Mode of Physical Activity Participation in US Adults: A Regional Perspective.

OBJECTIVE: Examine the mode of physical activity (PA) participation in United States adults by US Census region. METHODS: The study sample (N = 323,435) included adult (18 years of age and older) participants from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Participants reported meeting both aerobic and muscle strengthening activity (MSA) guidelines, the aerobic-only guideline, the MSA only guideline, or neither. RESULTS: The greatest prevalence estimate of meeting the mutually exclusive aerobic and MSA guideline was found in the West Census Region (24.3, 95% confidence interval 23.6-24.9) and the greatest prevalence estimate of meeting neither aerobic nor MSA guideline was found in the South Census Region (38.1%, 95% confidence interval 37.5-38.7). Physical and mental health were found to be positively associated with PA and non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics reported the greatest levels of meeting neither federal PA recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that mode of PA participation varies by demographics and census region in US adults. State and local health departments should communicate between and within regions and disseminate information to raise awareness of the health benefits of meeting the federal PA guidelines.

Diabetes risk status and physical activity in pregnancy: U.S. BRFSS 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women without complications are advised to engage in physical activity (PA) to mitigate adverse outcomes. Differences may exist among pregnant women of diverging diabetes status in meeting national PA recommendations. We sought to examine differences in aerobic activity (AA) and muscle strengthening activity (MSA) by diabetes risk status (DRS) among pregnant women in the United States. METHODS: The sample (n = 9,597) included pregnant women, age 18-44 years, who participated in the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Levels of DRS include: no diabetes (ND), high risk for diabetes (HRD) due to self-reported gestational diabetes or pre-diabetes, and overt diabetes due to self-reported, clinically diagnosed diabetes (DM). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for meeting PA recommendations were obtained. Covariates included age, race, education, household child count, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. RESULTS: Findings revealed that on average, DM had 46.5 fewer minutes of weekly AA compared to ND. Furthermore, a significantly lower OR (0.39; CI 0.19-0.82) for meeting both recommendations was observed in DM as compared to ND after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that pregnant women with overt diabetes had a lower odds of engaging in PA, while those at high risk were similar in their PA engagement to ND. Future studies aimed at assessing determinants of PA behavior may help guide efforts to promote exercise in pregnant women with diabetes.

Epilepsy and Physical Activity in US Adults.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of self-reported aerobic leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) participation using a representative sample of US adults (18 years old and older) with a seizure disorder or epilepsy. METHODS: Data from the 2010, 2013, and 2015 National Health Interview Survey cycles were used to examine the prevalence and odds of meeting the 2018 PA guidelines with a nationally representative sample of US adults. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were used in calculating estimates. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of adults with a seizure disorder or epilepsy reporting no (0 min), insufficient (<150 min), sufficient (150-300 min [meets recommendations]), or high volumes of LTPA (>300 min [meets recommendations]) were 45.1%, 20.0%, 10.8%, and 24.1% (P < 0.001), respectively, and had a 43% (odds ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.50-0.66) lower odds of meeting the 2018 federal guidelines for aerobic LTPA. In addition, 17.7% of adults with a seizure disorder reported meeting the MSA recommendation and were 32% (odds ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.57-0.80) less likely to preform MSA ≥2 days/week (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adults reporting a seizure disorder or epilepsy also indicate their ability to participate in both LTPA and MSA; however, this population was found to have a significantly lower odds of meeting current federal aerobic LTPA and MSA recommendations.

