[Risk factors and lethality associated with neonatal candidemia in a neonatal unit]. / Factores de riesgo y letalidad asociados a candidemia neonatal en una unidad de neonatología.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the main risk factors associated with neonatal candidemia. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective paired case-control study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2016. The cases were patients with isolation in blood culture and/or cerebrospinal fluid of Candi da spp. after their first 48 hours in the hospital and the controls cases were neonates chosen from the statistical census of neonatology paired according to their admission date (30-day range), birth weight, gestational age, and discharge condition (alive or deceased). For each case, we select two controls. The risk factors evaluated were intrahospital stay over seven days, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition longer than five days, invasive procedures such as central venous access and abdominal and thoracic surgeries, necrotizing enterocolitis and growth of bacterial microorganisms in blood culture before candidemia. RESULTS: During the study period, 141 patients developed candidemia. 49% of the cases corresponded to Candida parapsilosis with the highest associated lethality rate. The multivariate analysis identified as risk factors hospital stay longer than seven days (OR = 17.0, 95% CI = 2.36-122.4), use of umbilical lines (OR = 9.04, 95% CI = 1.55-52.5), abdominal and/or thoracic surgery (OR = 12.4, 95% CI = 1.76-87.3), and treatment with Meropenem (OR = 4.62, 95% CI = 1.34-15.9). CONCLUSION: Prolonged intrahospital stay longer than seven days and thoracic and/or abdominal surgery were the most significant risk factors in this study for the development of neonatal candidemia.

Factores de riesgo y letalidad asociados a candidemia neonatal en una unidad de neonatología / Risk factors and lethality associated with neonatal candidemia in a neonatal unit

OBJETIVO: Determinar los principales factores de riesgo asociados a candidemia en neonatos. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo pareado, desde enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2016. Los casos fueron pacientes con aislamiento en hemocultivo y/o líquido cefalorraquídeo de Candida spp. luego de sus primeras 48 horas intrahospitalarias y los controles fueron neonatos escogidos del censo estadístico de la sala de neonatología pareados según su fecha de admisión a sala (rango de 30 días), peso al nacer, edad gestacional y condición de egreso (vivo o fallecido). Por cada caso seleccionamos dos controles. Los factores de riesgo evaluados fueron la estancia intrahospitalaria mayor a 7 días, el uso de antibióticos de amplio espectro, ventilación mecánica, nutrición parenteral mayor a 5 días, procedimientos invasivos como colocación de accesos venosos centrales y cirugías abdominales y torácicas, enterocolitis necrosante y crecimiento de microorganismo bacteriano en hemocultivo previo a la candidemia. RESULTADOS: Durante el período de estudio hubo aislamiento de Candida spp. en 141 neonatos. Se encontró que el 49% fue de Candida parapsilosis con la mayor letalidad asociada. En el análisis multivariado se identificaron como factores de riesgo la estancia intrahospitalaria mayor a 7 días (OR = 17,0, 95% IC = 2,36-122,4), uso de líneas umbilicales (OR = 9,04, 95% IC = 1,55-52,5), exposición a cirugía (OR = 12,4, 95% IC = 1,76-87,3) y el uso de meropenem (OR = 4,62, 95% IC = 1,34-15,9). CONCLUSIÓN: La estancia intrahospitalaria prolongada mayor a 7 días y la exposición a cirugía fueron los factores de riesgo más importantes en este estudio para el desarrollo de candidemia neonatal.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the main risk factors associated with neonatal candidemia. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective paired case-control study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2016. The cases were patients with isolation in blood culture and/or cerebrospinal fluid of Candida spp. after their first 48 hours in the hospital and the controls cases were neonates chosen from the statistical census of neonatology paired according to their admission date (30-day range), birth weight, gestational age, and discharge condition (alive or deceased). For each case, we select two controls. The risk factors evaluated were intrahospital stay over seven days, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition longer than five days, invasive procedures such as central venous access and abdominal and thoracic surgeries, necrotizing enterocolitis and growth of bacterial microorganisms in blood culture before candidemia. RESULTS: During the study period, 141 patients developed candidemia. 49% of the cases corresponded to Candida parapsilosis with the highest associated lethality rate. The multivariate analysis identified as risk factors hospital stay longer than seven days (OR = 17.0, 95% CI = 2.36-122.4), use of umbilical lines (OR = 9.04, 95% CI = 1.55-52.5), abdominal and/or thoracic surgery (OR = 12.4, 95% CI = 1.76-87.3), and treatment with Meropenem (OR = 4.62, 95% CI = 1.34-15.9). CONCLUSION: Prolonged intrahospital stay longer than seven days and thoracic and/or abdominal surgery were the most significant risk factors in this study for the development of neonatal candidemia.