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1.
J Phys Chem A ; 125(17): 3696-3709, 2021 May 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33890788

RESUMEN

The thermodynamic properties and band gap energies were evaluated for six ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): triphenylene; benzo[a]pyrene; benzo[e]pyrene; perylene; benzo[ghi]perylene; coronene. The standard molar enthalpies of formation in the crystalline state and the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation were measured by high precision combustion calorimetry and Knudsen effusion methodology, respectively. The combination of the molar enthalpies of formation in the crystalline state with the respective enthalpies of sublimation was used to evaluate the energetics of the progressive peri-fusion of the aromatic moieties from triphenylene to coronene aiming to investigate the hypothetical superaromaticity character of coronene. The linear trend of the enthalpy of formation in crystalline and gaseous phases in the series (from benzo[e]pyrene to coronene) is an irrefutable indication of a non-superaromaticity character of coronene. High accurate thermodynamic properties of sublimation (volatility, enthalpy, and entropy of sublimation) were derived by the measurement of vapor pressures as a function of temperature, using a Knudsen/quartz crystal effusion methodology. Furthermore, the π-electronic conjugation of these compounds was explored by evaluation of the optical band gaps along with this series of compounds. The morphology of perylene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and coronene thin films, deposited by physical vapor deposition onto transparent conductive oxide substrates (ITO and FTO), was used to analyze the nucleation and growth mechanisms. The morphologies observed were found to be related to the cohesive energy and entropy of the bulk.

2.
Parasitol Res ; 120(5): 1571-1582, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33852067

RESUMEN

Genus and species of phlebotomine sand flies have been recorded and described in caves in Brazil, but no study has provided the food source used by sand flies in these environments. Herein, we identified the blood source used by sand fly species in caves located at "Quadrilátero Ferrífero" (QF), Minas Gerais state. Specimens were manually collected near or on anurans inside ferruginous caves in Serra do Gandarela National Park and Serra do Rola Moça State Park. Males and females were placed in vials with 70% alcohol and stored at -10°C. Females engorged, after specific identification, had DNA extracted and followed for PCR amplification using specific primers. Sequencing was analyzed in the GenBank and Barcode of Life. A total of 198 specimens were collected (107 females and 91 males), all of them belonging to species Sciopemyia aff. microps (88.89%), Sciopemyia sordellii (10.61%), or Martinsmyia oliveirai (0.50%). When it comes to the females, 89 were S. aff. microps and 18 S. sordellii. Nineteen engorged females of S. aff. microps were analyzed and most of them (n=18) presented blood from Bokermannohyla martinsi and one contained blood from Scinax fuscovarius. The blood present in engorged females of S. sordellii (n=4) was from B. martinsi. Sciopemyia genus specimens are commonly found in collections carried out inside natural caves, but this was the first study to prove that females of this genus feed on cold-blooded animals in nature. HIGHLIGHTS: • Here we proved that sand flies feed in cold-blooded animals in in Brazilian caves. • Females of the Sciopemyia genus were for the first time found feeding in natural habitats. • Anurans of the family Hylidae were identified as source by molecular analyzes. • Insect bloodmeal identification can help assessing the fauna in several biomes. • This is the first record of S. aff. microps in caves of Brazil.


Asunto(s)
Anuros/parasitología , Phlebotomus/clasificación , Phlebotomus/fisiología , Animales , Brasil , ADN/genética , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Alimentos , Masculino , Parques Recreativos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa
3.
BMC Infect Dis ; 20(1): 885, 2020 Nov 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33238943

