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OBJECTIVE: Examining the relationship between the plant-based dietary index and vision impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI) among Chinese aged 65 and older. METHODS: Based on the 2018 data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a cross-sectional study was conducted on 14,859 samples. The assessment of dietary quality utilized the Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI), Healthy Plant-Based Diet Index (hPDI), and Unhealthy Plant-Based Diet Index (uPDI). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between PDIs and sensory impairments. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was utilized to investigate the non-linear association between PDIs and sensory impairments. RESULTS: Participants in the highest quintile of PDI exhibited reduced prevalence of VI (OR 0.78, 95% CI:0.67-0.90, Ptrend <0.001), HI (OR 0.83, 95% CI:0.70-0.99, Ptrend <0.001) and DSI (OR 0.62, 95%CI:0.51-0.77, Ptrend <0.001) relative to those in the lowest quintile. Moreover, individuals who ranked in the highest quintile for hPDI exhibited a 25% reduced risk of VI disease. Conversely, those in the highest quintile of uPDI were associated with increased prevalence of VI (OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.61, Ptrend <0.001), HI (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.12-1.65, Ptrend <0.001) and DSI (OR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.25-1.95, Ptrend <0.001). The relationship between PDIs increasing by every 10 units and sensory impairments showed similar patterns. Notably, hPDI demonstrated a non-linear relationship with HI (Pfor nonlinearity = 0.001), while the others exhibited linear associations. CONCLUSION: The increase in PDI and hPDI correlates with a reduced prevalence of one or more sensory impairments. Conversely, an increase in uPDI is associated with an elevated prevalence of multiple sensory impairments. Our study findings emphasize the significance of plant-based food quality, advocating for adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern while reducing the intake of less healthy plant foods and animal-based products.
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BACKGROUND: Physical activity was believed to be associated with reduced aging among adults, while the competing nature of the physical activity and sedentary behavior has mainly been neglected in studies. We aimed to estimate the association of sleeping, sedentary behavior, and physical activity with aging among adults, considering the competing nature between variables of activity status. METHODS: A total of 5288 participants who were 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were involved. The questionnaire was used to collect data regarding sociodemographics (age, sex, ethnicity/race, and education), and lifestyle behaviors (smoking, drinking). The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure self-reported time for sedentary behavior, walking/bicycling, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The sleeping duration was obtained via interview. Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) was calculated as an aging index using nine chemistry biomarkers. Isotemporal substitution models using multivariable linear regression to examine the associations of sleeping, sedentary behavior, and physical activity with PhenoAgeAccel, stratified by MVPA (< 150 min/week, ≥ 150 min/week). RESULTS: Thirty minutes per day spent on sedentary behavior was positively associated with PhenoAgeAccel (ß = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.11), and 30 min/day spent on leisure-time MVPA was adversely associated with PhenoAgeAccel (ß = - 0.55, 95% CI: - 0.73, - 0.38). Replacing 30 min/day sedentary behaviors with 30 min/day of MVPA (ß = -3.98, 95% CI: -6.22, -1.74) or 30 min/day of walking/bicycling (ß = -0.89, 95% CI: -1.10, -0.68) was adversely associated with PhenoAgeAccel. Substituting 30 min/day of walking/bicycling for 30 min/day of leisure-time MVPA was positively associated with PhenoAgeAccel (ß = 3.09, 95% CI: 0.93, 5.25). CONCLUSION: Sedentary behavior was positively associated with aging. Replacing sedentary behaviors with walking/bicycling or MVPA was adversely associated with aging among adults.
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Ejercicio Físico , Caminata , Humanos , Encuestas Nutricionales , Estudios Transversales , Sueño , AcelerometríaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that meal timing may influence dietary choices and mental health. Thus, this study examined the association between macronutrient consumption quality, food source, meal timing, and depression prevalence in Americans. METHODS: 23,313 National Health and Nutrition Survey participants from 2007 to 2016 were included in this cross-sectional study. Macronutrient intake was calculated for all day, dinner, and breakfast and subtypes into 4 classes. Based on the Patient Health Questionnaire, depression was defined as a 9-item score ≥ 10 on the PHQ-9. The correlation between macronutrients and depression prevalence was estimated with multivariable logistic regression models and isocaloric substitution effects. RESULTS: Low-quality carbohydrates (OR = 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.11, 2.12) were positively linked to depression compared with the lowest quartile, after adjusting for age and other covariates. In contrast, total high-quality carbohydrate (OR = 0.52, 95 % CI: 0.40, 0.66), total animal protein (OR = 0.60, 95 % CI: 0.45, 0.80), and total vegetable protein (OR = 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.43, 0.85) were negatively associated with depression was negatively associated. Replacing low-quality carbohydrates with high-quality carbohydrates throughout the day reduced the risk of depression by approximately 15 %. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional data. CONCLUSION: All in all, diet plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of depression. Especially in terms of macronutrient intake, high-quality, moderate intake can reduce the risk of depression. However, different subtypes of macronutrient consumption may have different effects on depression, so it becomes crucial to carefully consider the selection and combination of macronutrients.
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Depresión , Ingestión de Energía , Adulto , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Grasas de la Dieta , Proteínas en la Dieta , Nutrientes , Dieta , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Calidad de los AlimentosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The magnesium depletion score (MDS) is considered more reliable than traditional approaches for predicting magnesium deficiency in humans. We explored the associations of MDS and dietary magnesium intake with diabetes. METHODS: We obtained data from 18,853 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. Using multivariate regression and stratified analysis, we investigated the relationships of both MDS and magnesium intake with diabetes. To compute prevalence ratios (PRs), we employed modified Poisson or log-binomial regression. We characterized the non-linear association between magnesium intake and diabetes using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS: Participants with MDS ≥2 exhibited a PR of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.34) for diabetes. Per-standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association between MDS ≥2 and diabetes across all levels of dietary magnesium intake, including the lowest (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.55), middle (PR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.35), and highest tertiles (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.37; pinteraction<0.001). Per-SD increase in magnesium intake was associated with lower diabetes prevalence in participants with MDS <2 (PR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98) and those with MDS ≥2 (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98; pinteraction=0.030). CONCLUSIONS: MDS is associated with diabetes, particularly among individuals with low magnesium intake. Adequate dietary magnesium intake may reduce diabetes risk, especially in those with high MDS.