A new In Situ Oxidized 2D Layered MnBi2Te4 Cathode for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery.

Recently, aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) with the superior theoretical capacity, high safety, low prices, and environmental protection, have emerged as a contender for advanced energy storage. However, challenges related to cathode materials, such as dissolution, instability, and structural collapse, have hindered the progress of AZIBs. Here, a novel AZIB is constructed using an oxidized 2D layered MnBi2Te4 cathode for the first time. The oxidized MnBi2Te4 cathode with large interlayer spacing and low energy barrier for zinc ion diffusion at 240 °C, exhibited impressive characteristics, including a high reversibility capacity of 393.1 mAh g-1 (0.4 A g-1), outstanding rate performance, and long cycle stability. Moreover, the corresponding aqueous button cell also exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. To demonstrate the application in practice in the realm of flexible wearable electronics, a quasi-solid-state micro ZIB (MZIB) is constructed and shows excellent flexibility and high-temperature stability (the capacity does not significantly degrade when the temperature reaches 100 °C and the bending angle exceeds 150°). This research offers effective tactics for creating high-performance cathode materials for AZIBs.

Characteristics of tandem repeat inheritance and sympathetic nerve involvement in GAA-FGF14 ataxia.

BACKGROUND: Intronic GAA repeat expansion ([GAA] ≥250) in FGF14 is associated with the late-onset neurodegenerative disorder, spinocerebellar ataxia 27B (SCA27B, GAA-FGF14 ataxia). We aim to determine the prevalence of the GAA repeat expansion in FGF14 in Chinese populations presenting late-onset cerebellar ataxia (LOCA) and evaluate the characteristics of tandem repeat inheritance, radiological features and sympathetic nerve involvement. METHODS: GAA-FGF14 repeat expansion was screened in an undiagnosed LOCA cohort (n = 664) and variations in repeat-length were analyzed in families of confirmed GAA-FGF14 ataxia patients. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate the radiological feature in GAA-FGF14 ataxia patients. Clinical examinations and sympathetic skin response (SSR) recordings in GAA-FGF14 patients (n = 16) were used to quantify sympathetic nerve involvement. RESULTS: Two unrelated probands (2/664) were identified. Genetic screening for GAA-FGF14 repeat expansion was performed in 39 family members, 16 of whom were genetically diagnosed with GAA-FGF14 ataxia. Familial screening revealed expansion of GAA repeats in maternal transmissions, but contraction upon paternal transmission. Brain MRI showed slight to moderate cerebellar atrophy. SSR amplitude was lower in GAA-FGF14 patients in pre-symptomatic stage compared to healthy controls, and further decreased in the symptomatic stage. CONCLUSIONS: GAA-FGF14 ataxia was rare among Chinese LOCA cases. Parental gender appears to affect variability in GAA repeat number between generations. Reduced SSR amplitude is a prominent feature in GAA-FGF14 patients, even in the pre-symptomatic stage.

Higher Dietary Quercetin Intake Is Associated with Lower Risk of Adverse Outcomes among Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Cumulative preclinical evidence reported quercetin, a major flavonoid, can attenuate the disease activity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, there is limited evidence that supports the benefits of quercetin for patients with IBD. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether dietary quercetin intake is associated with adverse outcomes among individuals with IBD in a prospective cohort study. METHODS: We included 2293 participants with IBD (764 Crohn's disease [CD] and 1529 ulcerative colitis [UC]) from the UK Biobank. Dietary information was collected using validated 24-h dietary assessments, and quercetin intake was estimated based on national nutrient databases. Two outcomes, enterotomy and all-cause mortality, were obtained based on the national data. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: After a mean (standard deviation) follow-up of 9.6 (1.8) y, we documented 193 enterotomy events and 176 deaths. Compared with participants with the lowest quartile intake of quercetin, those in the highest quartiles were associated with lower risk of enterotomy (HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.76) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.83) in IBD. The inverse associations between quercetin and enterotomy were consistent in CD (HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.78) but not UC (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.32, 1.07), while the inverse associations between quercetin and mortality were consistent both in CD (HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.92) and UC (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Higher dietary intake of quercetin was associated with lower risk of enterotomy and all-cause mortality in IBD. Our study provides novel evidence that further suggests the benefits of quercetin for patients with IBD, while also calling for further validation in other cohorts and clinical trials.

Long-term risk of venous thromboembolism among patients with gastrointestinal non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases: A prospective cohort study of 484 211 individuals.

We conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the associations of 21 gastrointestinal diseases with the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE). The study included 485 936 UK Biobank participants free of baseline VTE. The gastrointestinal diseases were defined by the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and 10 codes with data from the nationwide inpatient data set, the primary care data set, and the cancer registries. Incident VTE cases were defined by ICD-9 and 10 codes with data from the nationwide inpatient data set. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the associations of baseline gastrointestinal diseases with incident VTE risk. During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 13 646 incident VTE cases were diagnosed. Eleven gastrointestinal diseases (nine non-neoplastic and two neoplastic) were associated with an increased risk of incident VTE after Bonferroni corrections. The risk of VTE was >50% higher among patients with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 95% CI 1.74-5.70), pancreatic cancer (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.65-4.91), cirrhosis (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.96-2.79), Crohn's disease (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.33-1.95), or pancreatitis (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.31-1.88) compared with individuals without each of these diseases. We observed multiplicative interactions of age, sex, and body mass index with some gastrointestinal diseases (p < .05). A more pronounced, increased risk of VTE was found among younger, female, or obese patients. The study suggests a 50% higher risk of developing VTE among patients with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, or pancreatitis.

Face recognition ability can be predicted by microstructural properties of white matter: a study of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

There is a great individual difference in people's face recognition ability (FRA). This study aimed to reveal the neural mechanism underlying such individual differences. Elastic-net regression models were constructed to predict FRA based on the white matter (WM) microstructural properties. We found that FRA can be accurately predicted by the WM microstructural properties. For the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and bilateral arcuate fasciculus (AF), FRA was correlated negatively to fractional anisotropy (FA), but positively to radial diffusivity (RD). In contrast, for the corpus callosum forceps minor (CFM), FRA was correlated positively to FA, but negatively to RD. Such various patterns of the WM microstructural properties suggested a positive correlation between FRA and fiber diameter for the right ILF and bilateral AF, but a negative correlation between FRA and diameter of the CFM. These findings reflected that FRA was correlated positively to connectivities of the right ILF and bilateral AF, but negatively to those of the CFM. These findings not only confirmed the significant role of the right ILF in face recognition, but also revealed the involvement of the bilateral AF and CFM in face recognition, particularly implying the important role of hemisphere lateralization modulated by transcallosal connectivity in face recognition.

O-arm guided minimally invasive resection of intrathoracic epidural schwannoma: how I do it.

BACKGROUND: Schwannomas are the most common intrathoracic neurogenic tumors. In the past, they were often treated by traditional open surgery. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has also been used for some large tumors. Recently, minimally invasive posterior neurosurgical technique provides a new option for some of these tumors. METHOD: Here, we describe the specific steps involved in the O-arm guided minimally invasive removal of intrathoracic epidural schwannoma, as well as its advantages and limitations. CONCLUSION: O-arm guided minimally invasive resection of intrathoracic epidural schwannoma is safe and effective and causes little damage.

The Contribution of Genetic Risk and Lifestyle Factors in the Development of Adult-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: The joint associations across genetic risk, modifiable lifestyle factors, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. METHODS: Genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) was estimated by polygenic risk scores and further categorized into high, intermediate, and low genetic risk categories. Weighted healthy lifestyle scores were constructed based on 5 common lifestyle factors and categorized into favorable (4 or 5 healthy lifestyle factors), intermediate (3 healthy lifestyle factors), and unfavorable (0-2 healthy lifestyle factors) groups. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for their associations. RESULTS: During the 12-year follow-up, 707 cases with CD and 1576 cases with UC were diagnosed in the UK Biobank cohort. Genetic risk and unhealthy lifestyle categories were monotonically associated with CD and UC risk with no multiplicative interaction between them. The HR of CD and UC were 2.24 (95% CI 1.75-2.86) and 2.15 (95% CI 1.82-2.53) for those with a high genetic risk, respectively. The HR of CD and UC for individuals with an unfavorable lifestyle were 1.94 (95% CI 1.61-2.33) and 1.98 (95% CI 1.73-2.27), respectively. The HR of individuals with a high genetic risk but a favorable lifestyle (2.33, 95% CI 1.58-3.44 for CD, and 2.05, 95% CI 1.58-2.66 for UC) were reduced nearly by half, compared with those with a high genetic risk but an unfavorable lifestyle (4.40, 95% CI 2.91-6.66 for CD and 4.44, 95% CI 3.34-5.91 for UC). DISCUSSION: Genetic and lifestyle factors were independently associated with susceptibility to incident CD and UC. Adherence to a favorable lifestyle was associated with a nearly 50% lower risk of CD and UC among participants at a high genetic risk.

