Eucommia Polysaccharides Ameliorate Aging-Associated Gut Dysbiosis: A Potential Mechanism for Life Extension in Drosophila.

The gut microbiota is increasingly considered to play a key role in human immunity and health. The aging process alters the microbiota composition, which is associated with inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased tissue function, and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases. It has been demonstrated that plant polysaccharides have beneficial effects on the gut microbiota, particularly in reducing pathogenic bacteria abundance and increasing beneficial bacteria populations. However, there is limited evidence of the effect of plant polysaccharides on age-related gut microbiota dysbiosis and ROS accumulation during the aging process. To explore the effect of Eucommiae polysaccharides (EPs) on age-related gut microbiota dysbiosis and ROS accumulation during the aging process of Drosophila, a series of behavioral and life span assays of Drosophila with the same genetic background in standard medium and a medium supplemented with EPs were performed. Next, the gut microbiota composition and protein composition of Drosophila in standard medium and the medium supplemented with EPs were detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and quantitative proteomic analysis. Here, we show that supplementation of Eucommiae polysaccharides (EPs) during development leads to the life span extension of Drosophila. Furthermore, EPs decreased age-related ROS accumulation and suppressed Gluconobacter, Providencia, and Enterobacteriaceae in aged Drosophila. Increased Gluconobacter, Providencia, and Enterobacteriaceae in the indigenous microbiota might induce age-related gut dysfunction in Drosophila and shortens their life span. Our study demonstrates that EPs can be used as prebiotic agents to prevent aging-associated gut dysbiosis and reactive oxidative stress.

[Bilateral ureteral polyps in children: a case report].

Fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter is a benign tumor of mesodermal origin that rarely occurs in children. The most common presenting symptoms are hematuria and flank pain by obstruction of the urinary tract. The etiology of this tumor is still not clear. It occurs more frequently in boys and often arises in the proximal ureter and the ureteropelvic junction. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult. We present here the case of a 11-year-old boy who had fibroepithelial polyps as the cause of the left flank ureteropelvic junction obstruction at pyeloplasty, and had the same condition on the right flank 5 years ago. We used polypectomy and pyeloureterostomy to treat the boy. No major intraoperative or preoperative complications developed.

WITHDRAWN: MiR-6838 Promotes Growth and Invasion in Bladder Cancer Via Suppression of Rb.

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher..

Erratum: MiR-4295 promotes cell growth in bladder cancer by targeting BTG1.

[This corrects the article on p. 4892 in vol. 8, PMID: 27904689.].

MiR-4295 promotes cell growth in bladder cancer by targeting BTG1.

microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis, and have been proposed to be key regulators of diverse biological processes. In this study, we report that miR-4295 is deregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. To characterize the role of miR-4295 in bladder cancer cells, we performed functional assays. The overexpression of miR-4295 significantly promoted bladder cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration. Moreover, its downregulation induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, a luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiment indicated that miR-4295 directly targets BTG1 by binding its 3'UTR. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that miR-4295 acts as an oncogene and may be a potential biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment.