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1.
Environ Res ; 258: 119440, 2024 Jun 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38906448

RESUMEN

Heavy metal pollution in water sources has become a major worldwide environmental issue, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The pollution of the aquatic environment is increasing as a result of industrialization, climate change, and urban development. The sources of heavy metal pollution in water include mining waste, leachates from landfills, municipal and industrial wastewater, urban runoff, and natural events such as volcanism, weathering, and rock abrasion. Heavy metal ions are toxic and potentially carcinogenic. They can also buildup in biological systems and cause bioaccumulation even at low levels of exposure, heavy metals can cause harm to organs such as the nervous system, liver and lungs, kidneys and stomach, skin, and reproductive systems. There were various approaches tried to purify water and maintain water quality. The main purpose of this article was to investigate the occurrence and fate of the dangerous contaminants (Heavy metal and metalloids) found in domestic and industrial effluents. This effluent mixes with other water streams and is used for agricultural activities and other domestic activities further complicating the issue. It also discussed conventional and non-conventional treatment methods for heavy metals from aquatic environments. Conclusively, a pollution assessment of heavy metals and a human health risk assessment of heavy metals in water resources have been explained. In addition, there have been efforts to focus on heavy metal sequestration from industrial waste streams and to create a scientific framework for reducing heavy metal discharges into the aquatic environment.

2.
Environ Geochem Health ; 46(7): 248, 2024 Jun 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38874631

RESUMEN

All pests can be eliminated with the help of pesticides, which can be either natural or synthetic. Because of the excessive use of pesticides, it is harmful to both ecology and people's health. Pesticides are categorised according to several criteria: their chemical composition, method of action, effects, timing of use, source of manufacture, and formulations. Many aquatic animals, birds, and critters live in danger owing to hazardous pesticides. Metaldehyde is available in various forms and causes significant impact even when small amounts are ingested. Metaldehyde can harm wildlife, including dogs, cats, and birds. This review discusses pesticides, their types and potential environmental issues, and metaldehyde's long-term effects. In addition, it examines ways to eliminate metaldehyde from the aquatic ecosystem before concluding by anticipating how pesticides may affect society. The metal-organic framework and other biosorbents have been appropriately synthesized and subsequently represent the amazing removal of pesticides from effluent as an enhanced adsorbent, such as magnetic nano adsorbents. A revision of the risk assessment for metaldehyde residuals in aqueous sources is also attempted.


Asunto(s)
Acetaldehído , Plaguicidas , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Acetaldehído/análogos & derivados , Animales , Medición de Riesgo , Humanos , Adsorción , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química
3.
Environ Res ; 218: 114984, 2023 02 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36462695

RESUMEN

Pharmaceuticals are a new developing pollutant that is threatening aquatic ecosystems and impacting numerous species in the ecosystem. The aim of this study is the green synthesis of TiO2-Fe2O3-Chitosan nanocomposites in conjunction with Moringa olifera leaves extract and its applicability for ibuprofen removal. Various characterization studies were performed for the synthesized nanocomposites. Box-Behnken design (BBD) is employed to optimize pH, agitation speed, and composite dosage. Equilibrium results show that adsorption process matches with Langmuir isotherm, demonstrating adsorption on the nanocomposite's homogenous surface and follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Using the BBD, pH, adsorbent dose, and agitation speed were examined as adsorption parameters. Ibuprofen elimination was demonstrated to be most successful at a pH of 7.3, using 0.05 g of nanocomposites at a rotational speed of 200 rpm. Thermodynamic parameters for ibuprofen sorption were carried out and the ΔH and ΔS was found to be 76.23 & 0.233. Molecular Docking was performed to find the interaction between the pollutant and the nanocomposite. UV-vis spectra confirm the 243 nm absorption band corresponding to the nanocomposite's surface plasmon resonances. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra relate this band to a group of nanocomposites. The findings of this work emphasize the importance of TiO2-Fe2O3-Chitosan nanocomposites for removing ibuprofen from wastewater.


Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Contaminantes Ambientales , Nanocompuestos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Aguas Residuales , Ibuprofeno , Ecosistema , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Quitosano/química , Porosidad , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Termodinámica , Adsorción , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Nanocompuestos/química , Cinética , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis
4.
Environ Res ; 218: 114824, 2023 02 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36455635

RESUMEN

Water treatment is as much important as it is to satisfying 11 worldwide sustainable development goals out of 17. The removal of Azo is much important as they are toxic and their existence in water, air and food can easily affect humans by triggering allergies, forming tumours etc. Azo contained Dyes Production was banned in many countries. This research aims to synthesize composite Nanorods and Nanospheres and characterize and test to remove Azo dyes from the wastewater. This research used a previously reported method to rapidly synthesize chitin magnetite nanocomposites (ChM) by co-precipitation while irradiating with ultrasound (US). Detailed structural characterization of ChM revealed a crystalline phase analogous to magnetite and spherical morphologies; extending the reaction time to 8 min yielded a "nanorod" type morphology. Both the morphologies displayed a nanoscale limit with particles averaging between 5 and 30 nm in size, resulting the superparamagnetic performance and saturation magnetization values between 45 and 58 emu/g. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms showed that the surface modification of ChMs resulted in a rise of specific surface area and pore size. Anionic azo dyes (methyl orange (MO) and reactive black 5 (RB5)) adsorption on the surface of nanocomposites was also demonstrated to be pH-dependent, with the reaction favoured for surface-modified samples at pH 4 and unmodified samples at pH 8. Adsorption capacity studies showed that molecule size effect and electrostatic attraction were two distinct adsorption processes for unmodified and modified ChMs. Chitin Magnetite nanoparticles appear to be a substitute for traditional anionic dye adsorbents. Additionally, the two key materials sources, chitin, and magnetite are inexpensive and easily accessible.


Asunto(s)
Nanocompuestos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Humanos , Óxido Ferrosoférrico , Colorantes/química , Quitina , Porosidad , Adsorción , Compuestos Azo , Fenómenos Magnéticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Cinética , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno
5.
Environ Res ; 216(Pt 4): 114763, 2023 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36356663

RESUMEN

Phenols are of much toxicological and they must be effectively removed from the wastewater from industries as well as sewage treatment. Such removal demands a special and strong composite. So, this piece of research aims to activate Potassium peroxymonosulfate (PPMS) with the large surface area of magnetite nitrogen-fixed porous carbon nanotube composites (Co/CoOx@NCNT). Increases in the graphitization degree and structural control brought about by the incorporation of reduced Graphite oxide (rGO) significantly increased the catalyst activity of Co/CoOx@NCNT. It was found that PPMS activation for phenol removal by Co/CoOx@NCNT was nearly as effective as by homogeneous Co2+, with nearly 100% removal efficiency in 10 min. Both high reusability and high recycling of Co/CoOx@NCNT were accomplished simultaneously by proving the technology of viability in practical applications. The PPMS activation mechanism in the Co/CoOx@NCNT/PPMS system was driven by the electron transmission from contaminants to PPMS through the sp2- hybrid carbon nanotubes and nitrogen system. The selectivity of the Co/CoOx@NCNT/PPMS system to remove diverse organic compounds was determined by batch experiments. Due to the insignificant impact of radicals reactive on pollutant breakdown, the ability to inhibit species (such as Cl- and natural organic materials) from a minor role was significantly decreased. These results not only shed light on the process of PPMS heterogeneous activation but also provided a framework for the balanced project of highly effective nanocarbon-based catalysts for PPMS activation.


Asunto(s)
Nanotubos de Carbono , Aguas Residuales , Fenol , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Fenoles , Nitrógeno , Compuestos Orgánicos , Fenómenos Magnéticos
6.
Environ Res ; 220: 115075, 2023 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36566967

RESUMEN

Biowaste generation is considerably increasing multiple times recently due to various social and environmental changes like population growth, economic prosperity, globalisation etc. they contain different composition and generated at different stages of their life cycle. Though studies reported for recycle, reproduce and reuse of them, this investigation is unique by focussing to investigate the ideal circumstances for the production of biogas and methane from anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste using response surface methods and artificial neural networks with thermophilic temperature range. Thermophilic temperature of 20.78, organic loading rate of 0.2, pH of 8.81, agitation time of 5.8 and hydro retention time of 3 are the ideal input parameter values for the generation of biogas 3.03 m3 and methane% 186.08 with a desirability of 1. The Response surface model was surpassed by the Artificial Neural Network model.


