Development of the opioid self-management scale for advanced Cancer patients with pain and examination of its validity and reliability.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 60% of outpatients with advanced cancer experience pain; therefore, self-management of opioid use is important for appropriate pain relief. To date, no studies have clearly described the concept of opioid self-management or assessed the factors involved, including the improvement of self-management abilities. This study developed, and evaluated the validity and reliability of an opioid self-management scale for advanced cancer patients with pain (OSSA). Opioid self-management in advanced cancer patients with pain was defined as the management of opioid medication performed by patients with advanced cancer to relieve cancer pain on their own. METHODS: Three phases were required for validation and reliability of the OSSA: 1) testing content validity, 2) testing face validity, and 3) testing construct validity, concurrent validity and reliability. RESULTS: After a three-phase process, the OSSA consisted of 33 items on six subscales. The structural equation modeling was such that the χ2 value was 709.8 (p < 0.001, df = 467), goodness-of-fit index was 0.78, adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.73, root mean squares of approximation was 0.063, and comparative fit index was 0.92. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the total OSSA score and the 24-hour average pain or pain relief over 24 hours were - 0.21 (p < 0.05) and 0.26 (p < 0.01), respectively. Cronbach's α was 0.93. The intraclass correlation coefficient range was 0.59-0.90. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study show that the OSSA has acceptable validity and reliability, and that better self-management leads to greater pain relief. The OSSA can be considered effective for use in research, but shortened version should be prepared for realistic and practical clinical use.

The 10-Min Holistic Self-Care for Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.

About 20% of patients with breast cancer are likely to develop breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) following an axillary clearance, and BCRL can be refractory or irreversible to treatment. The aim of this pilot randomized controlled study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 10-min holistic self-care program for patients with BCRL in Japan. The intervention group (n = 22) practiced the BCRL self-care program including 1) modified Japanese Radio Taiso (Rajio Taiso, national calisthenics in Japan), 2) gentle arm exercises combined with deep breathing, 3) central lymphatic drainage, and 4) skin care using a traditional lymphatic drainage technique daily for 6 months, while the control group (n = 21) received usual care from their hospitals. There was significant group*time interaction in the relative edema volume and relative volume change of the hand, with the intervention group having the better outcome. The intervention group showed significant improvement in transepidermal water loss as well as the mental health component summary score of the SF-8, most of BCRL-related symptoms, self-care time and score, frequencies of exercise, self-lymphatic drainage and skin care, and perceived adherence and effectiveness to self-care, although we were unable to exclude the possibility of the Hawthorne effect. Notably, even in the control group, the self-care was similarly increased, but the significant improvements were detected only in transepidermal water loss on the forearm and upper arm, pain and coldness. In conclusion, the patients who practiced the holistic BCRL self-care for 6 months have shown greater improvement.

The Perioperative Educational Program for Improving Upper Arm Dysfunction in Patients with Breast Cancer at 1-Year Follow-Up: A Prospective, Controlled Trial.

The many women with breast cancer who underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) suffer from the upper arm dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a perioperative educational program for improving upper arm dysfunction in breast cancer patients following ALND. This study was a sub-analysis of a previous controlled trial with an educational program. The subjects of this analysis included 64 patients following ALND who completed measurements at 12 months. The perioperative educational program consisted of monitoring of arm dysfunction, exercises, massage, and lifestyle adjustments. The intervention group (37 patients) received this perioperative educational program over 12 months, while 27 patients in the control group received written information about shoulder exercise from on-site staff only before surgery. Primary outcomes were shoulder range of motion (ROM), arm girth, and grip strength. Secondary outcomes were evaluated with the Subjective Perception of Post-Operative Functional Impairment of the Arm (SPOFIA) scores, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores, and the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey v2 (SF-36v2). The SF-36v2 measures health-related quality of life (QOL). Primary and secondary outcomes were compared between groups at 1 week (after drainage tube removal) and 12 months after surgery, using the Mann-Whitney U test. The horizontal extension was significantly improved only in the intervention group. Moreover, the SPOFIA score was significantly improved in the intervention group, and other scores of the secondary outcomes were similar between the two groups. The perioperative educational program may improve postoperative upper arm dysfunction and symptoms.