Sales of antibiotics without a prescription in pharmacies, 2017 and 2021, China.

Objective: To measure sales of antibiotics without a prescription in pharmacies in China in 2017 and 2021, before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and determine the factors associated with such sales. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional surveys using the simulated patient method in retail pharmacies in 13 provinces in eastern, central and western China in 2017 and 2021. At the pharmacies, the simulated patients (trained medical students) reported that they had mild respiratory tract symptoms and asked for treatment, using a three-stage process: (i) request some treatment; (ii) request antibiotics; (iii) request specific antibiotics. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with sale of antibiotics without a prescription. Findings: Of the pharmacies visited in 2017, 83.6% (925/1106) sold antibiotics without a prescription; this figure was 78.3% (853/1090) in 2021 (P-value: 0.002). After excluding pharmacies prohibited from selling antibiotics because of COVID-19, this difference was not significant (83.6% versus 80.9%; 853/1054; P-value: 0.11). Factors significantly associated with selling antibiotics without a prescription in both 2017 and 2019 were: location in central and western China compared with eastern China; being in a township or village compared with in a city; and presence of a counter where antibiotics were dispensed. Conclusion: Although laws became stricter between 2017 and 2021, antibiotic sales without a prescription were still common in pharmacies across China. Existing regulations need to be more strictly enforced, and pharmacy staff and the public should be made more aware of the risks of antibiotic misuse and dangers of antimicrobial resistance.

Higher Adherence to Cardioprotective Diet is Associated with Reduced Risk of Enterotomy and All-Cause Mortality among 5549 Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The cardioprotective diet has been previously reported to be inversely associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but whether it is beneficial to improve adverse outcomes in IBD remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate whether the cardioprotective diet is associated with enterotomy and all-cause mortality among individuals with IBD. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 5549 participants with IBD from the UK Biobank. Cardioprotective diet scores (range 0-7) were calculated based on the consumption of 7 common food groups collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Outcomes of interest were enterotomy and all-cause mortality, ascertained via inpatient data and death registry, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: During an average follow-up duration of 12.0 y, we documented 506 enterotomy and 566 death events. Compared with participants with the lowest adherence to the cardioprotective diet (score of 0-2), participants with the highest adherence to the cardioprotective diet (score of 5-7) were observed to have a lower risk of enterotomy (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.76; P < 0.001; P-trend < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98; P = 0.031; P-trend = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: A greater adherence to the cardioprotective diet is associated with a lower risk of enterotomy and all-cause mortality among individuals with IBD.

Full-endoscopic technique mitigates obesity-related perioperative morbidity of minimally invasive lumbar decompression.

PURPOSE: Obesity is associated with increased surgical complexity and postoperative complications in spine surgery. Minimally invasive procedures have been shown to lessen some of the increased risk in obese patients. This study investigated whether utilization of a working channel endoscope can further mitigate obesity-associated challenges in spinal surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of a single-surgeon database was conducted for all adult patients undergoing full-endoscopic unilateral laminotomies for bilateral decompression between November 2015 and March 2021. Data collected included body mass index, in operating room preparation time, procedure time, length of hospital stay, use of analgesics, complications, and quality of life measured by Oswestry Disability Index. RESULTS: Our cohort included 174 patients. Of these, 74 (42.5%) were obese. The average age was 63.6 years. In-operating room preparation time was 70.0 ± 1.7 min for obese patients and 64.4 ± 1.5 min for non-obese patients (p = 0.02). There was no difference in operative time, durotomy rates or other perioperative complications between obese and non-obese patients. Hospital length of stay trended toward longer in the obese group, but did not reach significance. A greater percentage of obese patients were still using both narcotic and non-narcotic pain medications 2 weeks after surgery. There was no significant difference in functional outcomes between groups. CONCLUSION: Full-endoscopic unilateral laminotomies for bilateral decompression are safe and effective in both non-obese and obese patients. The use of an endoscope can partially mitigate obesity-related morbidity in lumbar decompression. However, obesity is significantly related to increased postoperative analgesic use.

Nasal and Sellar Anatomic Variations in Pituitary-Dependent Cushing Disease.

