[Predictors of process-related and structuring parental support during distance learning due to Corona-pandemic]. / Prädiktoren von prozessbezogener und strukturierender elterlicher Unterstützung während des (coronabedingten) Distanzunterrichts.

School closure due to Corona-pandemic shifted school learning into the families. Pupils were faced with the task to organize learning and the use of learning time more independently. The children were primarily supported by parents in aspects of organization and learning content. Based on previous research on parental homework support and educational partnerships, it can be assumed that both the structuring and process-related learning support provided by parents depends on socio-demographic characteristics of the family, but is also associated with characteristics of the child (e.g., age, learning behavior) and the perceived school learning support (teacher commitment, level of requirements). These associations were investigated by regression analysis on the basis of data from a standardized online survey with N = 6685 parents of children at secondary schools in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The findings speak in favor of adaptive learning support for parents, which is less intensive for older and female students with favorable learning behavior than for younger and male students with unfavorable learning behavior. School-based learning guidance also contributes to the prediction of parental behavior, with committed teacher behavior contributing to increased support for the child, especially in families with lower school leaving certificates of (surveyed) parents.

Long-Term Single-Center Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Renal Dialysis Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of dialysis-dependent chronic renal failure (DD-CRF) is growing worldwide. Such patients are exposed to a higher cardiovascular risk because of severe calcification and congestive heart failure caused by volume overload, with poor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes of patients with DD-CRF who were undergoing cardiac surgery in a single institution (West German Heart and Vascular Centre Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany). METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of 241 consecutive patients who presented with DD-CRF and were undergoing cardiac-surgery between January 2000 and December 2017 was conducted. End points were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events and long-term survival. Additionally, Cox regression multivariate analysis was performed to detect independent predictors of mortality. Follow-up was 98.3% complete through August 2018. RESULTS: The mean age of the study cohort was 63 ± 12.2 years, and 65.1% of these patients were male. Congestive heart failure (CHF) was present in 41.5% of patients, 30.7% had a previous myocardial infarction, 9.1% had previous cardiac surgery, and 22.4% needed urgent or emergency surgery. These patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (44.8%), isolated procedures other than coronary artery bypass grafting (17.8%), or concomitant procedures (37.3%). Early outcomes reported in-hospital mortality in 10.4%, low cardiac output syndrome in 7.1%, and stroke in 2.1% of patients, respectively. Overall mortality was recorded in 61% of patients at last follow-up. Cox regression multivariate analysis reported age 60 years or older (hazard ratio [HR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62 to 3.45; P < .001) and CHF (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.78; P < .001) as positive predictors of death and subsequent kidney transplantation (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.59; P < .001) as a negative predictor of death. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac surgery in patients with DD-CRF is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, overall mortality was mainly not cardiac related, and older patients or those who presented with CHF had the worst life expectancy. However, subsequent kidney transplantation positively affected long-term survival in these patients.

Complications of bronchoscopically guided percutaneous dilational tracheostomy: beyond the learning curve.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the complication rate of bronchoscopically guided percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT), with tracheal tube suture fixation and no elective tracheostomy tube exchange, after experience had been gained. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Anaesthesiological ICU with mixed surgical and medical patients in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Hundred thirty-three mechanically ventilated patients (mean age: 54.8 years, range: 13-87 years) with indication for PDT, many with thrombocytopenia and/or coagulation deficits. INTERVENTIONS: Hundred thirty-six consecutive PDTs performed by residents under bronchoscopic guidance with stepwise dilation ( n=114, Ciaglia's conventional system) or conic dilation ( n=22, "Blue Rhino" approach) and supervision of experienced staff anaesthesiologists. Tracheostomy tubes were fixed to the skin with a suture and no routine exchange of tracheostomy tubes was performed. Complications were categorised and the results were also compared to an earlier prospective study. RESULTS: The incidence of tracheostomy tube-related complications (hypoxaemia, cannula misplacement, accidental decannulation, cuff rupture and hernia, or posterior tracheal wall lesion) was low (0.7%) and significantly less (6.2%, p=0.01) than in our earlier study. No patient died of PDT-associated complications. We recorded four (2.9%) clinically relevant bleeding episodes. Insertion of tracheal tubes was easy or only moderately difficult in 86.7%. CONCLUSION: With experience in performing PDT, fixation of the tracheal cannula, and omission of routine change of tracheostomy tubes complication rate of PDT is low.