RESUMEN
A new coupling method is proposed for high-power laser-diode-array (LDA) end-pumped large-aperture amplifiers. In this method, stacks in the LDA are distributed on a spherical surface, and a hollow duct is placed after them. Both numerical simulations and experimental research have been done for this method. All results show that high coupling efficiency and uniform pumping field can be obtained simultaneously using this method.
RESUMEN
Objective To explore the clinical effect of phalangeal fractures with self-made mini external fixator. Methods From June, 2014 to June, 2017, 16 cases of phalangeal fracture were treated with self-made mini external fixator. In the followed-up periods, the regulating rechecks of X-ray and measurement of interpha-langeal joint activity were determined. The total active movement (TAM), numerical pain ranting scale (NPRS) and morning stiffness was used to estimate the fracture healing and the hand function recovery. Results Pain and ab-normal movement around fracture was found 6 weeks after the operation in 1 case, which had been healed by re-moving the external fixation, open reduction and internal fixation with kirschner wire. The other 15 cases were fol-lowed-up of 48-72 (average, 58) weeks. The fracture has healed. And there was no osteomyelitis, no breakage and loosening of steel needles. The clinical healing time of the fracture was 14 to 16 weeks, with an average of 15.5 weeks. According to the TAM, NPRS and morning stiffness, there was excellent in 11 cases, and good in 4 cases. Conclusion The self-made mini external fixator can maintain the stability after fracture reduction, provide the tension required for the healing of collateral ligament and joint capsule, and meet the need of early functional exer-cise. It is an ideal treatment option for phalangeal fractures.