consumo de fibra y cereales. En cuanto a los nutrientes, el mayor consumo de proteínas (OR = 0,56), niacina (OR = 0,55) y selenio (OR = 0,56) se ha relacionado con una menor incidencia de AA. Por el contrario el cobre (OR = 1,57), colesterol (OR = 1,73) e hidratos de carbono (OR = 1,74), se han asociado de forma positiva con la AA (AU)

¿Es hereditaria la apendicitis aguda? / No disponible

Antecedentes/Objetivos. La etiología de la apendicitis aguda (AA) es desconocida. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar si la apendicitis aguda se puede heredar. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles durante un período de 18 meses en niños entre 4 y 14 años. Los casos fueron 147 niños intervenidos de apendicitis aguda con confirmación anatomopatológica. Los controles fueron 161 niños hospitalizados por otras causas. Se comparó el sexo, la edad, el índice de masa corporal y los antecedentes de AA en familiares de primer y segunda grado, estimándose el riesgo relativo de AA mediante el cálculo de la odd ratio con el intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados. Las niñas (OR=1,83) y los paciente entre 9 y 11 años (OR=1,84) presentaron un mayor riesgo de A.A; por el contrario los niños con alto índice de masa corporal (OR=0,64) presentaron menor incidencia. En el 65% de los casos había antecedentes familiares de AA frente 55% de los controles, siendo la odds ratio de 1,50. El riesgo de AA era más alto cuando el familiar intervenido de AA era de primer grado (OR=1,32), y mucho mayor cuando eran dos los familiares intervenidos (OR=2,47). Conclusiones. Los niños con antecedentes familiares de AA tienen mayor riesgo de sufrirla, pero nuestros resultados no han podido establecer si el mecanismo de transmisión es hereditario o por compartir en familia una exposición continuada a los mismos factores ambientales (AU)

Background/Purpose. The aetiology of acute appendicitis (AA) is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if there is a relationship between heredity and AA. Methods. A case-control study was carried out during 18 months including children between 4 and 14 years old. Cases were 147 children who underwent an appendectomy with histologic confirmation of AA. Controls were 161 children hospitalized by other causes. Comparisons were made between the two groups, and Odds Ratios with 95% confidence interval were estimated for gender, age, body mass index and family histories of AA on first and second-degrees relatives. Results. Girls (OR=1,83) and children between 9-11 years old (1.84) showed higher risks of AA and in children with high body mass index have lower rates (0.64), A positive parental history of AA was reported by 65% of cases and 55% of controls (OR=1,50). The odds ratio was higher when the relatives with AA were of first degree (OR=1.32), and when two relatives were affected (OR=2.47). Conclusions. Our study gives some evidence that children with a family history of AA are at higher risk of AA, but we cannot assure whether the higher risk is due to an heredity transmission or to a shared exposure in the same family environmental factors (AU)

Correlación densiométrica entre la medida del calcáneo con el nuevo DXL y la medida con DXA central / Densiometry correlation between new calcaneus DXL and central DXA measuring

La absorciometría fotónica dual de fuente radiológica (DXA) es la mejor técnica para evaluar la densidad mineral ósea y predecir el riesgo de fractura. Comparamos los resultados diagnósticos de DXA central con una nueva técnica periférica de rayos X de energía dual y láser (DXL).Material y métodos. Estudio comparativo a 46 sujetos. Se practicó DXA central y DXL periférica de calcáneo, considerando para ambos osteoporosis con cifras inferiores a -2,5 desviaciones estándar (DE), osteopenia 2,5 a 1 DE y normalidad superior a -1 DE. Resultados. La edad media fue de 61,7 años (36-75). Densitometría periférica DXL: osteoporosis en un 26,1 por ciento, osteopenia en un 58,7 por ciento y normalidad en un 15,2 por ciento. Densitometría central en fémur: osteoporosis 26,7 por ciento, osteopenia 46,7 por ciento y normalidad 26,7 por ciento. Densitometría central en columna: osteoporosis 25 por ciento, osteopenia 63,6 por ciento y nomalidad 11,4 por ciento. Conclusiones. Los equipos DXL periféricos permiten una valoración adecuada de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO). Son útiles para el diagnóstico de la osteoporosis (AU)