Asunto(s)
Biocombustibles , Metano , Anaerobiosis , Temperatura , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Reactores Biológicos
7.
Environ Res ; 204(Pt B): 112132, 2022 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34571029

RESUMEN

In this experimental investigation, feasibility and performance of a polymer hybrid bio-nano composite were evaluated to remove malachite green (MG) under controlled environment conditions. The polymer hybrid bio-nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, SEM and EDS. The influence of operating variables, namely effect of pH (2-11), nanocomposite dosage (20-100 mg), initial MG concentration (10- 200 mg/L), contact time (10-120 min) and temperature (298-318 K) were explored. The maximum removal efficiency (RE) of 99.79% was achieved at neutral pH at the dosage level of 50 mg with the initial MG concentration of 150 mg/L in 40 min. The equilibrium results revealed that the adsorption of MG data fitted to Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.970) indicating monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of polymer hybrid nanocomposite was found to be 384.615 mg/g. Kinetic studies were performed using five kinetic models and results showed the pseudo second order model fitted very well with the MG adsorption data (R2 > 0.990). The thermodynamic results confirmed that MG adsorption onto polymer hybrid nanocomposite is feasible and (ΔS ͦ = 0.2893 kJ/mol K), spontaneous (ΔH ͦ = 81.103 kJ/mol K) and exothermic (ΔG ͦ < 0). A mechanism is also proposed for the removal of MG using the polymer nanocomposite and identified that electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding as the major mechanism for removal of MG. FTIR results confirmed the presence of carboxyl (-COO) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups which helped in effective binding of cationic dye. The overall results revealed that polymer nanocomposite could be used as a potential adsorbent for removing MG from aqueous solution.


Asunto(s)
Aguas Residuales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adsorción , Biomasa , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Polímeros , Colorantes de Rosanilina , Termodinámica , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis
8.
J Environ Manage ; 324: 116265, 2022 Dec 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36179469

RESUMEN

Impact of heavy metal (HM) pollution and its understanding on environment as well as human beings has grown a lot during the last few decades. The goal of this study is to create a scientometric study on heavy metal contamination, in the period 1989 to 2020, in order to provide futuristic goals for the new researchers on wastewater treatment. For this, a search was conducted in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, related to heavy metal pollution. Totally, 37,154 records were collected during the study period from 1989 to 2020. The findings revealed that China, the United States, and India has most referenced papers across a wide range of trans disciplinary issues such as toxicity, technology, and pollution. As a result, this study concludes that more research on various treatment methods is required in order to obtain high-quality water for consumption and routine activities, with the incorporation of various treatment tasks poses various challenges for the upcoming future studies.


Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Metales Pesados , Humanos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Metales Pesados/análisis , Contaminación Ambiental/análisis , China , India
9.
Environ Res ; 201: 111626, 2021 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34217718

RESUMEN

The present work explains the sorption ability of a novel nano-composite, Polypyrrole -iron oxide-seaweed (PPy - Fe3O4 - SW), for Cr(VI) removal. The influence of operating parameters, namely pH, contact time, nanocomposite dosage, initial Chromium concentration and operating temperature, on the hexavalent chromium removal was studied. The novel nano-composite was analyzed using FTIR, SEM and EDS to confirm the sorption of Cr(VI) and to understand the mechanism of sorption. PPy - Fe3O4- SW nano-composite removed 96.36% of Cr(VI) at the optimized conditions of pH = 2, temperature = 30 °C, initial Cr(VI) concentration = 50 mg/L, nanocomposite dosage = 100 mg and contact time = 30min. PPy-Fe3O4-SW nanocomposite has a maximum sorption capacity of 144.93 mg/g. The kinetic studies revealed that the metal adsorption obeys pseudo second order (PSO) model and the sorption was found to be monolayer in nature as confirmed by Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.9985). Electrostatic interaction and ion-exchange are identified as the fundamental mechanisms for Cr(VI) sorption on PPy-Fe3O4-SW composite.