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is little information about the frequency of Leishmania infection in asymptomatic people living with HIV (PLWH) and about the performance of laboratory diagnostic methods in coinfected patients in Latin America. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of Leishmania spp. infection in HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil. METHODS: To detect Leishmania infection, diagnostic tests were performed to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies (ELISA using Leptomonas seymouri antigens; ELISA using rK39 antigens; ELISA using rK28 antigens; indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT); direct agglutination test (DAT)) and Leishmania DNA (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the target genes kDNA and ITS-1). RESULTS: The frequency of at least one positive test was 15%. For ELISA using Leptomonas antigens and IFAT, there was an association between CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and test positivity, with a higher positivity of these tests in more immunosuppressed patients (CD4+ T cell count < 200/mm3). CONCLUSIONS: According to our data, there was a high prevalence of Leishmania spp. infections in this population living with HIV. Although there is the possibility of cross-reaction, some tests that are considered highly specific for the diagnosis of Leishmania infection were positive. There was also an association between the positivity of some tests studied and lower values of CD4+ T lymphocytes.


Asunto(s)
Coinfección/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH , Leishmania/genética , Leishmania/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pruebas de Aglutinación , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Estudios de Cohortes , Coinfección/virología , Estudios Transversales , ADN de Cinetoplasto/genética , Pruebas Diagnósticas de Rutina/métodos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Humanos , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Adulto Joven
4.
Phys Chem Chem Phys ; 22(26): 15022-15034, 2020 Jul 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32597431

RESUMEN

Photonic and electronic properties exist inherently in ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3); severe luminescence quenching also exists due to the insufficient confinement of excitons. In this sense, high optical emission can only be achieved by its chemical and structural modification. Thin BaTiO3 and Er:BaTiO3 films were grown by the spin coating method on a glass substrate at room temperature. Self-trapping of excitons in the thin BaTiO3 film and its structural modification due to the doping with Er3+ ions (Er:BaTiO3) are verified using scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (SCFM), where self-trapping excitons never occured in its pure state. By thermal treatment and doping (BaTiO3 and Er:BaTiO3) we obtained localization of the excitons, which would further induce lattice strain around the surface defects, to accommodate the self-trapped excitons. With such a self-trapped state, the structure of BaTiO3 generates broadband emission of several overlapping bands between 1.95 and 2.65 eV at room temperature, while the structure Er:BaTiO3 showed defined emission bands at 2.24 and 2.35 eV, with very weak contributions of the emission due to the self-trapping state. The influence of the variation of the excitation wavelength using 1PE and 2PE on the emission bands of BaTiO3 and Er:BaTiO3 is also investigated. The results of enhanced emission bands suggest a clear dependence of the emission intensity on the excitation energy, where a ∼3 fold enhancement in emission has been demonstrated under Er3+ (1.55 eV) excitation, which can be attributed to effective energy transfer between the Er3+ ions. As a result, it is concluded that the developed BaTiO3 and Er:BaTiO3 can pave the way for future photonic devices.

5.
Climacteric ; 23(5): 505-510, 2020 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32338067

RESUMEN

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of isoflavones from Glycine max (L.) Merr (soy) used topically as a vaginal gel on the induction of vascularization of the vaginal tissue in postmenopausal women.Study design: A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial was conducted with 22 postmenopausal women, randomly allocated for treatment with Glycine max (L.) Merr isoflavone 4% vaginal gel daily for 12 weeks or with placebo gel for the same period.Main outcome measure: Vaginal microbiopsies were collected before and after the 12-week treatment. Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to provide a blood vessel count per field in the vaginal tissue, pre and post intervention.Results: The isoflavone group exhibited a significant increase in blood vessels per field relative to baseline, whereas the placebo group showed no difference compared to baseline. There was a significant difference in the increase of the number of blood vessels between the isoflavone and placebo groups.Conclusion: The results showed that local administration of Glycine max (L.) Merr isoflavone gel promoted a significant improvement in the number of blood vessels in the vaginal tissue of postmenopausal women.


