Dressings for Preventing Pressure Ulcers: A Meta-analysis.

The purpose of this analysis is to determine the effectiveness of dressing material in the prevention of pressure ulcers. Results showed that hydrocolloid, foam, and film were more effective than a standard care protocol in patients at risk for pressure ulcers.

[Clinical control study of dialysates with different concentrations of calcium on blood pressure in patients under hemodialysis for prolonged period].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in blood pressure in hemodialysis patients treated with low calcium dialysate or high calcium dialysate for long time. METHODS: Fifteen patients undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. High calcium dialysate (1.75 mmol/L, Dca1.75) was first used for 6 months, then low calcium dialysate (1.25 mmol/L, Dca1.25) was used for 6 months. Serum calcium, phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were measured, blood pressure was recorded before and after hemodialysis at the beginning, and also at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after hemodialysis. RESULTS: Compared with that before the treatment, systolic and diastolic blood pressure lowered significantly after single low calcium hemodialysis for 4 hours (both P<0.05), while systolic and diastolic blood pressure rose significantly after single high calcium hemodialysis (both P<0.05). Systolic blood pressure changed more obviously after two hemodialyses (both P<0.05). Changes in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure were positively related to changes in serum total calcium (r(1)=0.326, P(1)=0.054; r(2)=0.383, P(2)=0.037; r(3)=0.391, P(3)=0.032). During 6 months of hemodialysis with low calcium dialysate, blood pressure lowered slightly with no significant difference in it (P>0.05), while systolic blood pressure rose during 6 months of hemodialysis with high calcium dialysate (P<0.05). Changes in systolic blood pressure were significantly different between two groups using dialysates with different calcium concentrations (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Systolic blood pressure and incidence of hypertension decrease after single low calcium hemodialysis.

[Effect of polydatin on miR-214 expression and liver function in ApoE-/- mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of polydatin on the expression level of miR-214 and liver function in atherosclerotic mice. METHODS: Forty male ApoE(-/-) mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=10), namely the model group, low- and high-dose polydatin groups, and simvastin group, with 10 male C57BL/6J mice serving as the normal control group. Mouse models of atherosclerosis were established by feeding the ApoE(-/-) mice with a high-fat diet. After 12 weeks of treatment, blood levels of glucose, lipids, AST, and ALT and the contents of T-SOD and MDA in the liver tissue were detected. The pathologies of the liver were examined with HE staining, and miR-214 expression in the liver was detected using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control mice, the mice in the model group showed significantly increased blood glucose, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and AST levels, and MDA contents in the liver (P<0.01), with significantly decreased serum HDL-C level and SOD and miR-214 levels in liver (P<0.01). Polydatin treatment significantly ameliorated such changes in blood glucose, serum ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels, and MDA, SOD, and miR-214 contents in liver tissue (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: s Polydatin can reduce blood glucose and lipid levels and protect the liver function in atherosclerotic mice possibly by up-regulating the expression of miR-214 and T-SOD and down-regulating MDA in the liver.

[Comparison of serum leptin clearance with different blood purification].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the serum Leptin clearance efficiency with different blood purification treatment. METHODS: Thirty-one chronic end-stage renal failure hemodialysis (HD) patients (16 men, 15 women, mean age (54.0+/-11.0) years) were enrolled into the study. All the patients were treated with routine hemodialysis, the serum Leptin levels were examined before and after HD. Then they were divided into two groups, one was to be treated with hemodiafiltration (12 patients), and the other was to be treated with blood adsorption (8 patients). The same serum Leptin levels were examined before and after treatment. Serum Leptin concentration was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: The concentration of serum Leptin was not significantly decreased after routine hemodialysis in HD patients ((11.820+/-5.507) microg/L vs. (12.255+/-5.172) microg/L, P>0.05). Leptin concentrations after hemodiafiltration and blood adsorption therapy were decreased to the levels of (29.07+/-8.56) percent and (40.29+/-8.33) percent respectively, and their curative effect was significantly different (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Routine hemodialysis can influence serum Leptin levels in HD patients. Hemodiafiltration and blood adsorption therapy can lower serum Leptin levels. Blood adsorption therapy is better than hemodiafiltration in the clearance of serum Leptin.

Variability of glomerular filtration rate estimation equations in elderly Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized worldwide as a public health problem, and its prevalence increases as the population ages. However, the applicability of formulas for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on serum creatinine (SC) levels in elderly Chinese patients with CKD is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on values obtained with the technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) renal dynamic imaging method, 319 elderly Chinese patients with CKD were enrolled in this study. Serum creatinine was determined by the enzymatic method. The GFR was estimated using the Cockroft-Gault (CG) equation, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, the Jelliffe-1973 equation, and the Hull equation. RESULTS: The median of difference ranged from -0.3-4.3 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The interquartile range (IQR) of differences ranged from 13.9-17.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Accuracy with a deviation less than 15% ranged from 27.6%-32.9%. Accuracy with a deviation less than 30% ranged from 53.6%-57.7%. Accuracy with a deviation less than 50% ranged from 74.9%-81.5%. None of the equations had accuracy up to the 70% level with a deviation less than 30% from the standard glomerular filtration rate (sGFR). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the mean difference ranged from -3.0-2.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2). However, the agreement limits of all the equations, except the CG equation, exceeded the prior acceptable tolerances defined as 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). When the overall performance and accuracy were compared in different stages of CKD, GFR estimated using the CG equation showed promising results. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that none of these equations were suitable for estimating GFR in the elderly Chinese population investigated. At present, based on overall performance, as well as performance in different CKD stages, the CG equation may be the most accurate for estimating GFR in elderly Chinese patients with CKD.

[The effects of TCM Yishen Decoction on the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in kidney of mouse with IgA nephropathy].

AIM: To explore effects of Yishen Decoction on the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in kidney of mice with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). METHODS: The IgAN model was established by oral administration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) together with the injection of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) through caudal vein. The mRNA and protein expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. RESULTS: No significant differences of mRNA and protein expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were found between the low and high concentration Yishen Decoction treated group. But the expression of TIMP-1 in the Yishen Decoction treated group was lower than that in the IgAN group, while that of MMP-9 was higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: The TCM Yishen Decoction can inhibit the abnormal expression of TIMP-1, and strengthen the expression of MMP-9 in kidney of mouse with IgA nephropathy.