Asunto(s)
Nanocompuestos , Polímeros , Cromo , Cinética , Fenómenos Magnéticos , Pirroles
10.
Environ Res ; 199: 111364, 2021 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34033830

RESUMEN

This research study reported the feasibility of cadmium removal using green algae, Caulerpa scalpelliformis, under controlled environmental conditions. The algal biosorbent could effectively remove cadmium under broad range of test conditions, namely, initial pH (3-6), adsorbent mass (0.5-2.5 gL-1) and shaking speed (60-100 rpm). The best operating conditions were identified using Central Composite Design under Response Surface methodology and found to be pH - 4.9, adsorbent mass - 2.1 gL-1 and shaking speed - 90 rpm. Equilibrium studies were conducted and monolayer sorption was identified as the mechanism, confirmed by Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9920). The maximum Cd uptake achieved at optimal conditions was 111.11 mg g-1. The kinetic constants of the best fit model (pseudo second order) were determined. The thermodynamic feasibility was verified (ΔG ͦ < 0) and the biosorption process was found to be endothermic (ΔH ͦ > 0). The mass transfer studies shows that the mass transfer coefficient was inversely related to the temperature. Presence of favorable surface functional groups and enhanced surface area confirmed the suitability of the synthesized biosorbent for effective removal of cadmium.


Asunto(s)
Chlorophyta , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adsorción , Cadmio , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Termodinámica , Agua , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis
11.
Environ Res ; 197: 111140, 2021 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33864794

RESUMEN

Green technology for the synthesis of nanoparticles has gained momentum due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. In this research study, silver nanoparticles (AgNps) were synthesized using an eco-friendly biological method involving the use of marine algae, Halimeda gracilis. The surface properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. During the synthesis of nano particles, the parameters namely temperature (30 °C to 90 °C), pH (6-10), silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration (1-3 mg/ml) and quantity of algal extract (1-3 ml) were optimized to improve the production of AgNPs. The application of the synthesized silver nanoparticles for the adsorptive removal of copper from aqueous and industrial wastewater was investigated. Intra-particle diffusion mechanism was identified to be controlling step in metal removal. Regeneration of sorbent was carried out using 2.0 M HCl and the reusability was verified for 6 cycles. A removal efficiency of copper (64.8%) from electroplating wastewater demonstrated the industrial application potential of the synthesized silver nanoparticles.


Asunto(s)
Cobre , Nanopartículas del Metal , Antibacterianos , Extractos Vegetales , Plata , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier
12.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 134(Pt 2): 377-382, 2016 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26409650

RESUMEN

The performance of cornstack based biofilter inoculated with a mixed culture was evaluated for gas phase MEK removal under various operating conditions. Experiments were carried out at different flow rates (0.03-0.12m3h-1) and various initial concentrations (0.2-1.2g-3). A maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 35g-3h-1 was achieved at an inlet loading rate of 60g-3h-1 with a removal efficiency of 95%. High elimination capacity reached with this system could have been due to the dominant presence of filamentous fungi among others. The experimental results were compared with the values obtained from the Ottengraf-van den Oever model for zero-order diffusion-controlled region. The critical inlet concentration, critical inlet load and biofilm thickness were estimated using the model predictions.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Reactores Biológicos , Butanonas/análisis , Modelos Teóricos , Zea mays , Contaminación del Aire , Filtración , Hongos , Cinética , Tallos de la Planta , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología
13.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 121: 199-210, 2015 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25866206

RESUMEN

The aptitude of marine green algae Helimeda gracilis for sorption of Cu(II) ions from an aqueous solution was studied in batch experiments. The effect of relevant parameters such as function of pH, sorbent dosage, agitation speed and contact time was evaluated by using Response surface methodology (RSM). A maximum percentage removal of Cu (II) by Halimeda gracilis occurs at pH-4.49, sorbent dosage-1.98g/L, agitation speed-119.43rpm and contact time-60.21min. Further, the sorbent was characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Experimental data were analyzed in terms of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion, power function and elovich kinetic models. The results showed that the sorption process of Cu(II) ions followed well pseudo-second order kinetics. The sorption data of Cu(II) ions at 308.15K are fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), Temkin, Sips and Toth isotherms. Sorption of Cu(II) onto marine green algae Helimeda gracilis followed the Langmuir and Toth isotherm models (R(2)=0.998 and R(2)=0.999) with the maximum sorption capacity of 38.46 and 38.07mg/g. The calculated thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° showed that the sorption of Cu(II) ions onto Helimeda gracilis biomass was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Desorption study shows that the sorbent could be regenerated using 0.2M HCl solution, with up to 89% recovery.