Mean Combined Relative Grip Strength and Metabolic Syndrome: 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Churilla, JR, Summerlin, M, Richardson, MR, and Boltz, AJ. Mean combined relative grip strength and metabolic syndrome: 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 995-1000, 2020-The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among mean combined relative grip strength (MCRGS), the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the individual MetS criterion using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (≥20 years of age). The study sample included subjects from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES). Subject MCRGS, using an average of 3 attempts per hand, was measured by a trained examiner using a handgrip dynamometer. All anthropometric, blood pressure, and serum blood measures used to diagnose the MetS were obtained in a Mobile Examination Center using a subsample of NHANES subjects (N = 4,664). Results suggest a favorable inverse dose-response relationship exists across quartiles of increased MCRGS and likelihood of MetS in both men and women (p < 0.0001 for trend). In analyses adjusted for age, race, education, and meeting aerobic physical activity recommendations, when compared with a referent group in the lowest quartile of MCRGS (MCRGS <2.66 kg/body mass index [BMI] in men; MCRGS <1.58 kg/BMI in women), those in the third (MCRGS >3.20-3.77 kg/BMI in men; MCRGS >1.99-2.38 kg/BMI in women) and fourth quartile (MCRGS >3.77 kg/BMI in men; MCRGS >2.38 kg/BMI in women), were significantly less likely to have the MetS, independent of gender (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Similar findings varied according to individual MetS criterion. These findings provide the first data suggesting that increased MCRGS may be inversely related to the MetS or the individual MetS criterion in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.

Sedentary Time and Cumulative Risk of Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure: From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationship between self-reported sedentary time (ST) and the cumulative risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in a diverse cohort of U.S. adults 45-84 years of age. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we identified 6,814 subjects, all free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) associated with risk of HFpEF and HFrEF. Weekly ST was dichotomized based on the 75th percentile (1890 min/wk). During ∼11.2 years of follow-up there were 178 first incident HF diagnoses: 74 HFpEF and 69 HFrEF. Baseline ST >1890 min/wk was significantly associated with an increased risk of HFpEF (HR 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-3.09, P = .01), but not of HFrEF. The relationship with HFpEF remained significant in fully adjusted models including physical activity and waist circumference (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.23-3.78, P < .01). In addition, every 60-minute increase in weekly ST was associated with a 3% increased risk of HFpEF (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary time >1890 min/wk (∼4.5 h/d) is a significant predictor of HFpEF, independently from physical activity and adiposity.

Associations between mental distress and physical activity in US adults: a dose-response analysis BRFSS 2011.

Background: To examine the associations between levels of severity of mental distress (MD) and meeting the 2008 physical activity (PA) recommendations using the MD Severity Index (MDSI). Methods: Participants (n = 431 313) were adults (≥18 years of age) who responded to the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). MD was categorized into five levels of severity: 0-4, 5-10, 11-16, 17-22 and ≥23 days/month. The dependent variable was self-reported PA volume of at least 150 min/wk (or vigorous equivalent, 75 min/wk). Results: Following adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education and body mass index, the odds of reporting meeting the PA recommendations were significantly lower among those reporting the following days per month of MD: 5-10 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.96), 11-16 (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.71-0.82), 17-22 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.62-0.76) and ≥23 (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.60-0.67). An inverse dose-response (P < 0.01) was observed between the severity of MD and meeting the current PA recommendations. Conclusions: An inverse dose-response relationship was found between the severity of MD and volumes of PA meeting the 2008 recommendation. These findings lend support for the epidemiological utility of the MDSI when examining the relationship between MD and PA.

Sleep Duration and C-Reactive Protein in US Adults.

OBJECTIVE: To use gender-stratified logistic regression analysis to examine the associations between elevated C-reactive protein (CRP; >3-10 mg/L) and sleep duration. METHODS: The study sample included male (n = 5033) and female (n = 4917) adult (20 years old and older) participants in the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sleep duration was categorized as short (≤6 hours/day), adequate (7-8 hours/day), or long (≥9 hours/day). Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, race, smoking status, physical activity, and waist circumference. RESULTS: Analysis revealed significantly (P = 0.0151) higher odds of elevated CRP in men reporting ≤6 hours/day of sleep (odds ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.52) when compared with a referent group of men reporting 7 to 8 hours/day of sleep. Similar associations were not revealed in women. CONCLUSIONS: Short sleep duration was significantly associated with elevated serum CRP concentration independent of waist circumference and moderate physical activity in men but not in women.

Body Mass Index and Physical Inactivity: 2013 BRFSS.

