Analysis of gut microbiota in rats with bile duct obstruction after biliary drainage.

The abundance of specific gut microorganisms is strongly associated with the concentrations of microbially modified bile acids. This study aimed to investigate the composition of intestinal microbiota in rats subjected to bile duct ligation or biliary drainage. Extrahepatic bile duct ligation was conducted to induce bile duct obstruction in rats. The bile was drained via a percutaneous biliary drainage catheter to cause bile deficiency. The total DNA extracted from fecal samples was sequenced with 16S DNA sequencing. Taxonomic classifications were conducted using the Mothur algorithm and SILVA138 database and were presented along with the abundance presented using a heatmap. The inter- and intra-group differences in the intestinal microbiome composition were analyzed by ANOSIM test. The biomarker microorganisms were screened using the Linear discriminant analysis Effect size method. The possible functional pathways were predicted using the Tax4Fun package. A total of 3277 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were examined, with 2410 in the Kongbai group, 2236 in the Gengzu group, and 1763 in the Yinliu group. The composition of microorganisms at the levels of phylum, class, order, family, and genus was altered in rats with bile duct obstruction. This composition was then restored by biliary drainage. The top 10 predominant microorganisms were identified that led to the inter-group differences. Functional annotation revealed that the potential functions of the microorganisms with significant differences were enriched in metabolism, cellular processes, and genetic and environmental information processing. The intestinal microbial community was significantly changed in rats with bile duct obstruction. The changes in the abundance of intestinal microbiota Prevotellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were statistically significant after biliary drainage treatment.

Pylephlebitis combined with septic shock secondary to acute nonperforated appendicitis: a case report.

Pylephlebitis, which is a type of septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein, is a rare and life-threatening complication that commonly occurs following appendicitis. However, nonspecific abdominal complaints and fever can impede the diagnosis of pylephlebitis. Timely use of appropriate antibiotics and anticoagulants is paramount for treating this condition. We present a case of pylephlebitis and septic shock caused by acute nonperforated appendicitis. A 32-year-old man presented with migratory right lower abdominal pain. Blood cultures showed the presence of Escherichia coli. Blood test results showed increased bilirubin concentrations and coagulation factor abnormalities. A computed tomographic abdominal scan showed that the portal vein had a widened intrinsic diameter. After intensive care treatment with antibiotics, antishock therapy, anticoagulants, and other supportive treatments, the infection was monitored, the abdominal pain disappeared, and the jaundice subsided. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed. Histopathology showed acute suppurative appendicitis, and no abnormalities were observed during the follow-up period after discharge. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for the decision-making process in the presence of pylephlebitis caused by appendicitis to obtain a correct diagnosis and prompt treatment. Similarly, the timing of appendectomy is important for minimizing intra- and postoperative complications.