Outcomes after intensive chemotherapy for secondary and myeloid-related changes acute myeloid leukemia patients aged 60 to 75 years old: a retrospective analysis from the PETHEMA registry.

Treatment options for patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) and AML with myeloid-related changes (AMLMRC) aged 60 to 75 years are scarce and unsuitable. A pivotal trial showed that CPX-351 improved complete remission with/without incomplete recovery (CR/CRi) and overall survival (OS) as compared with standard "3+7" regimens. We retrospectively analyze outcomes of 765 patients with sAML and AML-MRC aged 60 to 75 years treated with intensive chemotherapy, reported to the PETHEMA registry before CPX-351 became available. The CR/CRi rate was 48%, median OS was 7.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7-8.5) and event-free survival (EFS) 2.7 months (95% CI: 2-3.3), without differences between intensive chemotherapy regimens and AML type. Multivariate analyses identified age ≥70 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥1 as independent adverse prognostic factors for CR/CRi and OS, while favorable/intermediate cytogenetic risk and NPM1 were favorable prognostic factors. Patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplant (HSCT), autologous HSCT, and those who completed more consolidation cycles showed improved OS. This large study suggests that classical intensive chemotherapy could lead to similar CR/CRi rates with slightly shorter median OS than CPX-351.

Impact of Treatment Prior to Allogeneic Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Results of the Latin American Bone Marrow Transplant Registry.

It has been suggested that bridging therapy with intensive chemotherapy and/or hypomethylating agents followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be valuable in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the influence of this approach on HSCT outcomes remains poorly defined. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the influence of treatment before HSCT in patients with MDS. We retrospectively analyzed data from the Latin American registry of 258 patients from 17 Latin American centers who underwent HSCT from 1988 to 2019. Our data showed that there was pre-HSCT. We detected no significant difference regarding the impact on overall survival of treated and untreated patients before HSCT. Despite these data, the type of previous treatment among treated patients showed a significant difference in overall survival. Treatment with hypomethylating agents together with pre-HSCT chemotherapy seems to result in better survival of the studied population. These data correspond to the first results obtained through cooperative work between various centers in Latin America comparing the different approaches to patients and reflecting their reality and challenges. Therefore, the selection of pretransplant bridge therapy should be analyzed and focus given primarily to those approaches that result in better survival of patients with MDS.

[Cytarabine and skin reactions in acute myeloid leukemia]. / Citarabina y reacciones cutáneas en leucemia aguda mieloide.

Cytarabine is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It has many adverse effects as: myelosuppression, toxic reactions involving central nervous system, liver, gastrointestinal tract, eyes or skin. Dermatologic toxicity is often described as rare; nevertheless there are differences in the reported frequency. We performed a retrospective study including all AML treated with chemotherapy that involved cytarabine between 1st July of 2006 and 1st July of 2012; 46 patients were included with a median age of 55 years. The overall incidence of skin reactions was 39% (n = 18). Sex, age, history of atopy, history of drug reactions, or dose of cytarabine used, were not associated with them. Skin reactions were observed from 2 to 8 days after treatment started. Considering injury degree: 27.8% had grade 1, 38.9% grade 2 and 33.3% grade 3. We did not find any injury grade 4 or death associated with skin toxicity. As for the type of injury: 55.6% presented macules, 22.2% papules and 22.2% erythema. Lesions distribution was diffuse in 52% of patients, acral in 39.3%, and at flexural level in 8.7%. Adverse cutaneous reactions secondary to the administration of cytarabine are frequent in our service and include some cases with severe involvement. Although these reactions usually resolve spontaneously, they determine an increased risk of infection and a compromise of the patient quality of life.

Emergence of BCR-ABL1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in a JAK2-V617F Polycythemia Vera.

Emergence of a new chronic myeloid neoplasm in the setting of a previous one, or their concomitant appearance seems to be a rare event, but plenty of cases have been reported. We describe the case of a patient with JAK2-V617F polycythemia vera, which looses JAK2 clone and develops overt BCR-ABL1 chronic myeloid leukemia after 6 years. Once treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors controls BCR-ABL1 clone, JAK2 clone arises again. In this report, we review the literature and discuss the clonal relationship of this event in light of the new molecular data.

Compliance with the 2009 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists guidelines for venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis in pregnancy and postpartum period in Uruguay.