Investigation of mental health in Indonesian health workers immigrating to Japan under the Economic Partnership Agreement.

The aim of this study was to assess the mental health status of Indonesian nurses and care workers who immigrated to Japan after the Economic Partnership Agreement was signed by the governments of Japan and Indonesia in 2008. From November 2012 to March 2013, questionnaires were mailed to 206 workers in 87 medical and caregiving facilities that openly accept Indonesian EPA immigrant workers. Responses were received from 71 workers in 35 facilities. Responses from 22.5% of workers suggested that they were at risk of developing mental health problems, and "gender" and "acquisition state of national qualifications" were the main factors influencing their mental health status. The results suggest that support after obtaining national qualifications is inadequate and that mid and long-term support systems that focus on the needs of immigrant healthcare workers after passing national examinations are necessary.

Immunolocalization of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and its receptors (CRHR1 and CRHR2) in human endometrial carcinoma: CRHR1 as a potent prognostic factor.

OBJECTIVE: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a major regulator of the stress response, regulates various biological functions through its interaction with CRH receptors 1 (CRHR1) and 2 (CRHR2). CRH, CRHR1, and CRHR2 have recently been reported in several types of carcinoma, but the significance of these proteins has remained largely unknown in human endometrial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 87 endometrial carcinoma specimens were obtained from Japanese female patients who underwent surgical treatment, fixed in 10% formalin, and embedded in paraffin wax. Immunohistochemistry for CRH, CRHR1, and CRHR2 was performed, and clinical data were obtained from the medical records. RESULTS: Immunopositivity of CRH, CRHR1, and CRHR2 in the specimens was 26%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that immunohistochemical CRH status was positively associated with CRHR1 and CRHR2 status and that CRHR1 status was significantly associated with the risk of recurrence and poorer clinical outcome, whereas CRHR2 status was marginally associated with better prognosis for overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated CRHR1 status as an independent prognostic factor for both disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intratumoral CRH-CRHR1 signaling plays an important role in the progression of endometrial carcinoma and that CRHR1 is a potent prognostic factor in patients with this disease.

The perioperative educational program for improving upper arm dysfunction in patients with breast cancer: a controlled trial.

Most patients who undergo breast cancer surgery suffer from impairment of upper extremity function. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a perioperative educational program for improving upper arm dysfunction in patients with breast cancer. This longitudinal controlled study was conducted between January 2010 and July 2012. Participants comprised 149 patients with primary breast cancer before operation, allocated to intervention and control groups. Intervention comprised a 3-month educational program on monitoring arm function and exercises for preventing shoulder dysfunction and lymphedema. The control group received routine care from on-site staffs. Of the 149 patients analyzed, 69 underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), and 80 underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The intervention group included 39 patients with ALND and 51 patients with SLNB, while the control group included 30 patients with ALND and 29 patients with SLNB. Arm girth, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and grip strength were measured before surgery and at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Self-reported questionnaires, the Subjective Perception of Post-Operative Functional Impairment of the Arm (SPOFIA) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), were administered at the same time points. Among the variables examined, only SPOFIA and grip strength were significantly improved in the intervention group with ALND. In contrast, the perioperative educational program caused no significant improvement for the patients who underwent the surgery with SLNB. Thus, the present program improves the postoperative upper arm function and discomfort in breast cancer patients who undergo surgery with ALND.

Effectiveness of a telenursing intervention program in reducing exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory failure receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: A randomized controlled trial.

