RESUMEN
AIM: Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) encapsulate three auto-inflammatory conditions, ranging in severity from mild (familial cold auto-inflammatory syndrome: FCAS), moderate (Muckle-Wells syndrome: MWS) and severe (neonatal onset multi-inflammatory disorder: NOMID). We aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of Australian children and adults with CAPS. METHODS: Patients were identified and clinical data collected through a questionnaire sent during 2012-2013 to clinicians reporting to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit and subscribing to the Australasian Societies for Allergy/Immunology, Rheumatology and Dermatology. RESULTS: Eighteen cases of CAPS were identified (8 NOMID; 8 MWS, 2 FCAS); 12 in children <18 years of age. The estimated population prevalence of CAPS was 1 per million persons. Diagnostic delay was frequent, particularly in those with milder phenotypes (median diagnostic delay in MWS/FCAS 20.6 years compared with NOMID 2.1 years; P = 0.04). Common presenting features included urticaria (100%), periodic fever (78%), arthralgia (72%) and sensorineural hearing loss (61%). Almost all (90%) MWS patients had a family member similarly affected compared with none in the NOMID group (P = 0.004). A significant proportion of patients on anti-interleukin (IL)-1 therapy (n = 13) no longer had systemic inflammation. Only 50% with sensorineural hearing loss had hearing restored on anti-IL-1 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Although CAPS are rare, patients often endured prolonged periods of systemic inflammation. This is despite almost all MWS patients having family members with similar symptoms and children with NOMID presenting with chronic infantile urticaria associated with multi-system inflammation. Hearing loss in NOMID/MWS was frequent, and reversible in only 50% of cases.
Asunto(s)
Síndromes Periódicos Asociados a Criopirina/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Australia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Síndromes Periódicos Asociados a Criopirina/complicaciones , Síndromes Periódicos Asociados a Criopirina/diagnóstico , Síndromes Periódicos Asociados a Criopirina/terapia , Diagnóstico Tardío/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Vigilancia en Salud Pública , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Montelukast was effective in treating refractory abdominal and urinary symptoms in a child with systemic mastocytosis.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de Leucotrieno/uso terapéutico , Mastocitosis Sistémica/tratamiento farmacológico , Quinolinas/uso terapéutico , Dolor Abdominal/tratamiento farmacológico , Angioedema/tratamiento farmacológico , Cetirizina/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Cromolin Sódico/uso terapéutico , Ciclopropanos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Mastocitosis Sistémica/diagnóstico , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Ranitidina/uso terapéutico , Sulfuros , Incontinencia Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Global climate change modelling has identified south-east Australia as a 'hot spot' for more frequent climatic extremes. Rural landholders may be vulnerable to the risks climate change presents. Australia's rural landholders are considered highly adaptable, with a history of responding to climatic uncertainty and variability. Yet it is possible that some of their adaptations will not be effective in reducing vulnerability, and may have downstream impacts. Rural landholder decision making is complex, and this is one of a limited number of papers examining rural landholder responses to climate change and the factors influencing their decisions. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and a mail survey of rural landholders in two districts. Established socio-psychological scales were employed to measure beliefs, values and attitudes that are expected to shape landholder behaviour. Most of the rural landholders surveyed were not climate change 'deniers' with 70% agreeing that the climate is changing and that human activity is a major influence. Climate change was nominated as an influence on six adaptive behaviours by 50% or more of survey respondents. However, there were no significant relationships between belief in climate change and adaptive actions. Personal values and worldviews were found to be the most frequent factors linked to adaptive behaviour. These findings illustrate the complex nature of rural landholder decision making: suggesting that many rural landholders do not need convincing of the existence of climate change; and that efforts to motivate rural landholders to respond to climate change risks should be based on sound knowledge of their values and worldviews.
Asunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Toma de Decisiones , Propiedad , Población Rural , Actitud , Valores Sociales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , VictoriaRESUMEN
Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus and a similar condition, porokeratotic eccrine and hair follicle nevus, are rare disorders of keratinization with eccrine and hair follicle involvement. We describe the clinical features in 5 patients, all of whom had widespread skin involvement following the lines of Blaschko. Two patients presented with erosions in the newborn period as the initial manifestation of their disease; one had an associated structural anomaly, unilateral breast hypoplasia; and one adult had malignant transformation in the nevus with development of multifocal squamous cell carcinomas. Three patients had histologic involvement of both acrosyringia and acrotrichia. Based on the observation of overlapping histologic features, we propose the name "porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus" to incorporate the previously described entities porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus and porokeratotic eccrine and hair follicle nevus.
Asunto(s)
Nevo Intradérmico/patología , Poroqueratosis/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/patología , Adulto , Femenino , Folículo Piloso , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Nevo Intradérmico/clasificación , Nevo Intradérmico/congénito , Poroqueratosis/clasificación , Neoplasias Cutáneas/clasificación , Neoplasias Cutáneas/congénitoRESUMEN
Infantile haemangiomas are among the most common growths during infancy. Their rapid growth during infancy and vascularity can easily cause confusion with other, less common growths. This article focuses on the myriad of diagnostic mimics of haemangiomas, including other vascular anomalies, benign growths, and malignancies.
Asunto(s)
Hemangioma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Tejido Vascular/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Vasculares/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 1/análisis , Hemangioma/congénito , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Neoplasias de Tejido Vascular/congénito , Neoplasias Cutáneas/congénito , Telangiectasia/congénito , Telangiectasia/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Infantile haemangiomas are among the most common growths during infancy. Their rapid growth during infancy and vascularity can easily cause confusion with other, less common growths. Part I focussed on other vascular anomalies that can mimic infantile haemangiomas. Part II emphasizes benign growths and malignant conditions that can also cause diagnostic confusion.
Asunto(s)
Hemangioma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Vasculares/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico , Quiste Dermoide/congénito , Quiste Dermoide/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Fibrosarcoma/congénito , Fibrosarcoma/diagnóstico , Hemangioma/congénito , Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans/congénito , Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Rabdomiosarcoma/congénito , Rabdomiosarcoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/congénito , Telangiectasia/congénito , Telangiectasia/diagnósticoRESUMEN
We present five cases of an unusual phenotype of nevus sebaceus characterized by large, pink, exophytic nodules. In all cases, no evidence of extracutaneous disease or associated syndromes was observed. We review the clinical presentation of nevus sebaceus, the differential diagnosis of exophytic scalp tumors in the newborn, as well as management of these lesions.
Asunto(s)
Hamartoma/patología , Nevo Sebáceo de Jadassohn/patología , Cuero Cabelludo/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Piel/patología , Cara/patología , Femenino , Hamartoma/congénito , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Nevo Sebáceo de Jadassohn/congénito , Fenotipo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/congénitoRESUMEN
A cohort of children with hair pulling as the presenting symptom was followed up to enhance clinical understanding of the nature of hair-pulling behaviour in childhood. Thirty-eight children were clinically assessed for a diagnosis of trichotillomania, co-morbidity, co-existing habits and other relevant factors. Intervention consisted of a combination of behavioural strategies, self-esteem work, supportive family approaches, attachment-focused parenting models and medication. In this group of children it was difficult to define their symptoms as a clinical diagnosis of trichotillomania, using ICD-1O/DSM-IV. This article concludes that hair pulling, as a symptom in children, is a heterogeneous condition. It is useful to approach this issue from a developmental perspective. Our data warrant reappraisal of the diagnosis of trichotillomania in childhood. We explore the framework of a developmental continuum to understand and manage the problem of hair pulling in childhood.
Asunto(s)
Tricotilomanía/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Terapia Conductista/métodos , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil/clasificación , Preescolar , Comorbilidad , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Terapia Familiar/métodos , Femenino , Hábitos , Humanos , Lactante , Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades , Masculino , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Psicoterapia/métodos , Autoimagen , Terminología como Asunto , Tricotilomanía/clasificación , Tricotilomanía/terapiaRESUMEN
A 10-month-old girl with marked symptomatic dermographism presented with linear bands at the sock line noted to have developed following an episode of localized urticaria and angioedema at the sock line. We speculate that release of mast cell mediators associated with the dermographism may have triggered the development of the linear bands.