: Venous thromboembolism remains as one of the leading causes of maternal death. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in the obstetric population is challenging as recommendations for prophylaxis have low grade of evidence. Risk factors and prophylaxis guidelines have been highlighted by Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. In 2014, we developed a written alert following this guidelines to guide thromboprophylaxis. The aim of this study is to assess recommendations compliance. This study was conducted at University-Hospital in Uruguay from January 2014 to December 2016. A total of 1035 women were enrolled and stratified in high, intermediate or low risk based on Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists guidelines. Thromboprophylaxis was recommended for women at intermediate and high risk. Women were followed up to assess symptomatic thromboembolism or haemorrhagic complications. A total of 309 were pregnant and 731 puerperal. Median age was 24 (19-29) years old. Of them, 3.0% (n = 31) were at high risk and 35.4% (n = 366) at intermediate risk. All high-risk women received prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin. Of the 366 intermediate-risk women, 52.7% received prophylaxis. Venous thromboembolism was developed in only one woman of the intermediate group, who had received prophylaxis. Bleeding complications were not observed. Awareness of the thrombotic risk, as conferred by an easy and suitable risk assessment, has the potential to improve venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in pregnant and puerperal women. We have a good guidelines compliance with the written alert in the high-risk women group. However, we have to improve low-molecular-weight heparin indication in intermediate-risk group, especially in postcaesarean women.

Síndrome antifosfolipídico obstétrico / Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome / Síndrome antifosfolípide obstétrica

Resumen: El síndrome antifosfolipídico obstétrico puede ser causa de importante morbilidad materno-fetal. Los criterios diagnósticos se definen en 1999 (criterios de Sapporo) que son revisados en 2006 (Sydney), basados en criterios clínicos y de laboratorio. En el 2006 la sociedad internacional de hemostasis y trombosis propone los criterios que definen las morbilidades del embarazo vinculadas al mismo (pérdida fetal tardía, pérdida recurrente del embarazo, parto pretérmino, enfermedad tromboembólica). El objetivo terapéutico es prevenir complicaciones materno-fetal (trombosis maternas y prevenir complicaciones obstétricas). El tratamiento siempre debe ser individualizado según cada caso particular. Se realiza una revisión sobre las distintas situaciones posibles, finalizando con recomendaciones para el mismo.

Abstract: Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome can be the cause of significant maternal-fetal morbidity. Diagnostic criteria are defined in 1999 (Sapporo criteria) which are revised in 2006 (Sydney), based on clinical and laboratory criteria. In 2006, the International Society of Haemostasis and Thrombosis proposed the criteria that define the morbidities of pregnancy related to it (late fetal loss, recurrent pregnancy loss, preterm delivery, thromboembolic disease). The therapeutic objective is to prevent maternal-fetal complications (maternal thrombosis and prevent obstetric complications). Treatment must always be individualized according to each particular case. A review is carried out on the different possible situations, ending with recommendations for the same.

Resumo: A síndrome antifosfolipídica obstétrica pode ser a causa de morbidade materno-fetal significativa. Os critérios diagnósticos são definidos em 1999 (critérios de Sapporo) que são revisados em 2006 (Sydney), com base em critérios clínicos e laboratoriais. Em 2006, a Sociedade Internacional de Hemostasia e Trombose propôs os critérios que definem as morbidades da gravidez a ela relacionadas (perda fetal tardia, perda recorrente da gravidez, parto prematuro, doença tromboembólica). O objetivo terapêutico é prevenir complicações materno-fetais (trombose materna e prevenir complicações obstétricas). O tratamento deve ser sempre individualizado de acordo com cada caso particular. É feita uma revisão sobre as diferentes situações possíveis, terminando com recomendações para o mesmo.

Results of high-risk neutropenia therapy of hematology-oncology patients in a university hospital in Uruguay.

BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy. The management of febrile neutropenia is typically algorithm-driven. The aim of this study was to assess the results of a standardized protocol for the treatment of febrile neutropenia. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study (2011-2012) was conducted of patients with high-risk neutropenia in a hematology-oncology service. RESULTS: Forty-four episodes of 17 patients with a median age of 48 years (range: 18-78 years) were included. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 61.4%. The presence of febrile neutropenia was associated with both the duration and severity of neutropenia. Microbiological agents were isolated from different sources in 59.3% of the episodes with bacteremia isolated from blood being the most prevalent (81.3%). Multiple drug-resistant gram-negative bacilli were isolated in 62.5% of all microbiologically documented infections. Treatment of 63% of the episodes in which the initial treatment was piperacillin/tazobactam needed to be escalated to meropenem. The mortality rate due to febrile neutropenia episodes was 18.5%. CONCLUSION: The high rate of gram-negative bacilli resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam (front-line antibiotics in our protocol) and the early need to escalate to carbapenems raises the question as to whether it is necessary to change the current protocol.

