Patient-Reported Outcomes and Return to Work after CT-Guided Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy: A Prospective Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD) under computed tomography (CT) guidance on pain and functional capacities and to estimate the speed of recovery by assessing the time to return to work. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients treated with PLD were prospectively included between December 2019 and April 2021. Data regarding pain, duration of symptoms, analgesia intakes, time of absence from work, and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were collected. Patients were followed-up during 6 months. Duration of hospitalization and time to return to work were reported. The Fisher test was used to compare nominal variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare ordinal variables, and the Student t test to compare quantitative continuous variables. RESULTS: A total of 87 patients were evaluated (median age, 56 years; interquartile range [IQR], 43-66 years). The median ODI decreased from 44 (IQR, 33-53) to 7 (IQR, 2-17) at 6 months (P < .001). The median visual analog scale score decreased from 8 (IQR, 8-9) to 2 (IQR, 0-3) within 6 months (P < .001). In total, 96.5% of patients were discharged on the day of the procedure, and 3.5% were discharged on the following day. No severe adverse events were reported according to the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) classification system. Of the 57 patients previously employed, 50 were able to return to work during the follow-up, with a median time of 8 days (IQR, 0-20 days). CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic lumbar disc herniation can be successfully treated using PLD, resulting in significant improvement in symptoms and functional capacities and a fast return to work.

Combined vertebroplasty and pedicle screw insertion for vertebral consolidation: feasibility and technical considerations.

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and technical accuracy of performing pedicular screw placement combined with vertebroplasty in the radiological setting. METHODS: Patients who underwent combined vertebroplasty and pedicle screw insertion under combined computed tomography and fluoroscopic guidance in 4 interventional radiology centers from 2018 to 2023 were retrospectively assessed. Patient demographics, vertebral lesion type, and procedural data were analyzed. Strict intra-pedicular screw positioning was considered as technical success. Pain score was assessed according to the Visual Analogue Scale before the procedure and in the 1-month follow-up consultation. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients (38 men and 19 women) with a mean age of 72.8 (SD = 11.4) years underwent a vertebroplasty associated with pedicular screw insertion for the treatment of traumatic fractures (29 patients) and neoplastic disease (28 patients). Screw placement accuracy assessed by post-procedure CT scan was 95.7% (89/93 inserted screws). A total of 93 pedicle screw placements (36 bi-pedicular and 21 unipedicular) in 32 lumbar, 22 thoracic, and 3 cervical levels were analyzed. Mean reported procedure time was 48.8 (SD = 14.7) min and average injected cement volume was 4.4 (SD = 0.9) mL. A mean VAS score decrease of 5 points was observed at 1-month follow-up (7.7, SD = 1.3 versus 2.7, SD = 1.7), p < .001. CONCLUSION: Combining a vertebroplasty and pedicle screw insertion is technically viable in the radiological setting, with a high screw positioning accuracy of 95.7%.

Effectiveness of Geniculate Artery Embolization for Chronic Pain after Total Knee Replacement-A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of embolization of hyperemic synovial tissue for the treatment of persistent pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with persistent pain after TKA were enrolled in this prospective, single-center pilot study. Genicular artery embolization (GAE) was performed using 75-µm spherical particles. The patients were assessed using a 100-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at baseline and 3 and 6 months thereafter. Adverse events were recorded at all time points. RESULTS: A mean of 1.8 ± 0.8 abnormal hyperemic genicular arteries were identified and embolized, with a median volume of diluted embolic material of 4.3 mL in all 12 (100%) patients. The mean VAS score on walking improved from 73 ± 16 at baseline to 38 ± 35 at the 6-month follow-up (P < .05). The mean KOOS pain score improved from 43.6 ± 15.5 at baseline to 64.6 ± 27.1 at the 6-month follow-up (P < .05). At the 6-month follow-up, 55% and 73% of the patients attained a minimal clinically important change in pain and quality of life, respectively. Self-limited skin discoloration occurred in 5 (42%) patients. The VAS score increased by more than 20 immediately after embolization in 4 (30%) patients, who required analgesic treatment for 1 week. CONCLUSION: GAE is a safe method of treating persistent pain after TKA that demonstrates potential efficacy at 12 months.

Clinical and radiological outcomes following insertion of a novel removable percutaneous interspinous process spacer: an initial experience.

