IgE-Mediated Sensitization to Galactose-α-1,3- Galactose (α-Gal) in Urticaria and Anaphylaxis in Spain: Geographical Variations and Risk Factors.

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of sIgE to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) in individuals with acute urticaria or anaphylaxis from different geographical areas of Spain and to evaluate the relevance of demographics and lifestyle as risk factors for this immune response. METHODS: Participants were recruited from allergy departments at 14 Spanish hospitals. Patients aged 18 years or older presenting with urticaria or anaphylaxis were enrolled into one of 2 arms: cases and controls. An interviewer-administered questionnaire collecting demographic data, lifestyle habits, and the presence of cofactors was obtained from each participant. sIgE to α-gal and total IgE were determined using ImmunoCAP. sIgE levels ≥0.35 kU/L were considered a positive result. RESULTS: The study population comprised 160 cases and 126 controls. The median age was 44 years. The overall prevalence of a positive result of sIgE to α-gal was 15.7%; this was higher in cases (26.3%) than in controls (2.4%). The sIgE anti-α-gal positivity rate ranged from 37.68% (rural) to 15.38% (semiurban), and 7.85% (urban). The rates of positivity were 46.32%, (Northern), 0.72% (Center), and 0% (Mediterranean). A positive result for sIgE to α-gal was associated with a history of tick bites, participation in outdoor activities, pet ownership, and ingestion of mammalian meats or innards before the onset of symptoms. Only alcohol consumption could be implicated as a cofactor. CONCLUSION: Sensitization to α-gal in patients with urticaria or anaphylaxis differs considerably between the 3 geographical areas studied and is related to tick bites.

Effect of Relaxin on Fertility Parameters of Frozen-Thawed Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Sperm.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of relaxin on fertility parameters of buffalo frozen/thawed sperm. Sperm were incubated in the absence of capacitating agents (negative control), with a known capacitating agent such as heparin (positive control) and with 50 and 100 ng/ml relaxin for 2 and 4 h. Sperm viability, motility, capacitation and the effect of relaxin on the fertilizing ability after heterologous IVF were evaluated. Although viability was not affected, relaxin increased (p < 0.05) sperm motility compared to the negative and positive controls both after 2 h (60.0 ± 2.0, 60.0 ± 3.1, 68.3 ± 1.7 and 69.4 ± 2.7, respectively, in negative control, positive control, 50 and 100 ng/ml relaxin) and 4 h (55.0 ± 2.5, 53.3 ± 3.0, 62.2 ± 3.0 and 65.0 ± 3.2, respectively, in negative control, positive control, 50 and 100 ng/ml relaxin) incubation. When sperm were incubated with both 100 ng/ml relaxin and heparin, a decrease (p < 0.01) of pattern A, that is low capacitation level, was observed compared to the negative control both after 2 h (54.4, 34.3 and 36.4%, respectively, in negative control, positive control and 100 ng/ml relaxin) and 4 h (51.9, 35.0 and 34.3%, respectively, in negative control, positive control and 100 ng/ml relaxin). Moreover, an increase (p < 0.01) of pattern EA, that is high capacitation level, was recorded with 100 ng/ml relaxin and heparin compared to the negative control both after 2 h (44.1, 59.3 and 57.7%, respectively, in negative control, positive control and 100 ng/ml relaxin) and after 4 h (43.0, 54.4 and 56.0%, respectively, in negative control, positive control and 100 ng/ml relaxin). Finally, relaxin increased (p < 0.01) cleavage rate compared to the negative control (57.1 ± 4.4, 72.5 ± 6.0, 71.4 ± 5.5 and 73.6 ± 2.9, respectively, in negative control, positive control, 50 and 100 ng/ml relaxin). In conclusion, relaxin has a beneficial effect on motility, capacitation and fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed buffalo sperm.

Interrelationship between milk constituents, serum oestradiol and vaginal mucus indicators of oestrus in Egyptian buffaloes.