OBJECTIVE: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone excessive secretion in pituitary-dependent Cushing disease (CD) patients may lead to anatomic variations of the nasal-sphenoidal corridor as a result of hormone-induced abnormal soft tissue change. However, there is still a lack of data on anatomic dimensions in CD patients. In this study, magnetic resonance images were analyzed to determine the anatomic variations of the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus in CD patients. METHODS: A retrospective radiographic analysis was conducted on CD patients undergoing endonasal transsphenoidal surgery as primary treatment between January 2013 and December 2017. A total of 97 CD patients and 100 controls were included. The nasal and sphenoidal anatomic dimensions of CD patients were compared with the control group. RESULTS: Both sides of nasal cavity height, middle nasal meatus width, and inferior nasal meatus width in CD patients were narrower than that of controls. When compared with controls, the ratio of the middle turbinate to middle nasal meatus and the ratio of inferior turbinate to inferior nasal meatus was found to increase on both sides in CD patients. Intercarotid distance of CD patients was shorter than that of controls. The most prevalent pneumatization pattern of CD patients was postsellar, followed by sellar, presellar, and conchal. CONCLUSIONS: Cushing disease patients have nasal and sphenoidal anatomic variations affecting the endonasal transsphenoidal surgical corridor, especially the shorter intercarotid distance. The neurosurgeon should be aware of these anatomic variations, and adapt surgical techniques and optimal approaches to reach the sella safely.

Region-specific disturbed iron redistribution in Cushing's disease measured by magnetic resonance imaging-based quantitative susceptibility mapping.

OBJECTIVES: Cushing's disease (CD) is most common endogenous Cushing's syndrome. This study aimed to assess iron alternations in deep grey matter in CD. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed. PATIENTS: In this study, 48 active CD patients, 39 remitted CD patients and 52 healthy control (HC) subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging. MEASUREMENTS: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). RESULTS: Decreased susceptibility values were found in the bilateral putamen, caudate, red nucleus, subthalamic nucleus and pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus (TL-PLV) in active and remitted patients with CD compared with HCs. Interestingly, in remitted patients with CD, altered susceptibility values were significantly correlated with altered brain volumes in TL-PLV, while TL-PLV may play an essential role as a general regulatory hub for adaptive and flexible cognition. CONCLUSION: Chronic exposure to hypercortisolism may be related to iron distribution and significantly correlated with altered brain volumes and clinical features in patients with CD.

Nonlinear Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and All-Cause Mortality in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Nonlinear association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and all-cause mortality has been widely reported for the general population, but this association has not been quantified for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVES: The aim was to explore the association between serum 25(OH)D and all-cause mortality in individuals with IBD. METHODS: We identified 2690 females and 2532 males aged 40-69 y with diagnosed IBD at baseline in the UK Biobank. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured by direct competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. The outcome was all-cause mortality, ascertained via the death registry. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate associations between serum 25(OH)D in quintiles and all-cause mortality among individuals with IBD [Crohn disease (CD; n = 1760) and ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 3462)]. Restricted cubic splines were used to investigate potential nonlinearity. RESULTS: During the mean follow-up period of 11.9 y, 529 deaths (198 in CD and 331 in UC) were documented among 5222 individuals with IBD. Compared with the lowest quintile of serum 25(OH)D, HRs for the second to the highest quintiles were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.06), 0.63 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.83), 0.64 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.85), and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.99), respectively. Nonlinearity was detected in the dose-response association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and all-cause mortality (P-nonlinearity < 0.001), and 25(OH)D concentrations of 44-78 nmol/L were associated with a 50% lower risk of all-cause mortality (than 10 nmol/L). Subgroup analyses showed that the nonlinear association mostly applied to females (P-nonlinearity < 0.001 compared with 0.080 in males). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a nonlinear association, mostly applicable to females, between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and all-cause mortality among individuals with IBD. A 25(OH)D concentration range of 44-78 nmol/L can serve as a starting point for future research to confirm recommended 25(OH)D concentrations for individuals with IBD.

Machine Learning Modeling and Insights into the Structural Characteristics of Drug-Induced Neurotoxicity.