Asunto(s)
Chlorophyta/química , Cobre/aislamiento & purificación , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Adsorción , Biomasa , Chlorophyta/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Iones , Cinética , Modelos Teóricos , Soluciones , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Termodinámica
14.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 121: 211-7, 2015 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25866204

RESUMEN

In this work, silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by wet chemical technique, green synthesis and microbial methods. Silver nitrate (10(-3)M) was used with aqueous extract to produce silver nanoparticles. From the results it was observed that the yield of nanoparticles was high in green synthesis. The size of the silver nanoparticles was determined from Scanning Electron Microscope analysis (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to determine the presence of biomolecules in them. Its cytotoxic effect was studied in cancerous cell line and normal cell line. MTT assay was done to test its optimal concentration and efficacy which gives valuable information for the use of silver nanoparticles for future cancer therapy.


Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanotecnología/métodos , Plata/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ajo/química , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Tamaño de la Partícula , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Plata/metabolismo , Plata/farmacología , Nitrato de Plata/química , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Propiedades de Superficie
15.
Prep Biochem Biotechnol ; 44(3): 291-309, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24274017

RESUMEN

Pressmud, a by-product from the sugarcane industry, was used as a carbon source for the production of inulinase in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Statistical experimental designs were employed to screen the nutrients and optimize the media composition for the production of inulinase by Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus. Eighteen various nutrients were selected for preliminary screening of production medium component by Plackett-Burman design (PBD) technique. Five nutrients were found to be significant for inulinase production and they were optimized by central composite design (CCD). The optimal media components for solid-state fermentation of inulinase using pressmud were (g/gds): corn steep liquor, 0.06072; urea, 0.01916; beef extract, 0.00957; FeSO4 · 7H2O, 0.00013; K2HPO4, 0.00441. The effect of moisture content and substrate concentration was also studied. From the results it was found that a maximum inulinase activity of 288 U/gds occurs at the moisture content of 65% and substrate concentration of 10 g. The constants in the Michaelis-Menten equation were evaluated and a high R (2) value implied the fitness of the model. Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was also employed to predict the inulinase production.


Asunto(s)
Glicósido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Kluyveromyces/enzimología , Simulación por Computador , Medios de Cultivo/metabolismo , Fermentación , Microbiología Industrial/métodos , Cinética , Kluyveromyces/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Redes Neurales de la Computación
16.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 16228, 2024 Jul 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39004667

RESUMEN

Environmental constraints associated with fossil fuels have driven researchers to find a novel, potential and environmentally benign alternative fuel. Biodiesel, vegetable oil, and alcohol have gained rapid momentum thanks to their renewable nature and comparable energy contents in recent years. Accordingly, a Ternary fuel blend is prepared comprising three fuels namely diesel, biodiesel, and pentanol. Waste cooking oil was identified as the source for biodiesel and Pentanol was chosen among various alcohol alternatives due to improved energy density, reduced toxicity. These are endorsed to the enhancement in surface area-volume ratio of nano additives which boosts the catalytic combustion activity and also causing lesser fuel to take part in combustion for maintaining a constant engine speed. The experimentation is done with ternaryfuel blends with varying pentanol and biodiesel concentrations of diesel, biodiesel and pentanol). Upon experimentation, it was observed that, ternary fuel blend 'TF' comprising 70% diesel, 20% biodiesel and 10% pentanol, yielded best performance and was used for doping of Alumina oxide (Al2O3) nano additives. The Al2O3 nanoparticles were doped with ternary blends at fractions of 10 ppm, 20 ppm, and 30 ppm. It was observed that 20 ppm Al2O3 nanoparticle blended TF blend improved BTE and lowered BSFC by about 12.01% and 22.57% respectively. The performance tremendously along with lowered the CO emission by 49.21%, HC emission by 18.91% and smoke opacity by 9.02%.

