Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ).

PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to analyse the factor structure and psychometric properties of a Spanish validation of the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) in a community sample of adolescents. METHODS: A total of 4283 people (55.9% girls, aged 12-18) participated. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated four first-order factors related to a second-order factor including the total BIAQ score, with excellent fit and invariance across sex. The total internal consistency of the questionnaire was adequate, although two factors showed low reliability. Strong relationships were found with scales evaluating preoccupation with weight and dysmorphic concerns, and moderate correlations with dissatisfaction and investment in appearance. It was found that 24.06% of adolescents with body image disturbance could be at risk of developing a body image disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the use of the Spanish translation of the BIAQ for assessing behavioural characteristic of body image disturbance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Validation of a Spanish Version of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scales.

Physical appearance comparison has been widely studied because of its strong relationship with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. The main objective of this study was to validate the physical appearance comparison scales (PACS-Revised and PACS-3) in a sample of Spanish men and women and examine their psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 1151 participants (age M = 22.31, SD = 3.40). A unidimensional structure was corroborated in the PACS-R, and three factors in the PACS-3 (proximal, distal, and muscularity comparisons). The PACS-R and PACS-3 showed full scalar invariance across sex. The internal consistency for the PACS-R and subscales of PACS-3 were satisfactory. Positive statistically significant relationships were found with measures of disordered eating (EAT-26) and dysmorphic concern (DCQ). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the PACS-3 discretely improved the prediction of disordered eating over PACS-R, but did not show improvement in the prediction of dysmorphic concern beyond the PACS-R. These findings suggest that the PACS-R and PACS-3 may be useful tools for evaluating the tendency of men and women to compare their physical appearance.

La mediación psicológica perspectiva desde la psicología clínica / The psychological mediation perspective from the clinical psychology

El presente artículo es una revisión de conceptos para entender el papel de la Psicología Clínica en la mediación de conflictos, que desde la visión del proceso salud-enfermedad trata de aportar al bienestar Biopsicosocial de personas implicadas en problemas que afectan la salud mental. Se trata de una reflexión experiencial que aporta una manera de ser, de oponer y resolver las dificultades relacionadas con los comportamientos humanos. Además, se explica el papel del Psicólogo Clínico al momento de usar esta herramienta psicoterapéutica que es capaz de dar solución a los problemas y devolver el equilibro metal de los implicados.

This article is a review of concepts to understand the role of Clinical Psychology in mediating conflicts, which from the vision of the health-disease process, it contributes to the biopsychosocial wellbeing of people who are involved in problems that affect the mental health. It is an experiential reflection that provides a way of being, how to oppose and solve the difficulties related to human behavior. It also explains the role of the Clinical Psychologist at the moment to use this psychotherapeutic technique to solve the problems and return the metal balance patients.

Estudio Trasversal: Evaluación del Estrés Académico en Estudiantes de Medicina y su Asociación con la Depresión / Cross - Sectional Research: Evaluation of Academic Stress in Medical Students and Association with Depression

INTRODUCCIÓN: La presencia de agotamiento psicológico, despersonalización y deterioro del desarrollo personal, es conocido como estrés académico. Esta sintomatología produce la activación fisiológica, psicológica, cognitiva y conductual pudiendo ser un factor de riesgo para desarrollar depresión. El objetivo es evaluar el estrés académico en estudiantes de medicina y establecer la relación con la depresión. MÉTODO: Estudio analítico de corte transversal, que incluyó estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca-Ecuador, durante el ciclo académico de septiembre 2016 a febrero 2017. La muestra fue probabilística, con aleatorización simple de los participantes. Se evaluó el estrés académico y su relación con la depresión, a través de un formulario conformado por variables sociodemográficas, el inventario SISCO y la escala de Hamilton. RESULTADOS: Participaron 159 estudiantes de primero a noveno ciclo. Cursaban los ciclos de fundamentación teórica (66.7 %). El género mayoritario fue el femenino (58.5 %). El grupo de edad predominante fueron los adultos jóvenes (67.9 %). La residencia urbana fue del (76.7 %). La mayoría registraron ser solteros (97.5 %). Se autoidentificaron como mestizos el (89.9 %). Los estudiantes que presentaron estrés académico fue del (95 %). Registraron depresión el (57.9 %), como factor de riesgo para presentar estrés académico según (RP 1.02) (IC 95% 0.94-1.09). Esta asociación no fue estadísticamente significativa (p = 0.644). Elestadístico de contraste de hipótesis fue el Chi2. CONCLUSIONES: Existieron diferencias significativas al establecer la prevalencia de estrés académico en estudiantes de medicina, sin embargo, no se demostró la relación con la depresión, a pesar de ser un factor de riesgo.

BACKGROUND: The presence of psychological exhaustion, depersonalization and deterioration of personal development, is known as academic stress. This symptomatology produces the physiological, psychological, cognitive and behavioral activation, being able to be a risk factor to develop depression. The aim was to evaluated academic stress in medical students and establishes the relationship with depression. METHODS: It was a Cross-sectional study, which included medical students from the Catholic University of Cuenca - Ecuador, during the academic cycle from September 2016 to February 2017. The sample was probabilistic, with the simple random assignment of participants. Academic stress and it was relations to depression were evaluated through a form composed of sociodemographic variables,the SISCO inventory and theHamilton scale. RESULTS: Participated 159 students from the first to the ninth cycle, who studied theoretical cycles (66.7%). The majority sex was female (58.5%). The predominant age group was young adults (67.9%). The urban residence was (76.7%). According to the marital status,the majority were single (97.5%), self-identified asmestizos (89.9%). The students who presented academic stresswere(95%),registereddepression(57.9%),asarisk factorforpresentingacademic stress according to (PR 1.02) (95% CI: 0.94-1.09) . This association was not statistically significant(p = 0.644). The hypothesis test statistic was Chi2. CONCLUSIONS: Itwas existed a significant difference to establishing the prevalence of academic stress in medical students, however, was not demonstrated the relationship with depression, despite being a risk factor.