Asunto(s)
Glycine max , Isoflavonas/administración & dosificación , Vagina/irrigación sanguínea , Vagina/patología , Cremas, Espumas y Geles Vaginales/administración & dosificación , Administración Intravaginal , Anciano , Atrofia , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Posmenopausia , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
6.
Int Endod J ; 53(7): 986-997, 2020 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32163598

RESUMEN

AIM: To establish whether irrigant activation techniques, namely manual dynamic activation (MDA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and sonic irrigation (SI), improve the tubular penetration of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) into root dentine when compared with conventional needle irrigation (CNI). Secondly, investigate if increasing NaOCl concentration and/or contact time improves the performance of these techniques. METHODOLOGY: A total of 83 extracted human maxillary permanent canines were decoronated to 15 mm, and root canals prepared to a size 40, .10 taper. Root dentine was stained with crystal violet for 72 h and embedded in silicone. Eighty specimens were randomly distributed into 16 groups (n = 5) according to the irrigant activation technique, NaOCl concentration (2%; 5.25%) and irrigant contact time (10 min; 20 min). All activation techniques were used for 60 s in the last minute of irrigation. Additionally, three teeth were not exposed to NaOCl to confirm adequate dentine staining had occurred (i.e. negative control). All specimens were subsequently dissected, observed under a light microscope and NaOCl penetration depth (µm) determined by measuring the average width of bleached dentine using ImageJ software. Statistical comparisons were made with paired and unpaired t-tests, anovas followed by post hoc Tukey's and Dunnett's tests, and a general linear model (α < 0.05). RESULTS: Overall, NaOCl penetration ranged from 38.8 to 411.0 µm with MDA, PUI and SI consistently resulting in significantly greater tubular infiltration than CNI (P < 0.05). The deepest measurements in the coronal, middle and apical segments were all recorded in the MDA; 5.25%; 20 min group and the least in the CNI; 2%; 10 min group. Increasing either irrigant concentration or contact time resulted in significantly greater NaOCl penetration depths for all techniques and segments of the canal (P < 0.05). However, when irrigant concentration and contact time were increased together, a significant interaction effect between these two independent variables was observed on overall NaOCl penetration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Agitating irrigants with MDA, PUI or SI, as well as using greater irrigant concentrations or contact times, potentiated NaOCl penetration into root dentine. However, longer durations of NaOCl exposure at lower concentrations resulted in similar depths of tubular penetration as those achieved at higher concentrations.


Asunto(s)
Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular , Hipoclorito de Sodio , Cavidad Pulpar , Dentina , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Preparación del Conducto Radicular , Irrigación Terapéutica
7.
J Appl Microbiol ; 126(2): 580-594, 2019 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30466168

RESUMEN

AIMS: The AGT1 gene encodes for a general α-glucoside-H+ symporter required for efficient maltotriose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the present study, we analysed the involvement of four charged amino acid residues present in this transporter that are required for maltotriose consumption and fermentation by yeast cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: By using a knowledge-driven approach based on charge, conservation, location, three-dimensional (3D) structural modelling and molecular docking analysis, we identified four amino acid residues (Glu-120, Asp-123, Glu-167 and Arg-504) in the AGT1 permease that could mediate substrate binding and translocation. Mutant permeases were generated by site-directed mutagenesis of these charged residues, and expressed in a yeast strain lacking this permease (agt1∆). While mutating the Arg-504 or Glu-120 residues into alanine totally abolished (R504A mutant) or greatly reduced (E120A mutant) maltotriose consumption by yeast cells, as well as impaired the active transport of several other α-glucosides, in the case of the Asp-123 and Glu-167 amino acids, it was necessary to mutate both residues (D123G/E167A mutant) in order to impair maltotriose consumption and fermentation. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results obtained with mutant proteins, molecular docking and the localization of amino acid residues, we propose a transport mechanism for the AGT1 permease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our results present new insights into the structural basis for active α-glucoside-H+ symport activity by yeast transporters, providing the molecular bases for improving the catalytic properties of this type of sugar transporters.


Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/química , Proteínas de Transporte de Monosacáridos/química , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Simportadores/química , Trisacáridos/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico Activo , Fermentación , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Proteínas de Transporte de Monosacáridos/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Monosacáridos/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Simportadores/genética , Simportadores/metabolismo
8.
Gen Comp Endocrinol ; 273: 249-259, 2019 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30391241

RESUMEN

Spermatogenesis is a process driven by stem cell, where germ cell cycle is under the control of a specific genotype species. Considering that Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) is a Neotropical catfish with great economical importance and useful experimental model, little information is available on basic aspects of its reproductive biology, especially on spermatogenesis. As a result, this study aimed to characterize the male germ cells, estimate the duration of spermatogenesis and evaluate the expression of selected stem cell genes in Jundiá testis. Similar to other fish species, our results showed a remarkable decrease of germ cell nuclear volume during Jundiá spermatogenesis, particularly from type A undifferentiated to late type B spermatogonia and from diplotene to late spermatids. Using a S-phase marker, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), the combined duration of meiotic and spermiogenic phases in this species was estimated in approximately 7 days. This is considered very short when compared to mammals, where spermatogenesis last from 30 to 74 days. Selected stem cell genes were partially sequenced and characterized in Jundiá testis. Expression analysis showed higher plzf and pou5f3 mRNA levels in the cell fractions enriched by type A undifferentiated spermatogonia. These results were further confirmed by in situ hybridization that showed strong signal of plzf and pou5f3 mRNA in type A undifferentiated spermatogonia. Altogether, these information will expand our knowledge of the reproductive biology of this species, contributing to improve its production and management, and also for biotechnological applications, such as germ cell transplantation.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Bagres/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis , Espermatogonias/citología , Células Madre/metabolismo , Clima Tropical , Animales , Bagres/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Reproducción , Espermátides/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis/genética , Espermatogonias/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/citología , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Distribución Tisular
9.
Microsc Microanal ; 25(4): 883-890, 2019 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31232246

RESUMEN

Kinematic indicators, including certain strain fringes, represent an important group of structures related to the progressive deformation in rocks. The evolution of these fibrous textures can be explained by the combination of multiple mechanisms of deformation and fluid flow, mainly controlled by the orientation of the strain field and the morphology of the grains. In general, the observations are done with an optical microscope and compared with computational models of growth. This work proposes a combination of crystallographic and cathodoluminescence data obtained in rocks from banded iron formations of the Iron Quadrangle in Brazil to represent an example of how complementary analytical techniques can be useful to understand geological problems. The chosen sample exhibits a strain fringe structure of quartz around a clast of magnetite partially transformed into goethite and hematite. Through the crystallographic data it was possible to identify the grain boundary morphology and domains of low deformation areas. On the other hand, the cathodoluminescence signal evidenced the occurrence of grains with a higher concentration of crystalline defects.

10.
Pharmazie ; 74(12): 715-720, 2019 12 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31907109

RESUMEN

A copper(II) complex-loaded castor oil-based nanostructured lipid carrier was evaluated to enhance the poor water solubility of antimicrobial compounds, improving their biological properties and antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nanostructured lipid carriers were composed of the castor oil, polyoxyethylene 40 stearate and caprylic/capric triglyceride, poloxamer 407, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and three different copper(II) complexes. The systems were ultrasonicated at an amplitude of 8% for 20 min and an ice bath was used throughout the procedure. The blank nanostructured lipid carrier (F5) and nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with copper(II) complex 1, 2 and 3 (F5.1, F5.2 and F5.3, respectively) for 45 days presented values of mean diameter, poly dispersity index and zeta potential ranging from 186 to 199 nm, 0.14 to 0.2 and 24 to 30 mV, respectively. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the nanostructured lipid carriers were distributed at the nanoscale, corroborating the mean diameter data. Differential scanning calorimetry determined the melting points of the constituents of the nanostructured lipid carriers. The antimicrobial activity of copper(II) complexloaded F5 against M. tuberculosis H37Rv showed better anti-tuberculosis activity than the free complexes. In vivo biological assays of complex-loaded F5 demonstrated reduced toxicity. Our results suggest that nanostructured lipid carriers could be a potential nanotechnological strategy to optimise tuberculosis treatment.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Aceite de Ricino/farmacología , Cobre/farmacología , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Bioensayo , Lípidos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Nanoestructuras , Tamaño de la Partícula
11.
Int Nurs Rev ; 66(2): 199-208, 2019 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30328112