Estudio del ratio de FLT3-ITD como factor pronóstico en leucemias agudas mieloides: primeros casos estudiados en Uruguay / Analysis of the FLT3-ITD ratio as a prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemias. First cases studied in Uruguay

Introducción: en los últimos años ha existido un avance significativo en el conocimiento biológico de la leucemia aguda mieloide (LAM) que se ha traducido en que el tratamiento de los pacientes afectados se realice guiado por el perfil citogenético y molecular. Las duplicaciones internas en tándem del gen FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) representan las mutaciones más frecuentes en LAM y confieren un mal pronóstico en pacientes con riesgo citogenético intermedio. Se ha reportado que la presencia de un ratio FLT3-ITD elevado (relación entre cantidad de alelo portador de ITD y de alelo salvaje) confiere un mayor pronóstico adverso. Objetivo: estandarizar una técnica, no disponible en Uruguay, para determinar el ratio de FLT3-ITD en pacientes portadores de LAM de riesgo citogenético intermedio. Discutir los primeros casos de LAM FLT3+ a los que se realizó el ratio. Material y método: para la detección de FLT3-ITD se amplificó un fragmento correspondiente a los exones 14 y 15 del gen en muestras de médula ósea al debut de la enfermedad. En los casos positivos se determinó el ratio de FLT3-ITD mediante análisis de fragmentos por electroforesis capilar. Resultados: en este trabajo mostramos la estandarización de un método para la determinación del ratio de FLT3-ITD y los primeros casos analizados en nuestro país. Se estudiaron 12 pacientes y se detectó la presencia de FLT3-ITD en tres de ellos. El ratio de FLT3-ITD encontrado fue en dos casos menor a 0,8 y en un caso mayor o igual a 0,8. Conclusiones: disponemos de una técnica de determinación del ratio de FLT3-ITD con importante valor pronóstico para pacientes portadores de LAM.

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, significant progress has been made in the biological knowledge of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which has been reflected on treatment of affected patients being guided by cytogenetics and molecular profiling. FLT3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3/ITDs) represent the most frequent mutations in AML and confer a bad prognosis in patients with intermediate cytogenetic risk. It has been reported that the presence of a high FLT3-ITD ratio (relationship between number of ITD carrier allele and wild type allele). Objective: To standardize a technique, still not available in Uruguay, to determine the FLT3-ITD ratio in patients carriers of AML of intermediate cytogenetic risk. To discuss the first cases of AML FLT3+ who underwent ratio analysis. Methods: In order to identify FLT3-ITD, the fragment corresponding to exons 14 and 15 of the gene was amplified in bone marrow samples upon debut of the disease. In the cases it was positive, the FLT3-ITD ratio was determined by the analysis of fragments with capillary electrophoresis. Results: This study presented the standardization of a method to determine the FLT3-ITD ratio and the first cases analysed in our country. Twelve patients were studied and the presence of FLT3-ITD was detected in three of them. In two cases, the FLT3-ITD ratio found was below 0.8 and in one case it was greater than or equal to 0.8. Conclusions: We have a technique to determine the FLT3-ITD ratio with an important prognostic value for patients carriers of AML.

Resumo Introdução: nos últimos anos observou-se um avanço significativo do conhecimento biológico da leucemia aguda mieloide (LAM) que fez com que o tratamento destes pacientes seja orientado por seus perfis citogenético e molecular. As duplicações internas no tandem do gen FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) são as mutações mais frequentes na LAM e conferem um mal prognóstico em pacientes com risco citogenético intermediário. Foi descrito que uma proporção de FLT3-ITD elevada (relação entre a quantidade do alelo portador de ITD e do alelo selvagem) está vinculada com um maior prognóstico adverso. Objetivo: padronizar uma técnica, não disponível no Uruguai, para determinar a proporção de FLT3-ITD em pacientes portadores de LAM com risco citogenético intermediário. Discutir os primeiros casos de LAM FLT3+ cuja proporção foi calculada. Materiais e métodos: para a detecção de FLT3-ITD, foi realizada a ampliação de um fragmento correspondente aos exons 14 e 15 do gen em amostras de medula óssea no inicio da doença. Nos casos positivos, a proporção de FLT3-ITD foi determinada usando análise de fragmentos por eletroforese capilar. Resultados: neste trabalho mostramos a padronização de um método para a determinação da proporção de FLT3-ITD e os primeiros casos estudados no nosso país. Foram estudados 12 pacientes e a presença de FLT3-ITD foi determinada em 3. Em dois casos a proporção de FLT3-ITD era menor que 0,8 e em 1 caso maior ou igual a 0,8. Conclusões: contamos com uma técnica de determinação da proporção de FLT3-ITD com importante valor prognóstico para pacientes portadores de LAM.