Asunto(s)
Vestuario , Mastocitos/fisiología , Urticaria/etiología , Urticaria/patología , Constricción , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Pierna , PresiónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon low-grade fibrohistiocytic tumor that usually occurs on the trunk or proximal extremities and typically appears during the second to fifth decade of life. It most commonly begins as a red-blue plaque that grows slowly and ultimately becomes nodular. The tumor is associated with a high recurrence rate but low metastatic potential. It rarely presents in childhood and is even more rarely present at birth. The clinical diagnosis of DFSP in infancy or childhood may be difficult because, in its early stages, the tumor often resembles a vascular birthmark. OBSERVATIONS: We studied 6 patients with congenital DFSP who were initially thought to have other diagnoses, highlighting the potential clinical variability in presentation. Half of the cases in this series occurred in areas of the body outside of the typically reported distribution pattern of acquired DFSP and in locations that, therefore, may not arouse suspicion of congenital DFSP. CONCLUSIONS: Given the aggressive local potential and high recurrence rate of DFSP, early diagnosis is preferable to facilitate appropriate excision. We recommend that any infant or child presenting with a cutaneous plaque or nodule, even congenital, that does not have characteristic or diagnostic clinical features undergo tissue biopsy for histologic evaluation.
Asunto(s)
Dermatofibrosarcoma/congénito , Dermatofibrosarcoma/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/congénito , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Biopsia con Aguja , Niño , Preescolar , Dermatofibrosarcoma/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Lactante , Masculino , Cirugía de Mohs , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Medición de Riesgo , Muestreo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Dermatomiositis/diagnóstico , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Fotograbar , Verrugas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
AIM: Baby boomers are depicted as a cohort who will redefine the ageing process and reject segregated homes for older people. This exploratory study sought to find and interview friendship groups in rural Australia who are actively engaged in creating alternative living arrangements conceptualised around preparations for old age. METHOD: A purposive sampling frame and snowballing techniques were used to identify groups of interest, who were interviewed by phone using a semistructured survey. RESULTS: Five groups were identified, each with explicit plans to avoid segregated housing by taking care of each other. They believe segregated housing to be undesirable and unsustainable, and perceive a need for alternative solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Baby boomers geographically unattached and independent of children recognise they will require the cooperation of others to remain independent for as long as possible, and will strive to create mutually supportive living arrangements - thus creating new models of retirement community.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/psicología , Viviendas para Ancianos , Crecimiento Demográfico , Características de la Residencia , Jubilación/psicología , Población Rural , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Australia , Femenino , Amigos , Hogares para Ancianos , Humanos , Vida Independiente , Relaciones Interpersonales , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Motivación , Calidad de Vida , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , TeléfonoAsunto(s)
Cateterismo Venoso Central/efectos adversos , Catéteres de Permanencia/efectos adversos , Infección Hospitalaria/etiología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/etiología , Adulto , Instituciones Oncológicas , Cateterismo Venoso Central/instrumentación , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Niño , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Humanos , Control de Infecciones , Ciudad de Nueva York/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Sepsis/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Nevo , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Anomalías Múltiples/patología , Humanos , Nevo/clasificación , Nevo/complicaciones , Nevo/diagnóstico , Nevo/patología , Nevo Pigmentado/clasificación , Nevo Pigmentado/diagnóstico , Nevo Pigmentado/patología , Nevo Pigmentado/terapia , Piel/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/clasificación , Neoplasias Cutáneas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , SíndromeRESUMEN
We report two boys with trichodysplasia spinulosa associated with chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a cutaneous viral infection of immunosuppressed patients that causes abnormal hair follicle maturation. Our patients presented with widespread papules, some extruding a central keratin spicule, which were most prominent on the face. Histopathology demonstrated hair follicles dilated by a proliferation of large eosinophilic cells containing numerous abnormal trichohyaline granules. Electron microscopy in case 1 revealed 30-nm viral particles in the stratum corneum consistent with a papovavirus. In case 1, the eruption persisted despite topical salicyclic acid 4%, ammonium lactate 17.5%, tretinoin 0.05% and oral acitretin. However, it resolved once the patient's immune function returned to normal (total duration of 2 years). In case 2, the eruption spontaneously resolved after 9 months. This case report discusses the characteristic clinicopathological features of trichodysplasia spinulosa and, for the first time, follows the condition's natural history.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Enfermedades del Cabello/inducido químicamente , Folículo Piloso/virología , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Niño , Dermatosis Facial/inducido químicamente , Dermatosis Facial/patología , Femenino , Enfermedades del Cabello/patología , Enfermedades del Cabello/virología , Folículo Piloso/patología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