RESUMEN

AIMS: To identify the diagnoses documented by nurses in Portugal to describe the nursing needs within the scope of mental health nursing and the main problems in documenting these needs. BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis process is an essential step in nursing care planning. This process should be carried out by nurses in a rigorous and standardized manner, in order to ensure quality practices and to obtain indicators that can increase the visibility of nursing care. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY COMBINING: 1. quantitative content analysis of nursing diagnosis records written by nurses working in 39 psychiatry departments of the Portuguese National Health Service, and 2. An focus group meeting with 14 nurses exploring the results of first study phase. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed by content analysis. FINDINGS: The 2014 initial diagnosis records were systematized into 78 final diagnostic categories, which may represent the most relevant diagnoses in the field of mental health nursing in Portugal. The main problems found in the diagnostic identification by nurses included lack of a standardized language; confusion between nursing diagnoses and focus areas and identification of incongruent clinical judgements. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The changes observed in the fields of behaviour, emotions and psychological process correspond to the largest concentration of nursing diagnoses and challenges in Portugal. This study revealed the lack of standardized language used by nurses in defining diagnoses. The problems identified in the diagnoses documentation suggest that more training in this area is needed. NURSING IMPLICATIONS: This study provides information on the most relevant diagnoses in the area of mental health nursing in Portugal and may offer an important contribution towards improving nursing informatics systems and care to patients by means of standardization of language used in diagnosis definitions. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING POLICIES: The standardization of language used by mental health nurses may contribute towards producing health indicators that provides evidence to policymakers about the contribution made by nursing care towards improved population health.


Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica/normas , Registros de Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricos , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/organización & administración , Enfermería Psiquiátrica/organización & administración , Humanos , Rol de la Enfermera , Diagnóstico de Enfermería , Investigación en Evaluación de Enfermería , Planificación de Atención al Paciente/organización & administración , Portugal , Carga de Trabajo/estadística & datos numéricos
12.
Mol Psychiatry ; 21(11): 1561-1572, 2016 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26754951

RESUMEN

Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a mental illness gene first identified in a Scottish pedigree. So far, DISC1-dependent phenotypes in animal models have been confined to expressing mutant DISC1. Here we investigated how pathology of full-length DISC1 protein could be a major mechanism in sporadic mental illness. We demonstrate that a novel transgenic rat model, modestly overexpressing the full-length DISC1 transgene, showed phenotypes consistent with a significant role of DISC1 misassembly in mental illness. The tgDISC1 rat displayed mainly perinuclear DISC1 aggregates in neurons. Furthermore, the tgDISC1 rat showed a robust signature of behavioral phenotypes that includes amphetamine supersensitivity, hyperexploratory behavior and rotarod deficits, all pointing to changes in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. To understand the etiology of the behavioral deficits, we undertook a series of molecular studies in the dorsal striatum of tgDISC1 rats. We observed an 80% increase in high-affinity DA D2 receptors, an increased translocation of the dopamine transporter to the plasma membrane and a corresponding increase in DA inflow as observed by cyclic voltammetry. A reciprocal relationship between DISC1 protein assembly and DA homeostasis was corroborated by in vitro studies. Elevated cytosolic dopamine caused an increase in DISC1 multimerization, insolubility and complexing with the dopamine transporter, suggesting a physiological mechanism linking DISC1 assembly and dopamine homeostasis. DISC1 protein pathology and its interaction with dopamine homeostasis is a novel cellular mechanism that is relevant for behavioral control and may have a role in mental illness.