Results of high-risk neutropenia therapy of hematology-oncology patients in a university hospital in Uruguay

Background: Febrile neutropenia is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy. The management of febrile neutropenia is typically algorithm-driven. The aim of this study was to assess the results of a standardized protocol for the treatment of febrile neutropenia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study (2011-2012) was conducted of patients with high-risk neutropenia in a hematology-oncology service. Results: Forty-four episodes of 17 patients with a median age of 48 years (range: 18-78 years) were included. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 61.4%. The presence of febrile neutropenia was associated with both the duration and severity of neutropenia. Microbiological agents were isolated from different sources in 59.3% of the episodes with bacteremia iso- lated from blood being the most prevalent (81.3%). Multiple drug-resistant gram-negative bacilli were isolated in 62.5% of all microbiologically documented infections. Treatment of 63% of the episodes in which the initial treatment was piperacillin/tazobactam needed to be escalated to meropenem. The mortality rate due to febrile neutropenia episodes was 18.5%. Conclusion: The high rate of gram-negative bacilli resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam (frontline antibiotics in our protocol) and the early need to escalate to carbapenems raises the question as to whether it is necessary to change the current protocol. .

Citarabina y reacciones cutáneas en leucemia aguda mieloide / Cytarabine and skin reactions in acute myeloid leukemia

La citarabina es un antimetabolito utilizado en el tratamiento de las leucemias agudas mieloides (LAM). Esta droga presenta numerosos efectos adversos (mielosupresión, toxicidad en sistema nervioso central, hepática, gastrointestinal, ocular y cutánea). La toxicidad dermatológica es habitualmente descrita como rara, sin embargo existen diferencias en la incidencia comunicada. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se incluyeron todas las LAM tratadas con quimioterapia que incluía citarabina, entre el 1º de julio 2006 y el 1° de julio 2012. Se incluyeron 46 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 55 años. La incidencia global de reacciones cutáneas fue de 39% (n = 18). La presencia de lesiones cutáneas no se asoció con sexo, edad, antecedentes de atopía, de reacciones medicamentosas, tipo de LAM ni dosis de citarabina utilizada. Las lesiones se observaron entre 2 a 8 días de iniciado el tratamiento. En cuanto al grado lesional, 27.8% presentaron grado 1, 38.9% grado 2 y 33.3% grado 3. No existieron lesiones grado 4 ni muerte vinculada a toxicidad cutánea. En cuanto al tipo de lesiones, 55.6% se presentaban con máculas, 22.2% con pápulas y 22.2% con eritema. Con respecto a la distribución de las lesiones, 52% de los pacientes presentaron una distribución difusa, 39.3% acral y 8.7% a nivel flexural. Las reacciones adversas cutáneas con la administración de citarabina son frecuentes en nuestro medio, en algunos casos con afectación grave. Si bien suelen resolverse espontáneamente, pueden determinar mayor riesgo de infección, así como comprometer la calidad de vida.

Cytarabine is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It has many adverse effects as: myelosuppression, toxic reactions involving central nervous system, liver, gastrointestinal tract, eyes or skin. Dermatologic toxicity is often described as rare; nevertheless there are differences in the reported frequency. We performed a retrospective study including all AML treated with chemotherapy that involved cytarabine between 1st July of 2006 and 1st July of 2012; 46 patients were included with a median age of 55 years. The overall incidence of skin reactions was 39% (n = 18). Sex, age, history of atopy, history of drug reactions, or dose of cytarabine used, were not associated with them. Skin reactions were observed from 2 to 8 days after treatment started. Considering injury degree: 27.8% had grade 1, 38.9% grade 2 and 33.3% grade 3. We did not find any injury grade 4 or death associated with skin toxicity. As for the type of injury: 55.6% presented macules, 22.2% papules and 22.2% erythema. Lesions distribution was diffuse in 52% of patients, acral in 39.3%, and at flexural level in 8.7%. Adverse cutaneous reactions secondary to the administration of cytarabine are frequent in our service and include some cases with severe involvement. Although these reactions usually resolve spontaneously, they determine an increased risk of infection and a compromise of the patient quality of life.

