Antibacterial properties and modulation analysis of antibiotic activity of NaCe(MoO4)2 microcrystals.

This study reports the antibacterial properties and modulation analysis of antibiotic activity by NaCe(MoO4)2 microcrystals as well as their structural and morphological characterization. Evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activity was carried out using the broth microdilution method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the compounds were expressed as the geometric mean of the triplicate values obtained through the use of Resazurin. Compound concentrations in the plates ranged from 512 to 0.5 µg/mL. Regarding its direct antibacterial activity, NaCe(MoO4)2 had a MIC ≥ 1024 µg/mL against all studied strains. As for its modulatory effect, it presented synergism with the antibiotic Gentamicin against the S. aureus strain and with Norfloxacin against E. coli, causing a reduction of 75% and 60%, respectively, in the antibiotic quantity required to have the same effect on the strain in study.

ß-Ag2MoO4 microcrystals: Characterization, antibacterial properties and modulation analysis of antibiotic activity.

This study reports the antibacterial properties and modulation analysis of antibiotic activity by ß-Ag2MoO4 microcrystals as well as their structural and vibrational characterization. The silver molybdate was obtained by the conventional hydrothermal method, and the structural, vibrational and morphological properties of the sample were determined using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. ß-Ag2MoO4 microcrystals obtained show spinel-type cubic structure (Fd-3m) with irregular shapes. The evaluation of antibacterial and modulatory-antibiotic activity was performed using the microdilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the ß-Ag2MoO4 and antibiotics alone and associated with the silver molybdate. The ß-Ag2MoO4 modulates the antibiotic activity against all bacteria assayed in a synergistic (as the norfloxacin and gentamicin against S. aureus and gentamicin against E. coli) or an antagonistic form (as the norfloxacin against E.coli and P. aeruginosa). The reversion of antibiotic resistance by combinations with Ag2MoO4 could be a novel strategy to combat infections caused by multiple drug resistance (MDR) pathogens. Our results indicate that these silver molybdates present a clinically relevant antibacterial activity and enhanced the antibiotic activity of some antibiotics against MDR strain of S. aureus and E. coli, being an interesting alternative to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infectious agents.

A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study with tranexamic acid of bleeding and fibrinolytic activity after primary coronary artery bypass grafting.

Cardiopulmonary bypass is frequently associated with excessive blood loss. Platelet dysfunction is the main cause of non-surgical bleeding after open-heart surgery. We randomized 65 patients in a double-blind fashion to receive tranexamic acid or placebo in order to determine whether antifibrinolytic therapy reduces chest tube drainage. The tranexamic acid group received an intravenous loading dose of 10 mg/kg, before the skin incision, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg kg(-1) h(-1) for 5 h. The placebo group received a bolus of normal saline solution and continuous infusion of normal saline for 5 h. Postoperative bleeding and fibrinolytic activity were assessed. Hematologic data, convulsive seizures, allogeneic transfusion, occurrence of myocardial infarction, mortality, allergic reactions, postoperative renal insufficiency, and reopening rate were also evaluated. The placebo group had a greater postoperative blood loss (median (25th to 75th percentile) 12 h after surgery (540 (350-750) vs 300 (250-455) mL, P = 0.001). The placebo group also had greater blood loss 24 h after surgery (800 (520-1050) vs 500 (415-725) mL, P = 0.008). There was a significant increase in plasma D-dimer levels after coronary artery bypass grafting only in patients of the placebo group, whereas no significant changes were observed in the group treated with tranexamic acid. The D-dimer levels were 1057 (1025-1100) microg/L in the placebo group and 520 (435-837) microg/L in the tranexamic acid group (P = 0.01). We conclude that tranexamic acid effectively reduces postoperative bleeding and fibrinolysis in patients undergoing first-time coronary artery bypass grafting compared to placebo.

A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study with tranexamic acid of bleeding and fibrinolytic activity after primary coronary artery bypass grafting

Cardiopulmonary bypass is frequently associated with excessive blood loss. Platelet dysfunction is the main cause of non-surgical bleeding after open-heart surgery. We randomized 65 patients in a double-blind fashion to receive tranexamic acid or placebo in order to determine whether antifibrinolytic therapy reduces chest tube drainage. The tranexamic acid group received an intravenous loading dose of 10 mg/kg, before the skin incision, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg kg-1 h-1 for 5 h. The placebo group received a bolus of normal saline solution and continuous infusion of normal saline for 5 h. Postoperative bleeding and fibrinolytic activity were assessed. Hematologic data, convulsive seizures, allogeneic transfusion, occurrence of myocardial infarction, mortality, allergic reactions, postoperative renal insufficiency, and reopening rate were also evaluated. The placebo group had a greater postoperative blood loss (median (25th to 75th percentile) 12 h after surgery (540 (350-750) vs 300 (250-455) mL, P = 0.001). The placebo group also had greater blood loss 24 h after surgery (800 (520-1050) vs 500 (415-725) mL, P = 0.008). There was a significant increase in plasma D-dimer levels after coronary artery bypass grafting only in patients of the placebo group, whereas no significant changes were observed in the group treated with tranexamic acid. The D-dimer levels were 1057 (1025-1100) æg/L in the placebo group and 520 (435-837) æg/L in the tranexamic acid group (P = 0.01). We conclude that tranexamic acid effectively reduces postoperative bleeding and fibrinolysis in patients undergoing first-time coronary artery bypass grafting compared to placebo.

Anestesia no coronariopatia / Anesthesia in the coronary disease patient

O equilíbrio entre a oferta e o consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio é essencial para uma adequada anestesia foi mantida no paciente coronariopata O halotano tem sido utilizado como anestésico para pacientes com cardiopatia isquêmica por diminuir o consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio. Este trabalho tem como finalidade avaliar a técnica anestésica utilizada em 100 pacientes estudados retrospectivamente e 20 prospectivamente, submetidos à cirurgia de revascularizaçäo do miocárdio. A induçäo foi realizada com tiopental sódico (4- 6 mg. kg-1), brometo de pancurônio (0,1 mg. kg-1) e fentanil (3 microng. kh-1). A anestesia foi mantida com halotano na concentraçäo de 0,5 - 1,5% e fentanil completando a dose de 10 -15 microng. kg-1. Em 29 pacientes utilizou-se a clorpromazina (0,2 mg. kg-1) com a finalidade de reduzir a pós-carga. Foram pesquisadas alteraçöes que pudessem modificar o consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio, tais como hipertensäo, hipotensäo, bradicardia disritmias e alteraçöes eletrocardiográficas tentando-se correlacionar estas alteraçöes com seus fatores causais. No estudo retrospectivo ocorreu hipertensäo em 21%, taquicardia em 24%, hipotensäo em 4% bradicardia em 5% e disritmias em 5% dos pacientes. No entanto prospectivo tivemos hipertensäo em 15%, taquicardia em 5%, bradicardia em 15% e disritmias em 20% dos pacientes. A técnica anestésica utilizada mostrou-se eficaz, exceto em alguns casos onde a analgesia foi insuficiente