The intensity of heat signs in buffaloes is generally low and the incidence of suboestrus varied from 15 to 73% (Buffalopedia). The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of monitoring the changes in some milk constituents, oestradiol levels and electrical conductivity of vaginal mucus during peri-oestrous period in prediction of the timing of oestrus in buffaloes. Twenty-one Egyptian buffaloes aged 3-9 year, 1st-6th lactations, were examined by oestrous detector and ultrasonographically for monitoring the ovarian and uterine activity for 7 days around the time of standing oestrus. Sodium, potassium, chloride and lactose were assayed in aqueous phase of milk; besides, oestradiol was estimated in serum. Current results declared highly significant acute changes in milk constituents at the time of oestrus characterized by peaking of chloride and sodium levels and lowering of potassium and lactose values. The alternation in milk composition when arranged in decreasing order of magnitude, sodium was the highest (77.78 ± 0.69%), followed by chloride (61.60 ± 1.52%) and potassium (-58.14 ± 10.89%). Concomitantly, milk lactose decreased by 26.07 ± 7.97% compared to baseline levels. Synchronously, vaginal electrical resistance (VER) showed a significant (p < 0.01) decrease, but serum oestradiol 17ß levels surged (59.93 ± 7.29 pg/ml) on day of oestrus. Serum oestradiol level was negatively correlated with VER (r = -0.577), potassium (r = -0.661), positively correlated with chloride (r = 0.707) and sodium (r = 0.579) and not correlated with lactose levels. These results for the first time suggested that the changes in constituents of milk during peri-oestrous period may be used as a practical non-invasive indicator for oestrous detection and prediction of ovulation in Egyptian buffaloes.

Origin of the low-energy emission band in epitaxially grown para-sexiphenyl nanocrystallites.

A comparative study of steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence of para-sexiphenyl (PSP) films grown by organic molecular beam epitaxy (OMBE) and hot wall epitaxy (HWE) under comparable conditions is presented. Using different template substrates [mica(001) and KCl(001) surfaces] as well as different OMBE growth conditions has enabled us to vary greatly the morphology of the PSP crystallites while keeping their chemical structure virtually untouched. We prove that the broad redshifted emission band has a structure-related origin rather than being due to monomolecular oxidative defects. We conclude that the growth conditions and type of template substrate impacts substantially on the film morphology (measured by atomic force microscopy) and emission properties of the PSP films. The relative intensity of the defect emission band observed in the delayed spectra was found to correlate with the structural quality of PSP crystallites. In particular, the defect emission has been found to be drastically suppressed when (i) a KCl template substrate was used instead of mica in HWE-grown films, and (ii) in the OMBE-grown films dominated by growth mounds composed of upright standing molecules as opposed to the films consisting of crystallites formed by molecules lying parallel to the substrate.

Combinación de técnicas quirúrgicas en la hernia gigante de Amyand irreductible

Las hernias gigantes de Amyand son hernias inguinales excepcionales por extenderse por debajo de la mitad del muslo en posición de pie y contener al apéndice cecal. Presentamos un paciente portador de una hernia gigante de Amyand irreductible, al cual se le realiza una reparación quirúrgicas, mediante una combinada de técnicas para su resolución. El tratamiento de las hernias inguinales gigantes es todo un desafío, debido a la distorsión anatomía existente, y por la pérdida de derecho a domicilio de los órganos que puede llegar a ocasionar. Consideramos que la combinación de las técnicas de Bassini y Lichtennstein asociado a las maniobras de Ombrédanne y de Camay es una estrategia adecuada para reparar exitosamente las hernias inguinales gigantes grado I. La apendicectomía en la hernia de Amyand tipo I es una alternativa de tratamiento cuando existe riesgo de apendicitis aguda.

Giant Amyand hernias are exceptional inguinal hernias because they extend below the middle of the thigh in the standing position and contain the cecal appendix. We present a patient with an irreducible giant Amyand hernia, who underwent surgical repair, using a combination of techniques for its resolution. The treatment of giant inguinal hernias is quite a challenge, due to the existing anatomical distortion, and the loss of the right to domicile of the organs that it can cause. We consider that the combination of the Bassini and Lichtenstein techniques associated with the Ombrédanne and Camay maneuvers is an appropriate strategy to successfully repair grade I giant inguinal hernias. Appendectomy in Amyand type I hernia is a treatment alternative when a risk of acute appendicitis exists.

Bone marrow trephine biopsy involvement by lymphoma: pattern of involvement and concordance with flow cytometry, in 10 years from a single institution.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the features of bone marrow (BM) biopsy involvement by lymphoma, pattern of infiltration, morphological analysis and flow cytometry were reviewed at all lymphoma patients over a period of 10 years. METHODS/PATIENTS: 413 cases were included in the study if BM biopsy slides were available. Only 356 patients had both BM trephine biopsy and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The most frequent subtype was diffuse large B cell (31.2%), followed by follicular lymphoma (18.9%). The predominant pattern was mixed (nodular-interstitial) (9.2%). Morphological marrow infiltration was found in 138 cases, and flow cytometry identified 117 cases with BM involvement. A concordance between the two methods was detected in 305 cases (85.7%). There was discordance in 51 cases (14.3%): morphology positive/FC negative in 33 cases and morphology negative/FC positive in 18. CONCLUSIONS: Flow cytometry is slightly more useful in detecting involvement when the BM is affected, but this finding is not conclusive.