Telenursing for patients with chronic respiratory failure receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is an important aid in reducing exacerbations; however, there is insufficient evidence. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of a telenursing intervention program in reducing exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory failure receiving NPPV at home. We included patients receiving NPPV at home who could handle a tablet device. The intervention group (n = 15) underwent an information and communications technology-based telenursing intervention program in addition to usual care; the control group (n = 16) received the usual care only. The telenursing intervention program comprised telemonitoring and health counseling sessions via videophone. The intervention was evaluated once at enrollment and after 3 months. The primary endpoints were the number of unscheduled outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and hospital days. The secondary endpoints included the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score, Euro QOL 5 Dimension score, Self-Care Agency Questionnaire (SCAQ) score, pulmonary function tests, and 6-min walking distance. We used the Mann-Whitney U test for our analysis. We found no significant differences between the intervention and control groups at enrollment. Then, the differences between the endpoints at baseline and 3 months after enrollment were calculated and used to compare both groups. At follow-up, the number of routine outpatient visits for acute exacerbations (p = .045), the number of hospitalizations (p = .037), the number of hospital days (p = .031), SGRQ (p = .039) score, and SCAQ (p = .034) score were significantly different. The increase in the number of unscheduled outpatient visits in the intervention group during follow-up was attributed to acute exacerbations and a significant decrease in the number of hospitalizations and hospital days. Hence, the telenursing intervention program may be effective in reducing exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory failure receiving NPPV at home. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000027657.

Novel Vertical Cup-to-Disc Classification to Identify Normal Eyes That Maintain Non-Glaucoma Status: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.

PRCIS: We propose a new classification model to serve as a control for future genomic studies of glaucoma by distinguishing normal subjects maintaining non-glaucoma status for 10 years using the vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR). PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a classification for distinguishing subjects maintaining non-glaucoma status for 10 years using the VCDR. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Among 842 volunteers 40 years and older, 421 volunteers participated in the second ophthalmic examination 10 years after their first examination. Each volunteer was diagnosed either as healthy normal or glaucoma suspect (GS) in the first glaucoma screening examinations. The former was further classified into the 3 grades of N1, N2, and N3. Specifically, N1 represented (1) VCDR <0.3; (2) no notching or nerve fiber layer defect; and (3) no undermining, N2 indicated 0.3≤VCDR<0.6 and conditions (2) and (3) of N1; and N3 represented 0.3≤VCDR<0.6 with undermining and condition (2), or 0.6≤VCDR<0.7 and condition (2) of N1. Glaucoma transition rates (GTRs) were evaluated in 421 volunteers who returned to participate after a 10-year period. RESULTS: GTRs were calculated as 1.3% in both N1 and N2, 3.9% in N3, and 18.2% in GS. The ratio of volunteers in the same category maintenance rate increased from N1 to N3. CONCLUSION: GTRs were lower in N1 and N2 than in N3 or GS during the 10-year study period. This novel classification of healthy non-glaucoma subjects may help identify those, especially Japanese males, who maintain a non-glaucoma status for an extended period of 10 years.

Creation of human cardiac cell sheets using pluripotent stem cells.

Although we previously reported the development of cell-dense thickened cardiac tissue by repeated transplantation-based vascularization of neonatal rat cardiac cell sheets, the cell sources for human cardiac cells sheets and their functions have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we developed a bioreactor to expand and induce cardiac differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Bioreactor culture for 14 days produced around 8×10(7) cells/100 ml vessel and about 80% of cells were positive for cardiac troponin T. After cardiac differentiation, cardiomyocytes were cultured on temperature-responsive culture dishes and showed spontaneous and synchronous beating, even after cell sheets were detached from culture dishes. Furthermore, extracellular action potential propagation was observed between cell sheets when two cardiac cell sheets were partially overlaid. These findings suggest that cardiac cell sheets formed by hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes might have sufficient properties for the creation of thickened cardiac tissue.

Development of the quality of life of family caregivers of advanced cancer patients scale in Japan: Psychometric properties.