Citarabina y reacciones cutáneas en leucemia aguda mieloide / Cytarabine and skin reactions in acute myeloid leukemia

La citarabina es un antimetabolito utilizado en el tratamiento de las leucemias agudas mieloides (LAM). Esta droga presenta numerosos efectos adversos (mielosupresión, toxicidad en sistema nervioso central, hepática, gastrointestinal, ocular y cutánea). La toxicidad dermatológica es habitualmente descrita como rara, sin embargo existen diferencias en la incidencia comunicada. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se incluyeron todas las LAM tratadas con quimioterapia que incluía citarabina, entre el 1º de julio 2006 y el 1° de julio 2012. Se incluyeron 46 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 55 años. La incidencia global de reacciones cutáneas fue de 39% (n = 18). La presencia de lesiones cutáneas no se asoció con sexo, edad, antecedentes de atopía, de reacciones medicamentosas, tipo de LAM ni dosis de citarabina utilizada. Las lesiones se observaron entre 2 a 8 días de iniciado el tratamiento. En cuanto al grado lesional, 27.8% presentaron grado 1, 38.9% grado 2 y 33.3% grado 3. No existieron lesiones grado 4 ni muerte vinculada a toxicidad cutánea. En cuanto al tipo de lesiones, 55.6% se presentaban con máculas, 22.2% con pápulas y 22.2% con eritema. Con respecto a la distribución de las lesiones, 52% de los pacientes presentaron una distribución difusa, 39.3% acral y 8.7% a nivel flexural. Las reacciones adversas cutáneas con la administración de citarabina son frecuentes en nuestro medio, en algunos casos con afectación grave. Si bien suelen resolverse espontáneamente, pueden determinar mayor riesgo de infección, así como comprometer la calidad de vida.(AU)

Cytarabine is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It has many adverse effects as: myelosuppression, toxic reactions involving central nervous system, liver, gastrointestinal tract, eyes or skin. Dermatologic toxicity is often described as rare; nevertheless there are differences in the reported frequency. We performed a retrospective study including all AML treated with chemotherapy that involved cytarabine between 1st July of 2006 and 1st July of 2012; 46 patients were included with a median age of 55 years. The overall incidence of skin reactions was 39% (n = 18). Sex, age, history of atopy, history of drug reactions, or dose of cytarabine used, were not associated with them. Skin reactions were observed from 2 to 8 days after treatment started. Considering injury degree: 27.8% had grade 1, 38.9% grade 2 and 33.3% grade 3. We did not find any injury grade 4 or death associated with skin toxicity. As for the type of injury: 55.6% presented macules, 22.2% papules and 22.2% erythema. Lesions distribution was diffuse in 52% of patients, acral in 39.3%, and at flexural level in 8.7%. Adverse cutaneous reactions secondary to the administration of cytarabine are frequent in our service and include some cases with severe involvement. Although these reactions usually resolve spontaneously, they determine an increased risk of infection and a compromise of the patient quality of life.(AU)

Enfermedad de Von Willebrand adquirida en un linfoma linfoplasmocitario/Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström: reporte de caso / Acquired Von Willebrand disease (aVWD) in a lymphoplasmocitary/Waldenstrõm Macroglobulinemia lymphoma: case report

La enfermedad de Von Willebrand adquirida es una situación infrecuente que se genera en el contexto de enfermedades autoinmunes, síndromes linfoproliferativos y mieloproliferativos. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente portadora de un linfoma linfoplasmocitario con enfermedad de Waldenström, presentándose con un síndrome hemorragíparo y alteraciones de la crasis sanguínea a nivel de la vía intrínseca. Las gammapatías monoclonales como la macroglobulinemia de Waldenström suelen presentarse con dosificaciones de IgM variables, siendo, en el caso que se describe, > 11 g/dl. La clínica puede ser muy proteiforme, afectando varios sistemas, presentando en este caso una complicación por adsorción tumoral: la enfermedad de Von Willebrand adquirida. Se indicó tratamiento quimioterápico en base a talidomida, ciclofosfamida y dexametasona para la enfermedad de base, evolucionando favorablemente, remitiendo el síndrome hemorragíparo con tendencia a la normalización de la crasis, de los valores globulares y plaquetarios en forma mantenida luego de seis series de tratamiento. Otras medidas terapéuticas dirigidas a revertir la coagulopatía, como la plasmaféresis, poseen acción transitoria, no estando exentas de riesgo, y se plantean antehiperviscosidad aguda manifiesta con riesgo vital. La valoración de la paciente en forma interdisciplinaria permitió el mejor acercamiento diagnóstico y terapéutico.