17.
Chemosphere ; 362: 142477, 2024 Jun 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38844107

RESUMEN

The two main things needed to fulfill the world's impending need for water in the face of the widespread water crisis are collecting water and recycling. To do this, the present study has placed a greater focus on water management strategies used in a variety of contexts areas. To distribute water effectively, save it, and satisfy water quality requirements for a variety of uses, it is imperative to apply intelligent water management mechanisms while keeping in mind the population density index. The present review unveiled the latest trends in water and wastewater recycling, utilizing several Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques for distribution, rainfall collection, and control of irrigation models. The data collected for these purposes are unique and comes in different forms. An efficient water management system could be developed with the use of AI, Deep Learning (DL), and the Internet of Things (IoT) structure. This study has investigated several water management methodologies using AI, DL and IoT with case studies and sample statistical assessment, to provide an efficient framework for water management.

18.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 12818, 2024 06 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38834602

RESUMEN

Recent years have seen an increase in research on biodiesel, an environmentally benign and renewable fuel alternative for traditional fossil fuels. Biodiesel might become more cost-effective and competitive with diesel if a solid heterogeneous catalyst is used in its production. One way to make biodiesel more affordable and competitive with diesel is to employ a solid heterogeneous catalyst in its manufacturing. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the researchers in this study proved their hypothesis that iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles were generated during the green synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles (FeNPs) from Camellia Sinensis leaves. The fabrication of spherical iron nanoparticles was successfully confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a heterogeneous catalyst, the synthesised catalyst has shown potential in facilitating the conversion of algae oil into biodiesel. With the optimal parameters (0.5 weight percent catalytic load, 1:6 oil-methanol ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 1 h and 30 min reaction duration), a 93.33% yield was attained. This may be due to its acid-base property, chemical stability, stronger metal support interaction. Furthermore, the catalyst was employed for transesterification reactions five times after regeneration with n-hexane washing followed by calcination at 650 °C for 3 h.


Asunto(s)
Biocombustibles , Camellia sinensis , Hojas de la Planta , Hojas de la Planta/química , Catálisis , Camellia sinensis/química , Hierro/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Difracción de Rayos X , Esterificación , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier
19.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 5699, 2023 Apr 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37029158

RESUMEN

Due to the ongoing demand for alternative fuels for CI engines, biodiesel-based research has received support globally. In this study, soapberry seed oil produced by transesterification process to creates biodiesel. It is referred to as BDSS (Biodiesel of Soapberry Seed). According to criteria, the oil qualities are recognized, hence, three different blends and pure diesel were tested in CRDI (Common Rail Direct Injection) engines. The blends descriptions are: 10BDSS (10% BDSS + 90% diesel), 20BDSS (20% BDSS + 80% diesel), and 30BDSS (30% BDSS + 70% diesel). The outcomes of the related tests for combustion, performance, and pollution were contrasted with those achieved using 100% diesel fuel. In this case, the mixing has resulted in worse braking thermal efficiency than diesel and lower residual emissions with greater NOx emissions. The superior results were obtained by 30BDSS, which had BTE of 27.82%, NOx emissions of 1348 ppm, peak pressure of 78.93 bar, heat release rate (HRR) of 61.15 J/deg, emissions of CO (0.81%), HC (11 ppm), and smoke opacity of 15.38%.

20.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 5067, 2023 03 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36977712

RESUMEN

Large quantities of vegetable biowaste are generated at marketplaces, usually in highly populated locations. On the other hand, nearby markets, hotels, and street shops generate much cooking oil waste and dispose of them in the sewage. Environmental remediation is mandatory at these places. Hence, this experimental work concentrated on preparing biodiesel using green plant wastes and cooking oil. Biowaste catalysts were produced from vegetable wastes and biofuel generated from waste cooking oil using biowaste catalysts to support diesel demand and Environmental remediation. Other organic plant wastes such as bagasse, papaya stem, banana peduncle and moringa oleifera are used as heterogeneous catalysts of this research work. Initially, the plant wastes are independently considered for the catalyst for biodiesel production; secondary, all plant wastes are mixed to form a single catalyst and used to prepare the biodiesel. In the maximum biodiesel yield analysis, the calcination temperature, reaction temperature, methanol/oil ratio, catalyst loading and mixing speed were considered to control the biodiesel production. The results reveal that the catalyst loading of 4.5 wt% with mixed plant waste catalyst offered a maximum biodiesel yield of 95%.


Asunto(s)
Restauración y Remediación Ambiental , Verduras , Aceites de Plantas , Biocombustibles , Esterificación , Catálisis
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