Effects of cysteamine during in vitro maturation on viability and meiotic competence of vitrified buffalo oocytes.

The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of cysteamine as an anti-oxidant on the rate of in vitro maturation (IVM) of buffalo oocytes (experiment 1), and their viability and nuclear status following vitrification (experiment 2). Immature oocytes with compact cumulus cells obtained from the ovaries of slaughtered animals were harvested and then cultured in the maturation medium with no cysteamine (control) or 50 µM cysteamine (treated). Oocytes were vitrified in vitrification solution 1 (VS1): 1.5 M ethylene glycol (EG) + 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 45 s (step one). After this initial exposure, oocytes were transferred to VS2: 3 M EG + 3 M DMSO in a holding medium for 25 s (step two). After warming, oocytes were evaluated morphologically and then cultured for a further 2 h in the cysteamine-supplemented or control maturation media. The oocytes were evaluated morphologically, stained with trypan blue for viability evaluation. The maturation rate of oocytes was higher (P<0.05) for IVM media with cysteamine compared with controls. There was no significant difference in morphology, survivability and maturation rate between the two vitrification groups (cysteamine-treated and untreated groups) but the morphology, survivability and percentages of metaphase-II oocytes in both groups of vitrified oocytes were lower compared with their respective controls. In conclusion, the addition of cysteamine to the maturation medium improved nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes but had no positive effect on their cryoresistance during vitrification.

Recomendaciones sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca en población pediátrica colombiana - Posición de expertos / Expert recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk protein allergy in the Colombian pediatric population

Resumen Objetivo: generar recomendaciones sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca (APLV), que sirvan de referencia y consulta para los médicos pediatras y de cuidado primario. Materiales y métodos: el presente documento de posición de expertos fue desarrollado por un grupo de médicos, especialistas en diferentes áreas terapéuticas y con experiencia en APLV. Se definieron los temas más relevantes y se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica disponible, a fin de elaborar una propuesta de recomendaciones que fue discutida por los autores. Resultados: se elaboró un documento de posición que propone un enfoque práctico sobre la definición, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la APLV en el paciente pediátrico. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico temprano y el manejo adecuado de la APLV pueden contribuir a una disminución de la carga de esta enfermedad y sus complicaciones.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this paper is to develop and present recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) which can serve as a reference for pediatric and primary care physicians to consult. Materials and methods: This expert position document was developed by a group of doctors who are specialists in several therapeutic areas who have experience in CMPA. The most relevant topics were defined and a review of the available scientific literature was carried out to prepare a proposal for recommendations that was then discussed by the authors. Results: A position paper was developed that proposes a practical approach to definition, diagnosis and treatment of CMPA in pediatric patients. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and proper management of CMPA can help decrease the burden of this disease and its complications.

Developmental study of immunocompetent cells in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) from Wistar rats.

The aim of the present report was to study in growing Wistar rats the development of immunocompetent cells in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). We found at day 4 postpartum, a high number of TCRgamma/delta+ T cells and very few CD8alpha+, CD8beta+, CD5+, TCRalpha/beta+ T cells in BALT. The latter cells and CD4+ T cells increase with age. Even though T cells expressing TCRgamma/delta outnumber those expressing TCRalpha/beta early in development, until 45 days of age, alpha/beta+ predominate over gamma/delta+ T cells only in adult rats (60 days of age). Moreover, a predominance of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells over T-helper cells was found in 60 days old rats. Surprisingly, more CD8alpha+ than CD8beta+ T cells in BALT are observed. The number of IgA+ B and CD4+ T cells found in the BALT increases with age. The early appearance - 4 days of age - of all T-cell phenotypes in BALT especially of gamma/delta+ T cells may imply a benefit to respond to inhaled antigen soon after birth.