Asunto(s)
Dopamina/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Anfetamina , Animales , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Proteínas de Transporte de Dopamina a través de la Membrana Plasmática/genética , Homeostasis/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Neuronas/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ratas Transgénicas , Receptores de Dopamina D2/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/genética , Transmisión Sináptica
13.
Acta Psychiatr Scand ; 136(6): 623-636, 2017 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29080396

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: In adulthood, the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been subject of recent controversy. We searched for a neuroanatomical signature associated with ADHD spectrum symptoms in adults by applying, for the first time, machine learning-based pattern classification methods to structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data obtained from stimulant-naïve adults with childhood-onset ADHD and healthy controls (HC). METHOD: Sixty-seven ADHD patients and 66 HC underwent high-resolution T1-weighted and DTI acquisitions. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier with a non-linear kernel was applied on multimodal image features extracted on regions of interest placed across the whole brain. RESULTS: The discrimination between a mixed-gender ADHD subgroup and individually matched HC (n = 58 each) yielded area-under-the-curve (AUC) and diagnostic accuracy (DA) values of up to 0.71% and 66% (P = 0.003) respectively. AUC and DA values increased to 0.74% and 74% (P = 0.0001) when analyses were restricted to males (52 ADHD vs. 44 HC). CONCLUSION: Although not at the level of clinically definitive DA, the neuroanatomical signature identified herein may provide additional, objective information that could influence treatment decisions in adults with ADHD spectrum symptoms.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Máquina de Vectores de Soporte , Adulto , Imagen de Difusión Tensora/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neurobiología
14.
Pharmazie ; 72(12): 721-727, 2017 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29441956

RESUMEN

Curcumin (CUM) possesses therapeutic activity against diverse skin disorders (SD); however, its clinical use faces many challenges related to physicochemical and bioavailability characteristics, that can be solve designing a new drug delivery system for CUM to treat SD. Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLN) were developed and physicochemically analyzed. The ingredients and methods adopted in this study promoted the successful preparation of CSLN with a monodispersed particle size of 218.4-238.6 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.156-0.350. A differential scanning calorimetric assay demonstrated that CUM was incorporated. The atomic force microscopy images showed uniform spherical particles, and light scattering technique confirmed the size of the particles. The zeta potential of the CSLN was +23.1 to +30.1 mV, which is important in targeting the drug to the diseased tissue that presents unregulated apoptosis. All formulations behaved as controlled drug delivery systems of CUM, as demonstrated by an in vitro drug release study, which delayed the start of drug release from formulations. At the end of the experiment, the formulations had released 14.74-21.23% of the incorporated CUM. In conclusion, the results suggest the potential of this CSLN as a controlled CUM delivery system for the treatment of SD.


Asunto(s)
Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administración & dosificación , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Nanopartículas , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría , Cationes , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Curcumina/química , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Fármacos Dermatológicos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Lípidos/química , Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica , Tamaño de la Partícula , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico
15.
Pflugers Arch ; 468(2): 229-41, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26490459

RESUMEN

Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) may be evoked by ischemia/reperfusion, eliciting acute and chronic pain that is difficult to treat. Despite this, the underlying mechanism of CRPS1 has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the goal of this study is to evaluate the involvement of inflammation, oxidative stress, and the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, a chemosensor of inflammation and oxidative substances, in an animal model of chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP). Male Wistar rats were subjected to 3 h hind paw ischemia/reperfusion (CPIP model). Different parameters of nociception, inflammation, ischemia, and oxidative stress were evaluated at 1 (acute) and 14 (chronic) days after CPIP. The effect of a TRPA1 antagonist and the TRPA1 immunoreactivity were also observed after CPIP. In the CPIP acute phase, we observed mechanical and cold allodynia; increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (hind paw), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) (serum), protein carbonyl (hind paw and spinal cord), lactate (serum), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE, hind paw and spinal cord); and higher myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activities (hind paw). In the CPIP chronic phase, we detected mechanical and cold allodynia and increased levels of IMA (serum), protein carbonyl (hind paw and spinal cord), and 4-HNE (hind paw and spinal cord). TRPA1 antagonism reduced mechanical and cold allodynia 1 and 14 days after CPIP, but no change in TRPA1 immunoreactivity was observed. Different mechanisms underlie acute (inflammation and oxidative stress) and chronic (oxidative stress) phases of CPIP. TRPA1 activation may be relevant for CRPS1/CPIP-induced acute and chronic pain.