OBJECTIVES: Examine the odds of adults reporting physical inactivity (PI) across six body mass index (BMI) categories. METHODS: We used data from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Six BMI categories were used. RESULTS: The odds of reporting PI in underweight men and men in the class I, II, and III obesity categories were 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-2.02), 1.30 (95% CI 1.21-1.39), 1.73 (95% CI 1.58-1.90), and 2.44 (95% CI 2.17-2.75), respectively, compared with men of desirable weight (odds ratio [OR] 1.00, 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; referent, OR 1.00). The odds of reporting PI in underweight men were similar to class II and class III obese men. The odds of reporting PI in underweight women, overweight women, and women in the class I, II, and III obesity categories were 1.57 (95% CI 1.36-1.81), 1.20 (95% CI 1.14-1.27), 1.65 (95% CI 1.56-1.75), 2.23 (95% CI 2.07-2.40), and 2.89 (95% CI 2.66-3.15), respectively, compared with women of desirable weight (≥18.5-24.9 kg/m2; referent, OR 1.00). The odds of reporting PI were similar in underweight and class I obese women. Women were found to have greater odds than men of reporting PI in four of the five nondesirable BMI categories (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The within- and between-sex differences in the odds of reporting PI vary significantly by BMI category. Future research needs to include the underweight BMI category when investigating PI and sedentary time because of the potential clinical relevance.

Recess and Overweight and Obesity in Children 5-11 Years of Age: 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND: Recess has been shown to increase total daily energy expenditure, which may favorably impact body mass index by decreasing adiposity. This study examines associations between recess participation and adiposity. METHODS: The study sample included male (N = 1434) and female (N = 1409) children 5 to 11 years of age participating in the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overweight and obesity were defined using age- and sex-specific percentiles. Recess participation interview questions were answered via proxy response. RESULTS: Compared to a referent group participating in recess 5 days/week for >30 minutes/day and independent of demographic and behavioral factors, analysis revealed significantly greater odds of obesity in females reporting no recess participation (odds ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.15, p = .03). Furthermore, minority females were consistently found to possess greater odds of overweight and obesity independent of recess participation time. Only Mexican American boys were found to have greater odds of obesity independent of participation recess time. CONCLUSIONS: In a large nationally representative sample of US children, reporting no recess was associated with significantly greater odds of obesity in females. Minority females were also more likely to be overweight and obese and Mexican American boys are more likely to be obese independent of recess participation time.

Joint effect of cognitive function and C-reactive protein on all-cause mortality risk: 1999-2002 NHANES.

PURPOSE: Examine the joint effect of cognitive function and C-reactive protein (CRP) on all-cause mortality risk in older U.S. adults. METHODS: Sample included 1335 older adult (≥60 years of age) participants in the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A four-level variable was created using cognitive function and CRP concentration. Mortality was assessed using National Center for Health Statistics linked death records from the National Death Index. RESULTS: Increased risk of all-cause mortality was revealed in adults with high CRP and low cognitive function and in those with low to average CRP and low cognitive function (P < .0001 for both). Sex-stratified analyses revealed increased all-cause mortality risk in males with low cognitive function, independent of CRP concentration. However, in females, a significant increase in all-cause mortality risk was only observed in those with low to average CRP and low cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: Low cognitive function was associated with increased all-cause mortality risk independent of CRP concentration. However, the joint effect of cognitive function and CRP on all-cause mortality risk differed according to sex.

Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Race-Ethnicity: 2003-2006 NHANES.

Previous studies suggest that the magnitude of morbidity/mortality reduction may differ between race-ethnic groups despite equated dose of physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to compare the potential racial-ethnic differences in cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) across quartiles of accelerometer-derived total activity counts/day (TAC/d) among US adults. The final sample (n=4144) included adults who participated in the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). CMRF included fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), HOMA-IR, resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), BMI, CRP, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. Race-ethnic groups examined included non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), and Mexican American (MA). In the highest quartile, NHW had significantly lower values of HOMA-IR, FI, SBP, BMI, WC, and HDL-C when compared to NHB. Compared to MA in the highest quartile, NHW had significantly lower values of HOMA-IR, FI, BMI, and triglycerides. Significant race-ethnic differences were found for several CMRF, especially among those who were in the top quartile of PA (e.g., the most active adults). It is probable that the protective effect of higher volumes of PA on CMRF is moderated by other non-PA factors distinct to NHB and MA.