Intrathecal synthesis of anti-sulfatide IgG is associated with peripheral nerve disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Peripheral nervous system involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can take the form of an acute or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, polyradiculopathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, or autonomic neuropathy. There is no widely held consensus on the etiology of PNS or other neurological complications associated with HIV infection. We report here that PNS disease in HIV-infected individuals is associated with intrathecal synthesis of an antibody directed against sulfatide, a major component of myelin. The anti-sulfatide antibody is also present nonspecifically in serum. The antibody requires the presence of the 3-O-sulfogalactosyl residue for binding and recognizes preferentially the hydroxy fatty acid-containing form of sulfatide. Anti-sulfatide antibodies are therefore one of the humoral factors responsible for demyelinating diseases in AIDS patients.

Restricted pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis.

Some patients with cystic fibrosis have reduced pulmonary volumes, indicating a restrictive pattern of pulmonary disease. We identified ten patients with pulmonary functional evidence of restriction among 158 patients with cystic fibrosis followed at the University of California San Diego Medical Center in 1984 and 1985. We characterized the radiographic, pulmonary functional, and clinical characteristics of these restricted patients compared to matched nonrestricted patients. Pulmonary volumes were measured by three different techniques: plethysmography; nitrogen washout; and radiography. Except for plethysmographic pulmonary volumes, there were no significant differences between the matched restricted and nonrestricted patients. Radiographic pulmonary volume tended to overestimate gas volume measured by the other techniques. Differences among these techniques (thought to represent air-space filling) correlated best with radiographic evidence of air trapping and bronchial markings and not with parenchymal lesions. Serial pulmonary function tests demonstrated changes in pulmonary volume in several patients and a trend toward improvement in pulmonary volume in the restricted patients over time. We conclude that restricted pulmonary function does not necessarily indicate more severe disease in patients with cystic fibrosis and may be reversible in some. The mechanism of restriction may be related more to radiographic evidence of airway disease than to parenchymal abnormalities.

Reaction of dibenzalacetone with hydroxylamine hydrochloride under phase-transfer conditions. 1 H and 13 C 2D NMR structural elucidation of the products.

The constitution, configuration and conformation of three N-hydroxydiphenylpiperidines were established by 1 H and 13 C 2D NMR spectroscopy. The products were obtained using phase-transfer conditions.

[Effect of Mn2+ and Mg2+ ions on DNA conformation]. / Issledovanie vliianiia ionov Mn2+ i Mg2+ na konformatsiiu molekuly DNK.

The DNA conformation was studied at different relation between Na+ and Me2+ (Mn2+ or Mg2+) ions in solution at the fixed total ionic strength mu. At low mu the intrinsic viscosity of DNA [eta] decreased to the limited fixed value with the increasing of Mn2+ or Mg2+ concentration (CMe2+). At higher mu greater than or equal to 0.1 M [eta] doesn't depend on CMe2+. The presence of Mn2+ in solution caused a decrease of the optical anisotropy of DNA and the value of epsilon 260 (p) independent on ionic strengths. In contrary, these parameters of DNA didn't change in solution with Mg2+-concentration. The observed differences in the effects of Mn2+ and Mg2+ on the optical properties of the macromolecule suggest that there are different modes of binding of these ions to DNA. It has been concluded, that Mn2+ interacts with bases and phosphate groups of DNA, but Mg2+--only with phosphates. The persistence length of DNA doesn't depend on Me2+ concentration under the conditions of the experiment (mu greater than or equal to 0.005 M).

Effect of RN-301 immunomodulator on bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in protein depleted rats at weaning.

It has been previously demonstrated in Wistar rats that severe protein deprivation at weaning, even after refeeding with a 20% casein diet for 21 days, provokes alterations in IgA+ B cell and T cell populations from gut and GALT (gut associated lymphoid tissue) that are reverted by immunomodulator IM-104. In the present report, we investigate the influence of RN-301 (quite similar to IM-104) given by the oral or subcutaneous route during the protein deprivation period, in the seeding of BALT with IgA+ B and CD5+ T cells. The immunomodulator RN-301 contains LPS from E. coli and membrane and ribosomal fractions of P. acne. Tissue sections of the lower respiratory tract were studied by immunohistochemistry. The immunomodulator RN-301 administered by the oral route favours the significant increase in the seeding of the BALT lamina propria with IgA+ B and CD5+ T cells (p < 0.001). However, the RN-301 given by the subcutaneous route does not favour the repopulation of the BALT lamina propria. The ribosomal fractions from P. acne associated with LPS from E. coli contained in the immunomodulator RN-301 administered by the oral route may rescue the small resting lymphocytes in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). This event favours their proliferation and migration to the BALT.

Motionless system to measure relative angular emission intensity of decaying or modulated light emitting diodes.