Asunto(s)
Dolor Agudo/metabolismo , Dolor Crónico/metabolismo , Miembro Posterior/irrigación sanguínea , Nocicepción , Distrofia Simpática Refleja/metabolismo , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/antagonistas & inhibidores , Acetilglucosaminidasa/metabolismo , Dolor Agudo/etiología , Aldehídos/metabolismo , Animales , Dolor Crónico/etiología , Frío , Hiperalgesia/etiología , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Carbonilación Proteica , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Distrofia Simpática Refleja/etiología , Daño por Reperfusión/complicaciones , Albúmina Sérica/metabolismo , Canal Catiónico TRPA1 , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre
17.
Clin Radiol ; 71(1): e79-87, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26493757

RESUMEN

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCa) is an aggressive malignancy, which often presents with advanced, inoperable disease. Early detection of any premalignant condition could improve the dismal prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma (5% 5-year survival). There are two premalignant precursors of CCa: biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPN-B). BilIN is only visible microscopically; imaging has no role in identification. IPN-B is a recent diagnostic entity, arising from a World Health Organization (WHO) reclassification of tumours. IPN-B is visible macroscopically, and can be identified on imaging. With its propensity to spread preferentially along the biliary epithelium, only infiltrating the duct wall at a late stage, it may be more amenable to complete resection than typical CCa. The lead time with early detection, during which dysplasia could progress to invasive carcinoma, is an opportunity where resection may be curative. The literature on IPN-B has originated from Asia, but awareness of this condition in the western world is limited. We report a case series of IPN-B occurring in Caucasian patients from the UK, with radiological-pathological correlation. The protean imaging appearances present a unique challenge, but also a great opportunity, for radiologists. Early identification and resection of lesions, even in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients, should be considered.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/diagnóstico , Conductos Biliares Intrahepáticos , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico , Colangiocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patología , Carcinoma Papilar/patología , Colangiocarcinoma/patología , Humanos , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología
18.
Gen Comp Endocrinol ; 230-231: 48-56, 2016 05 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26972155

RESUMEN

Fish germ cell transplantation presents several important potential applications for aquaculture, including the preservation of germplasm from endangered fish species with high genetic and commercial values. Using this technique in studies developed in our laboratory with adult male Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus), all the necessary procedures were successfully established, allowing the production of functional sperm and healthy progeny approximately 2months after allogeneic transplantation. In the present study, we evaluated the viability of the adult Nile tilapia testis to generate sperm after xenogeneic transplant of germ cells from sexually mature Jundia catfish (Rhamdia quelen) that belong to a different taxonomic order. Therefore, in order to investigate at different time-periods post-transplantation, the presence and development of donor PKH26 labeled catfish germ cells were followed in the tilapia seminiferous tubules. From 7 to 20days post-transplantation, only PKH26 labeled spermatogonia were observed, whereas spermatocytes at different stages of development were found at 70days. Germ cell transplantation success and progression of spermatogenesis were indicated by the presence of labeled PKH26 spermatids and sperm on days 90 and 120 post-transplantation, respectively. Confirming the presence of the catfish genetic material in the tilapia testis, all recipient tilapias evaluated (n=8) showed the genetic markers evaluated. Therefore, we demonstrated for the first time that the adult Nile tilapia testis offers the functional conditions for development of spermatogenesis with sperm production from a fish species belonging to a different order, which provides an important new venue for aquaculture advancement.