Neurotoxicity can be resulted from many diverse clinical drugs, which has been a cause of concern to human populations across the world. The detection of drug-induced neurotoxicity (DINeurot) potential with biological experimental methods always required a lot of budget and time. In addition, few studies have addressed the structural characteristics of neurotoxic chemicals. In this study, we focused on the computational modeling for drug-induced neurotoxicity with machine learning methods and the insights into the structural characteristics of neurotoxic chemicals. Based on the clinical drug data with neurotoxicity effects, we developed 35 different classifiers by combining five different machine learning methods and seven fingerprint packages. The best-performing model achieved good results on both 5-fold cross-validation (balanced accuracy of 76.51%, AUC value of 0.83, and MCC value of 0.52) and external validation (balanced accuracy of 83.63%, AUC value of 0.87, and MCC value of 0.67). The model can be freely accessed on the web server DINeuroTpredictor (http://dineurot.sapredictor.cn/). We also analyzed the distribution of several key molecular properties between neurotoxic and non-neurotoxic structures. The results indicated that several physicochemical properties were significantly different between the neurotoxic and non-neurotoxic compounds, including molecular polar surface area (MPSA), AlogP, the number of hydrogen bond acceptors (nHAcc) and donors (nHDon), the number of rotatable bonds (nRotB), and the number of aromatic rings (nAR). In addition, 18 structural alerts responsible for chemical neurotoxicity were identified. The structural alerts have been integrated with our web server SApredictor (http://www.sapredictor.cn). The results of this study could provide useful information for the understanding of the structural characteristics and computational prediction for chemical neurotoxicity.

A novel deep learning-based method for COVID-19 pneumonia detection from CT images.

BACKGROUND: The sensitivity of RT-PCR in diagnosing COVID-19 is only 60-70%, and chest CT plays an indispensable role in the auxiliary diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, but the results of CT imaging are highly dependent on professional radiologists. AIMS: This study aimed to develop a deep learning model to assist radiologists in detecting COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: The total study population was 437. The training dataset contained 26,477, 2468, and 8104 CT images of normal, CAP, and COVID-19, respectively. The validation dataset contained 14,076, 1028, and 3376 CT images of normal, CAP, and COVID-19 patients, respectively. The test set included 51 normal cases, 28 CAP patients, and 51 COVID-19 patients. We designed and trained a deep learning model to recognize normal, CAP, and COVID-19 patients based on U-Net and ResNet-50. Moreover, the diagnoses of the deep learning model were compared with different levels of radiologists. RESULTS: In the test set, the sensitivity of the deep learning model in diagnosing normal cases, CAP, and COVID-19 patients was 98.03%, 89.28%, and 92.15%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the deep learning model was 93.84%. In the validation set, the accuracy was 92.86%, which was better than that of two novice doctors (86.73% and 87.75%) and almost equal to that of two experts (94.90% and 93.88%). The AI model performed significantly better than all four radiologists in terms of time consumption (35 min vs. 75 min, 93 min, 79 min, and 82 min). CONCLUSION: The AI model we obtained had strong decision-making ability, which could potentially assist doctors in detecting COVID-19 pneumonia.

Recent Advances in Copper-Based Organic Complexes and Nanoparticles for Tumor Theranostics.

Treatment of drug-resistant forms of cancer requires consideration of their hallmark features, such as abnormal cell death mechanisms or mutations in drug-responding molecular pathways. Malignant cells differ from their normal counterparts in numerous aspects, including copper metabolism. Intracellular copper levels are elevated in various cancer types, and this phenomenon could be employed for the development of novel oncotherapeutic approaches. Copper maintains the cell oxidation levels, regulates the protein activity and metabolism, and is involved in inflammation. Various copper-based compounds, such as nanoparticles or metal-based organic complexes, show specific activity against cancer cells according to preclinical studies. Herein, we summarize the major principles of copper metabolism in cancer cells and its potential in cancer theranostics.