In this paper, a measurement system is presented which enables fast and accurate determination of the relative angular emission intensity of light emitting devices, taking into account their specific features such as low light output, narrow spectral distribution, high spatial luminous intensity ratios, and small dimensions. Application of logarithmic sensors allows for fast measurement of relative emission by simple analog circuitry, while locating 18 of them on a fixed ring around the emitter allows a motionless measurement system. As a result, the proposed system can determine the relative angular emission in less than 100 ms with a resolution of 5° for symmetric emitters.

IgE-mediated sensitization to galactose-alfa-1.3-galactose (alfa-Gal) in urticaria and anaphylaxis in Spain: geographical variations and risk factors

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of sIgE to galactose-alfa-1,3-galactose (alfa-gal) in individuals with acute urticaria or anaphylaxis from different geographical areas of Spain and to evaluate the relevance of demographics and lifestyle as risk factors for this immune response. METHODS: Participants were recruited from allergy departments at 14 Spanish hospitals. Patients aged 18 years or older presenting with urticaria or anaphylaxis were enrolled into one of 2 arms: cases and controls. An interviewer-administered questionnaire collecting demographic data, lifestyle habits, and the presence of cofactors was obtained from each participant. sIgE to alfa-gal and total IgE were determined using ImmunoCAP. sIgE levels ≥0.35 kU/L were considered a positive result. RESULTS: The study population comprised 160 cases and 126 controls. The median age was 44 years. The overall prevalence of a positive result of sIgE to alfa-gal was 15.7%; this was higher in cases (26.3%) than in controls (2.4%). The sIgE anti-alfa-gal positivity rate ranged from 37.68% (rural) to 15.38% (semiurban), and 7.85% (urban). The rates of positivity were 46.32%, (Northern), 0.72% (Center), and 0% (Mediterranean). A positive result for sIgE to alfa-gal was associated with a history of tick bites, participation in outdoor activities, pet ownership, and ingestion of mammalian meats or innards before the onset of symptoms. Only alcohol consumption could be implicated as a cofactor. CONCLUSION: Sensitization to alfa-gal in patients with urticaria or anaphylaxis differs considerably between the 3 geographical areas studied and is related to tick bites

ANTECEDENTES: Investigar la prevalencia de IgE específica a galactosa-alfa-1,3-galactosa (alfa-gal) en sujetos con urticaria aguda o anafilaxia de diferentes zonas geográficas de España y evaluar la relevancia de factores demográficos y de estilo de vida como factores de riesgo para esta respuesta inmunológica. MÉTODOS: Pacientes de 18 años o mayores con urticaria o anafilaxia fueron reclutados en los Departamentos de Alergia de 14 hospitales españoles e incluidos en uno de dos grupos; casos o controles. Se recogieron datos demográficos, de estilo de vida y la presencia de cofactores. La IgE total e IgE especifica a alfa-gal se determinaron mediante ImmunoCAP. Niveles de IgE específica ≥0,35 kU/L fueron considerados como positivos. RESULTADOS: Se reclutaron 160 casos y 126 controles. La mediana de edad fue 44 años. La prevalencia global de positividad de IgE específica a alfa-gal fue 15,7%; siendo mayor en casos (26,3%) que en controles (2,4%) y oscilando entre 37,68% (rural) a 15,38% (semiurbano) y 7,85% (urbano). Las frecuencias de positividad fueron 46,32%, (Norte), 0,72% (Centro), y 0% (Mediterráneo). La positividad de IgE específica a alfa-gal se asoció a haber experimentado picadura de garrapata, participación en actividades de exterior, tenencia de mascotas e ingestion de carne de mamíferos o visceras previo al inicio de los síntomas. Solo el consumo de alcohol podía ser implicado como cofactor. CONCLUSIÓN: La sensibilización a alfa-gal en pacientes con urticaria o anafilaxia difiere considerablemente entre las tres zonas estudiadas y está relacionada con picadura de garrapata