Asunto(s)
Bagres/metabolismo , Trasplante de Células , Xenoinjertos/citología , Espermatozoides/citología , Testículo/citología , Tilapia/metabolismo , Trasplante Heterólogo , Animales , Acuicultura/métodos , Bagres/genética , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodos , Especies en Peligro de Extinción , Xenoinjertos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Masculino , Túbulos Seminíferos/citología , Espermátides/citología , Espermátides/crecimiento & desarrollo , Espermátides/metabolismo , Espermatocitos/citología , Espermatocitos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Espermatocitos/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis , Espermatogonias/citología , Espermatogonias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Espermatogonias/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/crecimiento & desarrollo , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Testículo/fisiología , Tilapia/genética
19.
Scand J Med Sci Sports ; 26(10): 1160-70, 2016 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26589249

RESUMEN

Although the intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) intake by athletes prevents soreness, little is known concerning their role in exercise performance. This study assessed the effects of ibuprofen intake on an exhaustive protocol test after 6 weeks of swimming training in rats. Animals were divided into sedentary and training groups. After training, animals were subdivided into two subsets: saline or ibuprofen. Afterwards, three repeated swimming bouts were performed by the groups. Ibuprofen (15 mg/kg) was administered once a day. Pain measurements were performed and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were assayed in cerebral cortex and gastrocnemius muscle. Training, ibuprofen administration, or both combined (P < 0.05; 211 ± 18s, 200 ± 31s, and 279 ± 23s) increased exercise time to exhaustion. Training decreased the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (P < 0.05; 149 ± 11) in cerebral cortex. Ibuprofen intake decreased the AChE activity after exhaustive protocol test in trained and sedentary rats (P < 0.05; 270 ± 60; 171 ± 38; and 273 ± 29). It also prevented neuronal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL 1ß) increase. Fatigue elicited by this exhaustive protocol may involve disturbances of the central nervous system. Additive anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and ibuprofen intake support the hypothesis that this combination may constitute a more effective approach. In addition, ergogenic aids may be a useful means to prevent exercise-induced fatigue.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Fatiga/prevención & control , Ibuprofeno/farmacología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Resistencia Física/efectos de los fármacos , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Fatiga/metabolismo , Ibuprofeno/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor/etiología , Dolor/prevención & control , Dimensión del Dolor , Carbonilación Proteica , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Natación/fisiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
20.
J Anim Breed Genet ; 133(6): 463-475, 2016 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27501367

RESUMEN

Our objective was to evaluate changes in breeding values for carcass traits of two meat-type quail (Coturnix coturnix) strains (LF1 and LF2) to changes in the dietary (methionine + cystine):lysine ([Met + Cys]:Lys) ratio due to genotype by environment (G × E) interaction via reaction norm. A total of 7000 records of carcass weight and yield were used for analyses. During the initial phase (from hatching to day 21), five diets with increasing (Met + Cys):Lys ratios (0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76 and 0.81), containing 26.1% crude protein and 2900 kcal ME/kg, were evaluated. Analyses were performed using random regression models that included linear functions of sex (fixed effect) and breeding value (random effect) for carcass weight and yield, without and with heterogeneous residual variance adjustment. Both fixed and random effects were modelled using Legendre polynomials of second order. Genetic variance and heritability estimates were affected by both (Met + Cys):Lys ratio and strain. We observed that a G × E interaction was present, with changes in the breeding value ranking. Therefore, genetic evaluation for carcass traits should be performed under the same (Met + Cys):Lys ratio in which quails are raised.


Asunto(s)
Dieta/veterinaria , Carne , Modelos Biológicos , Codorniz/fisiología , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Peso Corporal , Cruzamiento , Cistina/metabolismo , Lisina/metabolismo , Metionina/metabolismo , Codorniz/clasificación
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