Skeletal muscle mass and function are affected by pancreatic atrophy, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and poor nutritional status in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have demonstrated that sarcopenia is frequently observed in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, most studies have defined sarcopenia solely based on skeletal muscle (SM) loss, and muscle weakness such as grip strength (GS) reduction has not been considered. We aimed to clarify whether SM loss and reduced GS have different associations with clinical characteristics and pancreatic imaging findings in patients with CP. METHODS: One hundred two patients with CP were enrolled. We defined SM loss by the SM index at the third lumbar vertebra on CT (<42 cm2/m2 for males and <38 cm2/m2 for females), and reduced GS by < 28 kg for males and <18 kg for females. RESULTS: Fifty-seven (55.9 %) patients had SM loss, 21 (20.6 %) had reduced GS, and 17 (16.7 %) had both. Patients with SM loss had lower body mass index, weaker GS, higher Controlling Nutritional Status score, lower serum lipase level, and lower urinary para-aminobenzoic acid excretion rate, suggesting worse nutritional status and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. On CT, main pancreatic duct dilatation and parenchymal atrophy were more frequent in patients with SM loss than in those without it. Patients with reduced GS were older and had worse nutritional status than those without it. CONCLUSIONS: SM loss was associated with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, low nutritional status, and pancreatic imaging findings such as parenchymal atrophy and main pancreatic duct dilatation, whereas older age and low nutritional status led to additional reduced GS.

Trends and clinical characteristics of pediatric acute pancreatitis patients in Japan: A comparison with adult cases based on a national administrative inpatient database.

BACKGROUND: /Objectives: Pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) is not as rare as previously thought, and an increased incidence thereof has been reported. We aimed to clarify the trends and clinical characteristics of pediatric AP in Japan. METHODS: We utilized the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database for patients admitted between April 2012 and March 2021, and extracted the data of patients whose principal diagnosis was AP (ICD-10 code K85) or in whom AP accounted for most of the medical expenses. Patients were classified into pediatric (≤18 years) and adult (age >18 years) groups. RESULTS: We included 3941 AP cases in pediatrics and 212,776 in adults. AP cases accounted for 0.08 % of all admissions in pediatrics and 0.33 % in adults, with upward trends during the study period. The proportion of AP patients among all admissions was increased with advancing age in pediatrics. Compared to adults, pediatric AP patients had a smaller proportion of severe cases (22.9 % vs. 28.7 %; P < 0.001), fewer interventions for late complications (0.2 % vs. 1.3 %; P < 0.001), shorter hospital stays (mean 16.6 days vs. 18.0 days; P = 0.001), lower overall mortality (0.7 % vs. 2.9 %; P < 0.001), and lower mortality in severe cases (1.3 % vs. 5.6 %; P < 0.001). Pediatric cases were more frequently transferred from other institutions and treated at academic hospitals than adults (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was an upward trend in the proportion of AP among all admissions in pediatrics, with a lower risk of complications and mortality than adult cases.

Utility of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration and Biopsy for Histological Diagnosis of Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis.

In Japan, type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is the most common type of AIP; type 2 AIP is rare. The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and biopsy (EUS-FNAB) for the diagnosis of type 2 AIP. We analyzed the tissue specimens of 10 patients with suspected type 2 AIP who underwent EUS-FNAB at our hospital between April 2009 and March 2021 for tissue volume and histopathological diagnostic performance. The male-to-female ratio of the patients was 8:2, and the patient age (mean ± standard deviation) was 35.6 ± 15.5 years. EUS-FNAB provided sufficient tissue volume, with high-power field >10 in eight patients (80.0%). Based on the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC), four patients (40.0%) had histological findings corresponding to ICDC level 1, and five patients (50.0%) had histological findings corresponding to ICDC level 2. The results of this study show that EUS-FNB can be considered an alternative method to resection and core-needle biopsy for the collection of tissue samples of type 2 AIP.