Objective: We aimed to develop a new scale for use in Japan, called the "Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Advanced Cancer Patients Scale (QFCS)" and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods: A draft scale was extracted based on qualitative inductive and deductive analyses, and its content validity and surface validity were investigated. Its psychometric properties were examined. Results: The QFCS consists of 30 items comprising four factors. Cronbach's α was 0.92 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.90. Correlation coefficients between the total QFCS score and eight subscale scores of the revised Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form Survey Instrument were rs â€‹= â€‹0.22-0.65 (P â€‹< â€‹0.01-0.05). The Physical Component Summary was r â€‹= â€‹0.29 (P â€‹< â€‹0.01), and the Mental Component Summary was r â€‹= â€‹0.67 (P â€‹< â€‹0.01). Correlation coefficients between the QFCS total score and four subscale scores of the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) were r â€‹= â€‹0.27-0.59 (P â€‹<0 â€‹.01) and the CQOLC total score was r â€‹= â€‹0.65 (P â€‹<0 â€‹.01). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the QFCS exhibited acceptable psychometric properties in measuring the quality of life of family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of family support using the QFCS.

Time-course changes in active stiffness of the supraspinatus muscle after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the time-course changes in the active stiffness of the supraspinatus muscle after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. METHODS: Eight male patients (mean age 61.5 ± 9.4 years) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for small to medium tears were recruited for this study. Movement tasks included 30° shoulder isometric abduction and maximal voluntary isometric contraction of shoulder abduction in the scapular plane. The stiffness of the supraspinatus (anterior superficial, anterior deep, posterior superficial, and posterior deep regions), upper trapezius, and middle deltoid muscles in bilateral shoulders was recorded using ultrasound shear wave elastography. For each subject, the measurement was performed preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The stiffness of the affected anterior superficial region of the supraspinatus muscle 12 months postoperatively was significantly higher than that measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.05); it was significantly higher at 6 months postoperatively than at 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Further, the maximal voluntary isometric contraction had significantly improved 12 months postoperatively compared to that measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). The stiffness of the affected upper trapezius and middle deltoid muscles 12 months postoperatively was significantly lower than that preoperatively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The maximal voluntary isometric contraction 12 months postoperatively possibly increased because of improvement in the active stiffness of the anterior superficial region. Active stiffness of the anterior superficial region may improve 6 months rather than 3 months postoperatively because of the different stages of muscle force, structural repair tendon strength, and remodeling.

Seasonal Variation and Trend of Intraocular Pressure Decrease Over a 20-Year Period in Normal-Tension Glaucoma Patients.

PURPOSE: To investigate the trend of seasonal variation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with normal-tension glaucoma over a 20-year period by retrospectively analyzing the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Glaucoma Registry database as real-world data. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Data points (n = 49,007) were extracted retrospectively from the medical records of 1774 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (665 male patients and 1109 female patients; mean ± SD age was 59.8 ± 14.4 years; and mean ± SD observation period was 5.6 ± 4.4 years) seen over the 20-year period. We first calculated the mean IOP from all available data of each month from January 1997 through December 2016. The data were then categorized into 5 groups of 4 consecutive years each (1997-2000, 2001-2004, 2005-2008, 2009-2012, and 2013-2016) and the mean IOP of each month within the group was calculated. Seasonal variations of IOP over the 20-year study period and in the 5 consecutive groups were then investigated via nonlinear multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: A continuous decrease of IOP was detected throughout the 20-year period (P < .001), with distinct seasonal variation. The annual mean ± SD IOP was highest (13.9 ± 2.7 mm Hg) in the oldest group (1997-2000), with a gradual decrease in each subsequent group, finally becoming lowest (12.3 ± 2.7 mm Hg) in the most recent group (2013-2016) (P < .001), and all of them were accompanied by distinct seasonal variation (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Glaucoma Registry real-world longitudinal data, our findings revealed a continuous decrease and distinct seasonal variation of IOP in patients with normal-tension glaucoma throughout the 20-year study period.

C/EBPß is a critical mediator of IFN-α-induced exhaustion of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells.

