RESUMEN
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating motor neuron disease and lacks effective disease-modifying treatments. This study utilizes a comprehensive multiomic approach to investigate the early and sex-specific molecular mechanisms underlying ALS. By analyzing the prefrontal cortex of 51 patients with sporadic ALS and 50 control subjects, alongside four transgenic mouse models (C9orf72-, SOD1-, TDP-43-, and FUS-ALS), we have uncovered significant molecular alterations associated with the disease. Here, we show that males exhibit more pronounced changes in molecular pathways compared to females. Our integrated analysis of transcriptomes, (phospho)proteomes, and miRNAomes also identified distinct ALS subclusters in humans, characterized by variations in immune response, extracellular matrix composition, mitochondrial function, and RNA processing. The molecular signatures of human subclusters were reflected in specific mouse models. Our study highlighted the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as an early disease mechanism. We further demonstrate that trametinib, a MAPK inhibitor, has potential therapeutic benefits in vitro and in vivo, particularly in females, suggesting a direction for developing targeted ALS treatments.
Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Ratones Transgénicos , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/genética , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/tratamiento farmacológico , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/metabolismo , Humanos , Femenino , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Piridonas/farmacología , Piridonas/uso terapéutico , Proteína FUS de Unión a ARN/metabolismo , Proteína FUS de Unión a ARN/genética , Corteza Prefrontal/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Superóxido Dismutasa-1/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa-1/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteína C9orf72/genética , Proteína C9orf72/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuales , Anciano , Factores Sexuales , PirimidinonasRESUMEN
(1) Background: Previous studies showed an increased prevalence and incidence of coeliac disease (CD) over time. The objective is to ascertain whether the CD prevalence in Catalonia (a region of Southern Europe) among children aged 1-5 is as high as previously found in 2004-2009; (2) Methods: From 2013 to 2019, 3659 subjects aged 1-5 years were recruited following the previously used methodology. Factors with a potential impact on CD prevalence were investigated; (3) Results: In 2013-2019, 43/3659 subjects had positive serology, giving a standardised seroprevalence of 12.55/1000 (95% CI: 8.92; 17.40), compared to 23.62 (13.21; 39.40) in 2004-2007. The biopsy-proven crude prevalence was 7.92/1000 (95% CI: 5.50; 11.30), and the crude prevalence based on ESPGHAN criteria was 8.74/1000 (95% CI: 6.20-12.30). In contrast to 2004-2009, we did not find differences in the seroprevalence rates between 1 and 2 years vs. 3 and 4 years of age (age percentage of change -7.0 (-29.5; 22.8) vs. -45.3 (-67.5; -8.0)). Rotavirus vaccination was the most remarkable potential protective factor (48% vs. 9% in 2004-2009; p < 0.0001), but not the time of gluten introduction. (4) Conclusion: The present study did not confirm a worldwide CD prevalence increase and emphasizes the need to perform prevalence studies over time using the same methodology in the same geographical areas.