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1.
Genome Res ; 29(2): 223-235, 2019 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30606742

RESUMEN

The aberrant activities of transcription factors such as the androgen receptor (AR) underpin prostate cancer development. While the AR cis-regulation has been extensively studied in prostate cancer, information pertaining to the spatial architecture of the AR transcriptional circuitry remains limited. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to profile long-range chromatin interactions associated with AR and its collaborative transcription factor, erythroblast transformation-specific related gene (ERG), using chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag (ChIA-PET). We identified ERG-associated long-range chromatin interactions as a cooperative component in the AR-associated chromatin interactome, acting in concert to achieve coordinated regulation of a subset of AR target genes. Through multifaceted functional data analysis, we found that AR-ERG interaction hub regions are characterized by distinct functional signatures, including bidirectional transcription and cotranscription factor binding. In addition, cancer-associated long noncoding RNAs were found to be connected near protein-coding genes through AR-ERG looping. Finally, we found strong enrichment of prostate cancer genome-wide association study (GWAS) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at AR-ERG co-binding sites participating in chromatin interactions and gene regulation, suggesting GWAS target genes identified from chromatin looping data provide more biologically relevant findings than using the nearest gene approach. Taken together, our results revealed an AR-ERG-centric higher-order chromatin structure that drives coordinated gene expression in prostate cancer progression and the identification of potential target genes for therapeutic intervention.


Asunto(s)
Cromatina/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromatina/química , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/análisis , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Regulador Transcripcional ERG/metabolismo , Regulador Transcripcional ERG/fisiología
2.
Cell Death Discov ; 9(1): 288, 2023 Aug 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37543696

RESUMEN

Regulation of protein translation initiation is tightly associated with cell growth and survival. Here, we identify Paip1, the Drosophila homolog of the translation initiation factor PAIP1, and analyze its role during development. Through genetic analysis, we find that loss of Paip1 causes reduced protein translation and pupal lethality. Furthermore, tissue specific knockdown of Paip1 results in apoptotic cell death in the wing imaginal disc. Paip1 depletion leads to increased proteotoxic stress and activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Mechanistically, we show that loss of Paip1 promotes phosphorylation of eIF2α via the kinase PERK, leading to apoptotic cell death. Moreover, Paip1 depletion upregulates the transcription factor gene Xrp1, which contributes to apoptotic cell death and eIF2α phosphorylation. We further show that loss of Paip1 leads to an increase in Xrp1 translation mediated by its 5'UTR. These findings uncover a novel mechanism that links translation impairment to tissue homeostasis and establish a role of ISR activation and Xrp1 in promoting cell death.

4.
Mol Cancer Res ; 16(12): 1865-1878, 2018 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30115758

RESUMEN

The human genome is mostly transcribed, yielding a rich repository of noncoding transcripts that are involved in a myriad of biological processes including cancer. However, how many noncoding transcripts such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) function in cancer is still unclear. This study identified a novel set of clinically relevant androgen-regulated lncRNAs in prostate cancer. Among this group, LINC00844 was demonstrated to be a direct androgen-regulated target that is actively transcribed in androgen receptor (AR)-dependent prostate cancer cells. The expression of LINC00844 is higher in normal prostate compared with malignant and metastatic prostate cancer clinical specimens, and patients with low expression had a poor prognosis and significantly increased biochemical recurrence, suggesting LINC00844 functions in suppressing tumor progression and metastasis. Indeed, in vitro loss-of-function studies revealed that LINC00844 prevents prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, findings from gene expression profiling analysis indicated that LINC00844 functions in trans, affecting global androgen-regulated gene transcription. Mechanistic evidence reveals that LINC00844 is important in facilitating AR binding to the chromatin. Finally, LINC00844 mediates its phenotypic effects in part by activating the expression of NDRG1, a crucial cancer metastasis suppressor. Collectively, LINC00844 is a novel coregulator of AR that plays a central role in the androgen transcriptional network and the development and progression of prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS: This study highlights the function of the lncRNA, LINC00844, in regulating global AR-regulated genes in prostate cancer by modulating AR binding to chromatin.


Asunto(s)
Cromatina/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Masculino , Invasividad Neoplásica , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Transducción de Señal
5.
Aviat Space Environ Med ; 73(4): 359-62, 2002 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11952056

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although there are more than 200 peaks higher than 3000 m in the Taiwan Alps, no data on the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) are available. This study investigated the incidence of AMS in Jade Mountain climbers. METHODS: The study was performed at the entrance of Jade Mountain, the highest peak (3952 m) in Taiwan. A standardized form was used to collect information. All the recorders had previously been trained in the management of high altitude illness. The Lake Louise consensus was used for the diagnosis of AMS. RESULTS: There were 93 trekkers (18 females and 71 males) who were surveyed. Four records with incomplete data were excluded, leaving 89 records for analysis. The ages ranged from 20-68 yr, with an average age of 41.1 +/- 11.2 SD. All subjects had a home residence below 1 km. The most common high altitude symptoms were headaches. Some 25 trekkers (28%) [corrected] met the diagnoses of AMS. The most common site of the AMS cases feeling their worst symptoms was in the midway overnight hut, and not on the summit. The lower the O2 saturation recorded at the entrance (2659 m) of Jade Mountain, the higher the score of the Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness Score (LLAMSS). CONCLUSIONS: Acute mountain sickness is a common problem in Taiwan summit climbers. In our study, 28% [corrected] of the Jade Mountain trekkers met the diagnosis of AMS; however, the incidence of AMS was lower than that of other studies at similar altitudes.


Asunto(s)
Mal de Altura/epidemiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Taiwán/epidemiología
6.
Endocr Relat Cancer ; 21(1): R1-R11, 2014 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24152433

RESUMEN

Androgen and the androgen receptor (AR) are critical effectors of prostate cancer. Consequently, androgen deprivation therapy is typically employed as a first-line treatment for prostate cancer patients. While initial responses are generally positive, prostate tumors frequently recur and progress to a lethal form known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recently, considerable effort has been directed toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of CRPC. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies suggest that AR-mediated signaling persists and remains functionally important in CRPC despite the elimination of androgens. Understanding the role of this pathway in the development of resistance will therefore be critical to identify alternative diagnostic markers as well as more effective therapies for the treatment of CRPC. Using next-generation sequencing and other high-throughput approaches, numerous groups are beginning to identify the key differences in the transcriptional regulatory and gene expression programs between androgen-dependent and CRPC. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for the differences and these mostly involve alterations to components of the AR co-regulatory network. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on co-regulators of the AR and discuss their potential roles in CRPC. It is anticipated that a deeper understanding of these factors will undercover new targets that can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of CRPC.


Asunto(s)
Andrógenos/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Animales , Epigénesis Genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/genética , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Transducción de Señal
7.
Neuron ; 73(2): 304-16, 2012 Jan 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22284185

RESUMEN

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is crucial for generating molecular diversity, and serves to regulate protein function through recoding of genomic information. Here, we discover editing within Ca(v)1.3 Ca²âº channels, renown for low-voltage Ca²âº-influx and neuronal pacemaking. Significantly, editing occurs within the channel's IQ domain, a calmodulin-binding site mediating inhibitory Ca²âº-feedback (CDI) on channels. The editing turns out to require RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2, whose variable activity could underlie a spatially diverse pattern of Ca(v)1.3 editing seen across the brain. Edited Ca(v)1.3 protein is detected both in brain tissue and within the surface membrane of primary neurons. Functionally, edited Ca(v)1.3 channels exhibit strong reduction of CDI; in particular, neurons within the suprachiasmatic nucleus show diminished CDI, with higher frequencies of repetitive action-potential and calcium-spike activity, in wild-type versus ADAR2 knockout mice. Our study reveals a mechanism for fine-tuning Ca(v)1.3 channel properties in CNS, which likely impacts a broad spectrum of neurobiological functions.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Canales de Calcio Tipo L/genética , Calcio/metabolismo , Edición de ARN , Adenosina Desaminasa/genética , Adenosina Desaminasa/metabolismo , Animales , Canales de Calcio Tipo L/metabolismo , Señalización del Calcio/fisiología , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Neuronas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Núcleo Supraquiasmático/metabolismo
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