A novel pigmented dermatosis was observed in four unrelated boys, three of whom had insulin-dependent diabetes. Three patients were the offspring of consanguineous parents. All four boys had pigmented hypertrichotic patches or induration on the upper inner thighs, with variable involvement of the genitalia, trunk, and limbs. Two boys had episcleritis and orbital proptosis with similar facies and musculoskeletal abnormalities including clinodactyly, flat feet, and short stature. One child had paraaortic and inguinal lymphadenopathy and three patients had an enlarged liver and spleen. A large, swollen pancreas was observed on ultrasound imaging in one patient with insulin dependent diabetes who also had echocardiographic evidence of pericardial inflammation. Three boys had elevated laboratory markers of inflammation. Biopsy specimens from the skin and orbit showed a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate composed of polyclonal lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells; fibrosis was observed in two patients, one of whom had previously received radiation therapy to the orbit. Two boys responded to treatment with subcutaneous interferon-alpha, combined with a short course of oral prednisone in the child without diabetes. We believe these inflammatory pigmented skin lesions represent a unique dermatosis associated with diabetes mellitus and systemic disease. The pathogenesis is unknown. The presence of consanguinity in three of four families, and similar dysmorphic features in two boys, suggest a genetic disorder, possibly with autosomal recessive inheritance.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Hiperpigmentación/complicaciones , Hiperpigmentación/genética , Hipertricosis/complicaciones , Hipertricosis/genética , Adolescente , Niño , Consanguinidad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patología , Humanos , Hiperpigmentación/patología , Hipertricosis/patología , MasculinoRESUMEN
The term 'erythrokeratodermas' or 'erythrokeratodermias' has been applied to a group of inherited disorders characterized by well-demarcated erythematous lesions and hyperkeratotic plaques. Connexin mutations have been demonstrated to be responsible for most cases of erythrokeratoderma variabilis but there remain some cases without demonstrated connexin mutations, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. The position of progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma has become rather unclear. Loricin mutations have been found in some cases that clinically resemble variant Vohwinkel syndrome and other cases have features that overlap with those of erythrokeratoderma variablis. Whether progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma exists as a distinct entity is under question.
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Dermatología/tendencias , Eritema/clasificación , Queratosis/clasificación , Niño , Preescolar , Conexinas/genética , Dermatología/métodos , Eritema/diagnóstico , Eritema/genética , Eritema/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Queratosis/diagnóstico , Queratosis/genética , Queratosis/terapia , Masculino , Enfermedades Cutáneas Genéticas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Genéticas/genética , Enfermedades Cutáneas Genéticas/terapiaRESUMEN
A 6-year-old boy with improving juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) developed severe and debilitating calcinosis, unresponsive to diltiazem and probenecid. Alendronate produced dramatic improvement within 1 month and by 12 months calcinosis had virtually resolved. The response was followed by bone mineral content measurements.
Asunto(s)
Alendronato/administración & dosificación , Calcinosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatomiositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Calcinosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcinosis/etiología , Niño , Dermatomiositis/complicaciones , Dermatomiositis/diagnóstico por imagen , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Esquema de Medicación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Radiografía , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Psoriasis commences by the age of 15 years in one third of patients and is an important childhood disorder. Various human leukocyte antigen associations are important in predisposition to psoriasis, and streptococcal disease is important in its precipitation and exacerbation. The disorder takes many clinical forms, with guttate lesions and anogenital and facial involvement being particularly prominent in the childhood age group. Pustular psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy are rare in this group of patients. It is important to take the age of the patient into account when making treatment choices.