Impaired endogenous thrombolysis in acute coronary syndrome patients predicts cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to assess endogenous thrombolytic activity in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and relate this to their likelihood of future adverse cardiovascular events. BACKGROUND: Spontaneous lysis of platelet-rich thrombi is an important defense mechanism against lasting occlusion. Despite convincing evidence for the role of endogenous fibrinolysis in ACS, the prognostic value of plasma fibrinolytic markers in assessing risk is limited. We employed a novel global test which, in addition to platelet reactivity, allows assessment of endogenous thrombolytic activity to identify ACS patients who remain at risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS: We used the global thrombosis test (GTT) to assess thrombotic and thrombolytic status in 300 ACS patients receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy. The test assesses the time required to form an occlusive thrombus, the occlusion time (OT), and the time to lyse this, the lysis time (LT). The end point of the study at 12 months' follow-up was the composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke. RESULTS: The OT and LT were both prolonged in ACS patients compared with normal volunteers (p < 0.001). LT > or =3,000 s occurred in 23% of ACS patients versus none of the normal subjects and was a significant and independent predictor of cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction in a multivariate model adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. LT > or =3,000 s was the optimal cutoff value for predicting 12-month major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.34 to 4.71, p = 0.004) and cardiovascular death (HR: 4.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.13 to 15.62, p = 0.033). HR increased further as LT increased. No association was found between OT and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of endogenous thrombolytic status based on the lysis of platelet-rich thrombi from native blood using the point-of-care GTT can identify ACS patients at risk of future cardiac events.

Synchronous ileal carcinoid and primary colonic neoplasms: a case report.

Primary colonic tumours with synchronous ileal carcinoid tumours are rare in occurrence and are mainly found incidentally on autopsies or pathological examination of resected surgical specimens. This article describes a case of adenomatous colonic polyps, adenocarcinoma of sigmoid colon and concurrent malignant carcinoid tumour of ileocaecal junction, detected on colonoscopic examination. The radiological staging investigations revealed no distant spread of disease. The patient was effectively treated with subtotal colectomy, resection of terminal ileum, excision of locoregional lymph nodes and the bowel continuity was restored with stapled ileo-rectal anastomosis. This article is as an example of concomitant presence of two types of malignant tumours, effectively managed surgically.