Even in the era of ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, eradication of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells is necessary for complete cure of the disease. Interferon-α (IFN-α) has long been used for the treatment of chronic-phase CML, but its mechanisms of action against CML stem cells remain unclear. We found that IFN-α upregulated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ß (C/EBPß) in BCR-ABL-expressing mouse cells by activating STAT1 and STAT5, which were recruited to a newly identified 3' distal enhancer of Cebpb that contains tandemly aligned IFN-γ-activated site elements. Suppression or deletion of the IFN-γ-activated site elements abrogated IFN-α-dependent upregulation of C/EBPß. IFN-α induced differentiation and exhaustion of CML stem cells, both in vitro and in vivo, in a C/EBPß-dependent manner. In addition, IFN-α upregulated C/EBPß and induced exhaustion of lineage- CD34+ cells from CML patients. Collectively, these results clearly indicate that C/EBPß is a critical mediator of IFN-α-induced differentiation and exhaustion of CML stem cells.

Association between chronological depressive changes and physical symptoms in postoperative pancreatic cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has poorer prognosis and higher surgical invasiveness than many other cancers, with associated psychiatric symptoms including depression and anxiety. Perioperative depression has not been investigated in PC patients regarding surgical stress and relevant interventions. METHODS: We evaluated chronological depressive changes and subjective physical symptoms in surgically treated PC patients preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.Enrolled patients undergoing pancreatic tumor surgery completed questionnaires based on the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Patients with Hepatobiliary Cancer (FACT-Hep) preoperatively, and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Responses were analyzed with JMP® Pro using one-way and two-way ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Malignancy was diagnosed in 73 of 101 patients postoperatively; SDS score was significantly higher in these patients than in those with benign tumors at all timepoints: malignant/benign, 41.8/37.9 preoperatively (p = 0.004); 43.5/37.8 3 months postoperatively (p = 0.006); and 42.9/37.7 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.020). SDS scores were significantly higher in patients < 65 years old with malignancy at 3 months than at 6 months postoperatively (44.6/42.5, p = 0.046) and in patients with malignancy who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at 3 months postoperatively than preoperatively (43.4/41.1; p = 0.028). SDS scores moderately correlated with 8 physical symptom-related FACT-Hep items 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.05), showing low-to-moderate correlation with 16 physical symptom-related FACT-Hep items at 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis of FACT-Hep symptoms significantly correlated with SDS scores revealed the following significant variables: "lack of energy" (p < 0.000) and "pain" (p = 0.018) preoperatively (R2 = 0.43); "able to perform usual activities" (p = 0.031) and "lack of energy" (p < 0.000) at 3 months postoperatively (R2 = 0.51); and "stomach swelling or cramps" (p = 0.034) and "bowel control" (p = 0.049) at 6 months postoperatively (R2 = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: PC patients experience persistently high levels of depression preoperatively through 6 months postoperatively, with associated subjective symptoms including pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry 000009592, Registered 20 December 2012.

Number of papers published in English from the nursing departments of 42 national universities in Japan in the past ten years.

BACKGROUND: In Japan, the departments of nursing were established by 2004, and graduate school programs for master's degree were established by 2008, in 42 national universities. With these changes, a more academic mission has been pursued, and the need for writing papers in English has increased. AIM: To investigate the numbers of papers published in English from the nursing departments of national universities in Japan over the past ten years. METHODS: The lists of teachers who have nursing licenses in the departments of nursing in the 42 national universities (n=2292) were obtained from the Japan Association of Nursing Programs in Universities. The number of papers published in English by these teachers from 2004 to 2013 was counted using the SCOPUS database. RESULTS: The average number of total papers, in which at least one of the authors was a nursing teacher, and first-authored papers, in which the first author was a nursing teacher, were 211.4 and 69.9 per year, respectively; both increased approximately two-fold during the past ten years. The means and standard deviations of the number of total papers and first-authored papers were 50.3±63.8 (range: 1-382) and 18.3±23.4 (range: 0-147) according to universities, and 1.39±5.84 (range: 0-140) and 0.33±1.28 (range: 0-21) according to teachers, respectively. When journals with the highest number of papers were analyzed, 12 of the top 20 (total papers) and 12 of the top 16 (first-authored papers) were in journals whose editorial offices are in Japan. CONCLUSION: The number of papers published in English has increased over the past ten years, varied markedly depending on the universities and teachers, and many papers were published in Japanese journals. To our knowledge, this is the first report anywhere to determine the average number of nursing papers "per teacher" in a specific population.