Elevated Serum Uric Acid and Self-Reported Heart Failure in US Adults: 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

INTRODUCTION: There is limited evidence examining the relationship between elevated serum uric acid (sUA) concentration and heart failure (HF) in United States (US) adults. The aim of the present study was to examine the association(s) between elevated sUA and HF using a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS: The final sample with complete data for this analysis (n = 17,349) included men and women aged ≥40 years who participated in the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-reported diagnosis of HF was assessed via interview. Elevated sUA was defined as values >6.0 mg/dL for women and >7.2 mg/dL for men. Multivariable gender-stratified logistic regression was utilized to examine the odds of self-reported HF. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of HF was 3.9 and 3.4% among men and women, respectively. Age-adjusted analysis revealed significantly increased odds of HF in men (OR 2.79; 95% CI 2.15-3.84, p < 0.01) and women (OR 3.24; 95% CI 2.37-4.44, p < 0.01) with elevated sUA. This relationship remained statistically significant following adjustment for age, race, education, income, alcohol consumption, smoking status, blood pressure, diabetes, physical activity level, cholesterol, creatinine level, and body mass index in men (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.13-2.57 p < 0.05) and women (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.18-2.58, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In a representative sample of US adults, having an elevated sUA concentration was associated with significantly increased odds of HF when compared to adults with normal sUA.

Associations of Metabolic Syndrome, Elevated C-Reactive Protein, and Physical Activity in U.S. Adolescents.

PURPOSE: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and physical activity (PA) as well as the odds of MetS criteria in those active versus inactive utilizing a representative sample of U.S. adolescents. METHODS: The study sample (n = 676) included male and female adolescent (12-17 years) participants in the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The criteria analyzed were based on a modified definition of MetS using the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Current adult cut points were used to determine elevated CRP. Activity was estimated using reported days per week and minutes per day of moderate/vigorous PA. RESULTS: The MetS criteria with the highest and lowest overall prevalence estimates were elevated fasting glucose and elevated blood pressure (20.7% [95% confidence interval, 17.02-24.38] and 5.7% [95% confidence interval, 3.70-7.70], respectively). The prevalence of elevated CRP was 7.1% (6.3% and 7.8% in males and females, respectively; p = .42). The prevalence of insufficient PA was 75.0%. Odds of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in active adolescents when compared with inactive adolescents (odds ratio = .39, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In a representative sample of U.S. adolescents, elevated fasting glucose is the most prevalent MetS criterion. One out of five U.S. adolescents has elevated fasting glucose, and three out four do not meet the daily federal PA recommendations. Adolescents meeting the federal PA recommendation demonstrate approximately 60% lower odds of having low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Associations Between Low Back Pain and Muscle-strengthening Activity in U.S. Adults.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the study was to examine the association between low back pain (LBP) and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) among U.S. adults using gender-stratified analyses. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: LBP is a common medical condition that impacts quality of life and professional productivity and increases the financial burden on the health care system by augmenting medical treatment costs. Previous studies analyzing gender-dependent relationships between MSA and LBP have produced mixed results. METHODS: Our sample included 12,721 participants from the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were categorized into one of three levels of self-reported MSA: no MSA, insufficient MSA (1 day/wk), or meeting the 2008 Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) recommendation for MSA (≥2 days/wk). RESULTS: Gender-stratified analyses revealed significantly lower odds of reporting LBP among women [odds ratio (OR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-0.96, P = 0.03] and men (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.70-0.96, P = 0.01) who reported amounts of MSA that met the DHHS recommendation compared with those reporting no MSA. Following adjustment for smoking status, the odds remained significant among women (P = 0.03) but not among men (P = 0.21). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that engaging in MSA at least 2 days/wk is associated with lower odds of LBP and that smoking may be an important mediating factor that should be considered in future LBP research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

The Associations Between Increasing Degrees of HOMA-IR and Measurements of Adiposity Among Euglycemic U.S. Adults.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between increasing degrees of insulin resistance (using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and two measures of adiposity in a nationally representative sample of euglycemic U.S. adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample included adult participants (≥ 20 years of age) [N = 1586 (body mass index, BMI model), N = 1577 (waist circumference, WC model)] from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). HOMA-IR was categorized into quartiles. BMI and WC were examined continuously as the dependent variables. RESULTS: Following adjustment for covariates, those with HOMA-IR values in the second, third, and fourth quartiles had significantly higher BMIs (P < 0.001) compared with subjects in the first quartile. In the model using WC, significantly higher WCs were found in subjects in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) compared with those in the first quartile. A significant moderate correlation was found between HOMA-IR and BMI (R(2) = 0.4171, P < 0.001), as well as HOMA-IR and WC (R(2) = 0.4826, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Having a higher HOMA-IR value is associated with higher BMI and WC values in euglycemic subjects.

Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity and C-Reactive Protein in U.S. Adults.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have revealed inverse associations between physical activity (PA) and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, few studies have examined associations between vigorous intensity PA (VIPA) and CRP using nationally representative samples. METHODS: The sample (n = 14,461) included adults (≥20 years of age) who participated in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Reported VIPA was categorized into none, insufficient (<500 MET·min·wk(-1)), and meeting the 2008 Department of Health and Human Services PA recommendation (≥500 MET·min·wk(-1)). The dependent variable was elevated CRP (3

The associations between increasing degrees of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and muscular strengthening activities among euglycaemic US adults.

PURPOSE: To examine the associations between the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and self-reported muscular strengthening activity in a nationally representative sample of euglycaemic US adults. METHODS: Sample included euglycaemic adults (⩾20 years of age (n = 2009)) from the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance was categorized into quartiles and was the primary independent variable of interest. No reported muscular strengthening activity was the dependent variable. RESULTS: Following adjustment for covariates, those with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values in fourth (odds ratio: 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.06, p < 0.001) quartile were found to have significantly greater odds of reporting no muscular strengthening activity. Following further adjustment for non-muscular strengthening activity specific aerobic leisure-time physical activity, results remained significant for the fourth (odds ratio: 2.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.50-3.52, p < 0.001) quartile. A significant trend was seen across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance for increasing prevalence of no muscular strengthening activity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Having a higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance value is associated with greater odds of reporting no muscular strengthening activity among euglycaemic US adults. This implies that subjects with an increasing degree of insulin resistance are more likely to not engage in muscular strengthening activity, an exercise modality that has been shown to reduce the risk of several cardiometabolic diseases and improve glycaemic status.

Gender Differences in C-Reactive Protein and Muscle Strengthening Activity.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the gender differences between C-reactive protein (CRP) and muscle strengthening activity (MSA). METHODS: The sample (n = 7533) included U.S. adult (≥20 years of age).participants in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Created categories of MSA participation included no MSA (referent group), some MSA (≥1 to <2 days/week), and meeting the 2008 Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) recommendation (≥2 days/week). The dependent variable was elevated CRP (>3 to 10 mg/L). RESULTS: Analysis revealed significantly lower odds of having elevated CRP for women reporting some MSA (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.44-0.93, P = .0191). Significantly lower odds of men having elevated CRP was observed in those reporting MSA volumes meeting the DHHS recommendation (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59-0.88, P = .0019). Following adjustment for waist circumference (WC) these odds remained significant in men but not women. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that WC may mediate the associations between MSA and CRP and this relationship may be stronger in women.

Association between alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome.

AIMS: Examine associations between self-reported alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample (N=7432) included adult (≥20 years) participants in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS: Above moderate alcohol consumption (AMAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 20-29, 40-49, and 70-79 age groups (ß=-6.21, ß=-8.34, and ß=-6.60, respectively) and moderate alcohol consumption (MAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 30-39, 40-49, and 70-79 age groups (ß=-4.60, ß=-5.69, and ß=-2.88, respectively). AMAC was negatively associated with triglycerides among those in the 70-79 and 80+ age groups (ß=-23.62 and ß=-34.18, respectively) and positively associated with HDL-C levels in all groups (ß range 8.96-18.25). MAC was positively associated with HDL-C in the age groups spanning 20-69 years (ß range 3.05-5.34) and those over 80 (ß=5.26). AMAC and MAC were negatively associated with fasting glucose levels in the 20-29 and 70-79 age groups (ß=-3.38 and -15.61, respectively). MAC was negatively associated with fasting glucose levels among those 70-79 and those over 80 years of age (ß=-7.06 and ß=-5.00, respectively). CONCLUSION: MAC and AMAC may favorably impact metabolic health.