P003 Meat Consumption and All-Cause Mortality in 5763 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Meat consumption was found to be associated with the incidence and developmental course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but its roles in the risk of all-cause mortality in IBD patients remained unknown. The aim of this study (UK Biobank Resource under application number 73595) was to assess the associations between meat consumption and all-cause mortality among IBD patients. METHODS: We leveraged data of 5763 IBD patients in the UK Biobank recruited from 2007 to 2010 and followed up to March 13, 2021. Dietary information was collected using a simplified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the touchscreen questionnaire at baseline recruitment. Death events were ascertained from the death registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate potential associations of each meat consumption with mortality in IBD patients, 0.1-0.9 time per week was seen as the reference, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were reported. Moreover, we conducted a series of subgroup and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: During an average follow-up of 11.7 years, we documented 590 deaths over 67,095 person-years. Of the 5763 IBD patients with a mean (SD) age of 57.3 (7.9) years, 3028 (52.5%) were female and 2735 (47.5%) were male, 1834 were with Crohn's diseases (CD) and 3929 were with ulcerative colitis (UC). Consuming processed meat more than 4 times per week (>4 times/week) was associated with an increased risk of mortality in IBD patients (HR 1.53, 95%CI 1.06-2.23, P = 0.025) compared with consumption of less than once per week (0.1-0.9 time/week), while consumptions of fish, unprocessed poultry, or unprocessed red meat were not found to be related to mortality. The association of processed meat with mortality was also observed in CD patients (HR 2.01, 95%CI 1.12-3.62, P = 0.020), but not significantly in UC patients (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.77-2.09, P = 0.346). In subgroup analyses, we also observed the associations in IBD patients with diseases duration more than 10 years (HR 1.67, 95%CI 1.03-2.69) or patients who had high physical activities (HR 2.21, 95%CI 1.13-4.33), but was not significant in other subgroup analyses, also, the associations manifested robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: In this study, more frequent consumption of processed meat was found to be associated with the increased risk of mortality in IBD patients, while no such associations were observed in IBD patients who consuming fish, unprocessed poultry meat or unprocessed red meat. Therefore, based on the results above, we recommend a remodified diet with restricting processed meat as well as supplying an additional healthy diet for IBD patients, using alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy.

The physiological and psychological effects of cognitive behavior therapy on patients with inflammatory bowel disease before COVID-19: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is now included in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in many settings. However, different clinical trials report different outcomes without consensus. This study aims to evaluate the impact of CBT on the mental state, quality of life and disease activity of patients with IBD. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: This systematic review searched eligible studies from 1946 to December 8, 2019, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, PsycINFO, Web of Science for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT). RESULTS: Among the initial identified 1807 references, 11 studies met inclusion criteria. CBT was shown to improve patient's quality of life and reduce the level of depression and anxiety post-intervention but was not sustained. Evidence is not enough for the effect of CBT on disease activity, or C-reactive protein level. CONCLUSIONS: CBT has shown short-term positive psychological effects on IBD patients, but there is insufficient evidence for sustained physical and psychological improvements of IBD patients. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019152330.

Protocatechuic Acid Suppresses Microglia Activation and Facilitates M1 to M2 Phenotype Switching in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mice.

OBJECTIVES: Microglia activation, a key process in secondary injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), is divided to M1 and M2 phenotype. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic acid been proved neuroprotection in ICH without understanding of details. Thus, this study aimed to observe the influence of PCA on microglia activation and explore underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess PCA affected microglia activation in vivo, an experimental ICH mice model was established and then treated with PCA intraperitoneal injection. Immunofluorescence staining was performed in brain slices at day 3 post ICH. BV2 cells were stimulated with hemin for activation, then M1 and M2 biomarkers were analyzed using Western Blot and qPCR. At last, we detected the expression of mTOR and its downstream molecules to discuss possible mechanisms. RESULTS: At day 3 post ICH, less activated microglia gathering around hematoma after PCA treatment. Furtherly, in hemin treated BV2 cells, PCA downregulated M1 and promoted M2 biomarkers expression in both mRNA and protein level. PCA inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1, while the inhibition was disappeared after supplemented with mTOR activator. CONCLUSIONS: PCA impacted microglia activation by suppressing the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby improving M1/M2 switch and attenuated neuroinflammation.

Preparation of New Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Long-Chain Alkyl Group Nanomicelles and Their Antiviral Properties against ALV-J.

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an immunosuppressive virus which has caused heavy losses to the poultry breeding industry. Currently, there is no effective medicine to treat this virus. In our previous experiments, the low-molecular-weight Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) was proven to possess antiviral activity against ALV-J, but its function was limited to the virus adsorption stage. In order to improve the antiviral activity of the SFP, in this study, three new SFP long-chain alkyl group nanomicelles (SFP-C12M, SFP-C14M and SFP-C16M) were prepared. The nanomicelles were characterized according to their physical and chemical properties. The nanomicelles were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, critical micelle concentration and morphology. The results showed the particle sizes of the three nanomicelles were all approximately 200 nm and SFP-C14M and SFP-C16M were more stable than SFP-C12M. The newly prepared nanomicelles exhibited a better anti-ALV-J activity than the SFP, with SFP-C16M exhibiting the best antiviral effects in both the virus adsorption stage and the replication stage. The results of the giant unilamellar vesicle exposure experiment demonstrated that the new virucidal effect of the nanomicelles might be caused by damage to the phospholipid membrane of ALV-J. This study provides a potential idea for ALV-J prevention and development of other antiviral drugs.