Acquired Von Willebrand disease is an unusual situation arising within the context of self-immune diseases, lymphoproliferative and mieloproliferative disorders. The study presents the clinical case of a patient carrier of a lymphoplasmocitary lymphoma with WaldenstrõmÆs disease which presented with a hemorrhagic syndrome and alterations of the blood crasis in the intrinsic way. Monoclonalgammopathies such as WaldenstrõmÆs macroglobulinemia usually appear with varied IgM dosifications, being it > 11 g/dl in the case described. Clinical symptoms may be very proteiform, affecting several systems, and inthis case it presented complications resulting from tumor adsorption: acquired Von Willebrand disease. Chemotherapy with thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone was indicated for the base disease and there was favourable evolution, the hemorrhagic syndrome remittedand there was a tendency to crasis normalization, the same as globular and platelets values ongoing normalizationafter six series of treatment. Other therapeutic measures aiming to reverse coagulopathy, such as plasmapheresis,are short-acting, and they are not exempt from risks, and they are considered as options upon obviousacute hyperviscosity with a risk of life. Multidisciplinary patient assessment enabled the best diagnosis and therapeutic approach.

A doença de Von Willebrand adquirida é pouco freqüente e surge no contexto de doenças auto-imunes, síndromes linfoproliferativos e mieloproliferativos. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente portadora de linfoma linfoplasmocitario com doença de Waldenstrõm, que apresentava uma síndrome hemorragípara e alterações da crase sanguínea da via intrínseca. As gamapatias monoclonais como amacroglobulinemia de Waldenstrõm podem apresentar-se com dosificação variável da IgM que neste caso era > 11g/dl. O quadro clínico pode ser proteiforme afetando vários sistemas, apresentado nesta paciente uma complicação por adsorção tumoral: a doença de Von Willebrand adquirida. Para o tratamento da doença de base foi indicada quimioterapia com talidomida, ciclofosfamida e dexametasona que levou a uma evolução favorável com remissão da síndrome hemorragípara com tendência à normalização da crase e dos valores de glóbulos e plaquetas depois de seis séries de tratamento. Outras medidas terapêuticas orientadas à reversão da coagulopatia como a plasmaferese possuem ação transitória e não estão isentas de risco e são sugeridas quando há hiperviscosidade aguda com risco vital. A avaliação multidisciplinar da paciente favoreceu o diagnóstico e o tratamento.

Citarabina y reacciones cutáneas en leucemia aguda mieloide. / [Cytarabine and skin reactions in acute myeloid leukemia].

Cytarabine is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It has many adverse effects as: myelosuppression, toxic reactions involving central nervous system, liver, gastrointestinal tract, eyes or skin. Dermatologic toxicity is often described as rare; nevertheless there are differences in the reported frequency. We performed a retrospective study including all AML treated with chemotherapy that involved cytarabine between 1st July of 2006 and 1st July of 2012; 46 patients were included with a median age of 55 years. The overall incidence of skin reactions was 39

(n = 18). Sex, age, history of atopy, history of drug reactions, or dose of cytarabine used, were not associated with them. Skin reactions were observed from 2 to 8 days after treatment started. Considering injury degree: 27.8

had grade 1, 38.9

grade 2 and 33.3

grade 3. We did not find any injury grade 4 or death associated with skin toxicity. As for the type of injury: 55.6

presented macules, 22.2

papules and 22.2

erythema. Lesions distribution was diffuse in 52

of patients, acral in 39.3

, and at flexural level in 8.7

. Adverse cutaneous reactions secondary to the administration of cytarabine are frequent in our service and include some cases with severe involvement. Although these reactions usually resolve spontaneously, they determine an increased risk of infection and a compromise of the patient quality of life.