Efficacy of Diabetes Education in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Primary Care: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of different diabetes education methods on metabolic control, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure. DESIGN: A systematic review was carried out. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), CUIDEN, Ibecs, and Scopus databases were consulted. The search was done in May 2018. Studies included controlled clinical trials on diabetes education in primary care that were published in English and Spanish during the years 2011 to 2018. RESULTS: The post-intervention results were as follows: glycosylated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) ranged between -1.6% (individual education [IE]) and + 0.05% (mixed education [ME]). The values of BMI varied from -0.7% (group education [GE]) to -0.3% (GE). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) fluctuated. SBP varied from -8.5 mmHg (GE) to +2.9 mmHg (GE); DBP varied from -3.1 mmHg (GE) to -0.9 mmHg (GE). Total cholesterol ranged from -15.9/dL (GE) to +2 mg/dL (GE). LDL cholesterol ranged from -18.3 mg/dL (GE) to -7 mg/dL (ME). HDL cholesterol ranged from +0.8 mg/dL (IE) to +8.12 mg/dL (GE). Triglycerides varied from -21.1 mg/dL (GE) to +11.0 (GE). CONCLUSIONS: The most profound decrease in HbA1c was achieved using individual education. However, to decrease BMI, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, group education was the most effective intervention. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To obtain good metabolic control, it is necessary to address both clinical and psychological aspects, including modifying nutritional and dietary habits, monitoring medication, increasing knowledge of diabetes, and combining theoretical content with physical exercise programs. Reinforcement strategies are very important to achieve the objectives of educational programs.

[Who is the user of socio-health interventions and what are their needs?]. / ¿Quién es el receptor de intervenciones sociosanitarias y cuáles son sus necesidades?

Socio-health interventions include performance and care intended to attend to the needs of people who have suffered a decrease in their personal autonomy because of their age, illness or disability. Oriented towards achieving an improvement in the quality of life of people in that situation, they try to meet the requirements of people in an integrated way. To intervene in those situations involves providing technical aids and environmental, custom and social changes as well as personal care needed to improve their quality of life and enhance their skills and well-being. Scientific advances and demographic and social changes have determined a change in the profile of socio-health interventions' receivers, highlighting longevity, chronicity of processes and aging of the informal caregiver. The aim of this work is to characterize the person receiving the social-health interventions and to reflect on what their needs are. To do this we have conducted a biomedical studies' review through literature searches at ScienceDirect as well as a review of national institutional documentation related to people in dependent situations and their family caregivers. People who need socio-health help establish a heterogeneous population in respect of their needs. Both the person with disabilities and their informal caregiver need to be considered as an object of interest and attention.

¿Quién es el receptor de intervenciones sociosanitarias y cuáles son sus necesidades? / Who is the user of socio-health interventions and what are their needs?

Las intervenciones sociosanitarias incluyen las actuaciones y cuidados destinados a atender las necesidades de las personas que a causa de su edad, enfermedad o discapacidad, han sufrido merma en su autonomía personal. Orientadas hacia el logro de una mejora en la calidad de vida de las personas en esa situación, tratan de atender a las personas de una forma integral. Intervenir en esas situaciones supone ofrecer las ayudas técnicas, los cambios ambientales, de costumbres y sociales así como el cuidado personal necesarios para mejorar su calidad de vida y potenciar sus capacidades y bienestar. Los avances científicos y cambios demográficos y sociales han condicionado una modificación en el perfil de los receptores de intervenciones sociosanitarias, destacando la longevidad, la cronicidad de los procesos y el envejecimiento del cuidador informal. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar a la persona que recibe las intervenciones sociosanitarias y reflexionar sobre cuáles son sus necesidades. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de estudios biomédicos mediante búsquedas bibliográficas en ScienceDirect así como documentación institucional nacional relativas a personas en situación de dependencia y sus cuidadores familiares. Las personas que precisan ayuda sociosanitaria constituyen una población heterogénea en cuanto a sus necesidades. Tanto la persona con discapacidad como su cuidador informal precisan ser consideradas objeto de interés y atención

Socio-health interventions include performance and care intended to attend to the needs of people who have suffered a decrease in their personal autonomy because of their age, illness or disability. Oriented towards achieving an improvement in the quality of life of people in that situation, they try to meet the requirements of people in an integrated way. To intervene in those situations involves providing technical aids and environmental, custom and social changes as well as personal care needed to improve their quality of life and enhance their skills and well-being. Scientific advances and demographic and social changes have determined a change in the profile of socio-health interventions’ receivers, highlighting longevity, chronicity of processes and aging of the informal caregiver. The aim of this work is to characterize the person receiving the social-health interventions and to reflect on what their needs are. To do this we have conducted a biomedical studies’ review through literature searches at ScienceDirect as well as a review of national institutional documentation related to people in dependent situations and their family caregivers. People who need socio-health help establish a heterogeneous population in respect of their needs. Both the person with disabilities and their informal caregiver need to be considered as an object of interest and attention

Bases moleculares de la obesidad: regulación del apetito y control del metabolismo energético / Obesity molecular basis: appetite regulation and energetic metabolism control

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