Simulación Mediante Elemento Finito de Sistemas Intramedulares Telescópicos para Rehabilitación de Pacientes con Osteogénesis Imperfecta / Simulation by Finite Element Method of Intramedullary Telescopic Systems for Rehabilitation of Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Resumen En el trabajo se plantea el análisis de diferentes geometrías para un dispositivo intramedular, las cuales ayudan a reducir y evitar la migración, deformación y rotura del implante en tejido óseo afectado con Osteogénesis Imperfecta (OI). Se realizaron diseños en CAD de diferentes prototipos, donde se analizan las propiedades mecánicas en el alma del dispositivo, así como en las roscas distal y proximal de los implantes macho y hembra. Asimismo, se obtuvieron modelos 3D de huesos de un infante afectado con OI para realizar simulaciones mediante elemento finito de la interacción entre el hueso y el dispositivo intramedular. Los resultados muestran que los prototipos propuestos disminuyen la deformación del dispositivo, así como el aumento en la rigidez de la relación hueso-prótesis. Asimismo, las roscas generaron un menor esfuerzo en la unión con el hueso, lo que prevé un menor daño al tejido óseo. El trabajo se limitó al análisis numérico del rediseño de implantes telescópicos intramedulares para afectados con OI. Concluyendo que la geometría semicircular 3/4 de caña, otorga un óptimo resultado en las pruebas realizadas, al tiempo que las roscas ACME proveen una mejor sujeción en las epífisis distal y proximal de los huesos largos.

Abstract In this work we propose the analysis of different geometries for an intramedullary device, which help to reduce and avoid the migration, deformation and rupture of the implant in bone tissue affected with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). Designs of different prototypes were made in CAD, where the mechanical properties in the device's soul are analyzed, as well as in the distal and proximal threads of the male and female implants. Likewise, 3D bone models of an affected infant with OI were obtained to perform finite element simulations of the interaction between the bone and the intramedullary device. The results show that the prototypes proposed decrease the strain of the device, as well as the increase in the stiffnes of the bone-prosthesis relationship. Also, the threads generated less stress in the union with the bone, which provides less damage to the bone tissue. The work was limited to the numerical analysis of the redesign of intramedullary telescopic implants for patients with OI. Concluding that the semicircular geometry 3/4 of cane, gives an optimal result in the tests carried out, while the ACME threads provide a better subjection in the distal and proximal epiphyses of the long bones.

Air pollutant characterization in Tula industrial corridor, Central Mexico, during the MILAGRO study.

Pollutant emissions and their contribution to local and regional air quality at the industrial area of Tula were studied during a four-week period as part of the MILAGRO initiative. A recurrent shallow stable layer was observed in the morning favoring air pollutants accumulation in the lower 100 m atmospheric layer. In the afternoon the mixing layer height reached 3000 m, along with a featuring low level jet which was responsible of transporting air pollutants at regional scales. Average PM10 at Jasso (JAS) and Tepeji (TEP) was 75.1 and 36.8 µ g/m(3), respectively while average PM2.5 was 31.0 and 25.7 µ g/m(3). JAS was highly impacted by local limestone dust, while TEP was a receptor of major sources of combustion emissions with 70% of the PM10 constituted by PM2.5. Average hourly aerosol light absorption was 22 Mm(-1), while aerosol scattering (76 Mm(-1)) was higher compared to a rural site but much lower than at Mexico City. δ(13)C values in the epiphyte Tillandsia recurvata show that the emission plume directly affects the SW sector of Mezquital Valley and is then constrained by a mountain range preventing its dispersion. Air pollutants may exacerbate acute and chronic adverse health effects in this region.

Loss of TCR-beta F1 and/or EZRIN expression is associated with unfavorable prognosis in nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas.

Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma (nodal PTCL) has an unfavorable prognosis, and specific pathogenic alterations have not been fully identified. The biological and clinical relevance of the expression of CD30/T-cell receptor (TCR) genes is a topic under active investigation. One-hundred and ninety-three consecutive nodal PTCLs (89 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITL) and 104 PTCL-unspecified (PTCL-not otherwise specified (NOS)) cases) were analyzed for the immunohistochemical expression of 19 molecules, involving TCR/CD30 pathways and the associations with standard prognostic indices. Mutually exclusive expression was found between CD3 and TCR-beta F1 with CD30 expression. Taking all PTCL cases together, logistic regression identified a biological score (BS) including TCR molecules (TCR-beta F1 and EZRIN) that separates two subgroups of patients with a median survival of 34.57 and 5.20 months (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified BS and the prognostic index for PTCL (PIT) score as independent prognostic factors. This BS maintained its significance in multivariate analysis only for the PTCL-NOS subgroup of tumors. In AITL cases, only a high level of ki67 expression was related to prognosis. A BS including molecules involved in the TCR signaling pathway proved to be an independent prognostic factor of poor outcome in a multivariate analysis, specifically in PTCL-NOS patients. Nevertheless, validation in an independent series of homogeneously treated PTCL patients is required to confirm these data.