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of a series of patients treated with a removable percutaneous interspinous process spacer (IPS) (LobsterProject® Techlamed®) for symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). METHODS: All patients treated in two centres with this IPS during 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Procedures were performed under deep sedation or general anaesthesia by two interventional radiologists. Patients were clinically evaluated before intervention and at 3-month follow-up with Visual Analog Scales for pain (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and radiologically with MRI or CT scans. Neural foramina were independently measured for each patient on pre- and post-procedural CT scans by two radiologists. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients were treated in the selected period of which fifty-eight had complete documentation (mean age 71.2 ± 9.2 years [55-92], 32 males, 26 females). Forty-eight interventions were performed under deep sedation and ten under general anaesthesia, without procedural complications. Clinical follow-up at 3 months showed a significant reduction of pain (VAS from 83 ± 9 to 29 ± 19, - 65%; p < 0.001) and an improvement in functional outcomes (ODI from 31 ± 12 to 13 ± 10%, - 58%; p < 0.001). There was one case of unsatisfactory positioning post procedure, two cases of posterior migration at 3-month follow-up and one case of spinous process fracture. Mean neural foramina area increased from 77 ± 23 to 95 ± 27 mm2 (+ 26%; p < 0.001) with very good inter-observer reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.899). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous minimally invasive insertion of a removable IPS device demonstrates a favourable safety profile, good clinical outcomes at 3 months, and apparent anatomical increase in foraminal dimensions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05203666-Release Date: 21st January 2022, retrospectively registered.

Percutaneous discectomy under CT and fluoroscopy guidance: an international multicentric study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the technical efficacy, safety, and reproducibility of automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy (APLD) under CT and fluoroscopic guidance, for treating radiculopathy caused by lumbar disc herniation in patients impervious to conservative treatment. METHODS: A total of 77 patients with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation were treated with APLD in a prospective multicentric study performed in four centers across three countries. Magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography was used to evaluate the disc herniation before and after the procedure. Only local anesthesia was used during these procedures. Clinical outcomes were measured with the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at one and 6 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Technical success rate was 100% with a mean intervention duration of 30 min (15-45 min). No complications occurred during the procedure. Post-lumbar puncture syndrome occurred in three patients who were successfully treated with blood patches. VAS decreased from a mean of 8 before the intervention to 3 1 month after (p value = 0.001). The requirement for analgesia decreased from 100 to 27%. No statistically significant differences in outcomes were found between the centers. CONCLUSION: APLD with dual imaging guidance under local anesthesia is a safe, feasible, and reproducible technique to treat symptomatic lumbar disc herniation.

Flexor Hallucis Longus decompression under ultrasound guidance: A cadaver study.

INTRODUCTION: The Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) is a muscle that can be subject to multiple impingements caused by exaggerated plantar flexion in athletes. The most common impingement is due to inflammation of the tendon at the retrotalar pulley. The constraints exerted on the FHL are responsible for a pathology called functional Hallux Limitus. Surgical treatment consists of tenolysis of the FHL arthroscopically or via open surgery, by opening the pulley. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of lesions of the neurovascular pedicle and the posterior tibial tendon after tenolysis of the Flexor Hallucis Longus under ultrasound guidance. HYPOTHESIS: The hypothesis of this study is that tenolysis of the Flexor Hallucis Longus could proceed under ultrasound guidance without associated tendon lesions or neurovascular lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen cadaveric specimens were studied, resulting in an analysis of 26 feet. Following identification of the Flexor Hallucis Longus, tenolysis with a 19-gauge needle under ultrasound guidance was performed by an orthopedic specialist after hydrodissection to push back the posterior tibial pedicle. The dissection of the cadavers made it possible to verify the positioning of the posterior tibial pedicle, the FHL tendon and the opening of the retrotalar pulley. RESULTS: Five cadaveric subjects, 10 cases, underwent a complete opening of the retrotalar pulley under ultrasound guidance. In 16 cases, the opening was partial, with a section of the pulley of 65.87±18%. The cases of partial openings showed no neurovascular or tendinous lesions. The 10 cases of complete opening resulted in 5 lesions of the tibial nerve, 4 vascular lesions: 1 venous and 3 arterial, and 6 lesions of the FHL tendon. CONCLUSION: Tenolysis of the Flexor Hallucis Longus under ultrasound guidance at the level of its retrotalar pulley was systematically associated with neurovascular lesions in the event of complete release of the pulley by the method studied, unlike a partial release where no lesion was found. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III; case-control study.

In-Office Biceps Tenotomy with Needle Arthroscopy: A Feasibility Study.

Isolated pathology of the long head of the biceps is an indication for biceps tenotomy. To date, needle arthroscopy allows a direct diagnosis of shoulder lesion. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of an in-office biceps isolated tenotomy by needle arthroscopy. Advantages were found in the fast-track process and the high rate of satisfaction in our selected patients. It was also a way to correct the diagnosis of torn biceps missed by the imaging. However, performing this procedure requires previous experience in conventional arthroscopy and should not be performed on anxious patients. Further studies will be necessary to confirm the reproducibility of this promising method, which could be a valuable alternative to heavy in-operating room process.