The Relationship Between Spirituality and Religiosity with Death Anxiety Among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between spirituality and religiosity with death anxiety (DA) among cancer patients. This systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) checklist. An extensive search was conducted on electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) via keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings from the earliest to February 9, 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). Fifteen studies were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. Nine and six studies assessed the relationship between spirituality and religiosity with DA in cancer patients, respectively. Most studies had a negative relationship between spirituality (n = 8) and religiosity (n = 4) with DA. In sum, most studies showed that religion and spirituality are negatively related to DA in patients with cancer.

Persian version of thirst distress scale (TDS) in patients on hemodialysis: Factor structure and psychometric properties
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BACKGROUND: Patients on hemodialysis can experience thirst distress. However, there is no valid and reliable Persian instrument to measure this condition in such patients. The present study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the thirst distress scale (TDS) for patients on hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our sample consisted of 142 hemodialysis patients completed the TDS Persian version. The face, content, and construct validity of the scale were ascertained. Reliability was also assessed using internal consistency, construct reliability, and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Construct validity determined one factor with an eigenvalue greater than 0.7. The model revealed good fitness (χ2 (121, N = 142) = 269.32, p < 0.001; χ2df = 2.225, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.912, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.866, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.926, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.961, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.089 (90% confidence interval = 0.069 - 0.109)). The internal consistency, construct reliability, and ICC were greater than 0.70. The scale's convergent validity was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the acceptable psychometric properties and the factor structure of the TDS in Iranian patients on hemodialysis.
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Self-Care in Iranian Cancer Patients: The Role of Religious Coping.

Religious and spiritual practices are related to physical and mental health. Social support is an important source to aid coping, but this is not without its difficulties. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between religious coping and self-care in a sample of Iranian cancer patients. In this cross-sectional study (October-December, 2015), 380 cancer patients were entered into the study using non random sampling (accessible sampling). Data were collected using socio-demographic, religious coping (R-COPE), and self-care questionnaires. Male patients (48.39 ± 13.39; 95% CI 46.41-50.38) were older than the females patients (45.33 ± 18.44; 95% CI 42.79-47.87). The findings indicated that there was a significant correlation between self-care and positive religious coping (r = .188, p = .009). Also there was a significant relationship between self-care and a history of smoking (p < .05). It seems that improving the level of positive religious affiliation can have beneficial effect on the self-care of cancer patients. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct these studies with greater scale and more different societies to achieve more reliable results about the effects of religious coping on self-care behaviors in cancer patients.

The effect of emotional freedom techniques on test anxiety in Iranian Paramedical students: a randomized controlled trial study.

Background: Based on evidences, there has been no study conducted on the effects of emotional freedom techniques on Iranian medical students. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the impact of emotional freedom techniques on examination anxiety in Iranian nursing and allied students. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted in 2021. The sample included students from the School of Nursing and Midwifery and the School of Paramedical Sciences enroled from the second to eighth semesters. Based on inclusion criteria, 30 students were assigned to each group. The test anxiety questionnaire was utilized to assess the test anxiety of students. The educational sessions in the intervention group were structured according to the Church's educational package and were delivered in six non-face-to-face (online) sessions, each lasting 45 min, once a week. In the control group, no intervention was implemented. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 24 (IBM SPSS Statistics). Results: The mean age of students in the intervention and control groups were 25.22±1.85 and 22.80±1.80 years, respectively. After the intervention, the mean examination anxiety in the experimental group (50.88) significantly decreased to within the moderate range (25-75), compared to the mean examination anxiety in the control group (65.36) within the same range (P<0.001). Furthermore, the ANCOVA analysis indicated that the group and examination anxiety before the intervention were statistically significant. Conclusion: This positive impact on test anxiety is particularly promising for medical sciences students, who often endure heightened stress levels due to the rigorous nature of their studies and the demands of their profession.

A concept analysis of ageism from older adults' perspective: a hybrid model.

Introduction: Iran follows global trends with a growing aging population. To better understand ageism in Iranian context, the present study explores the concept using a hybrid model with both inductive and deductive approaches. Methods: A hybrid concept analysis model was used to further define the concept of ageism. In the first step, databases such as PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched for studies up until August 2019. Key terms used in the search included "ageism", "stereotype", "discrimination", "age", "aging" "old", and "elder". Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 community-dwelling older adults chosen through purposive sampling. Results: Data from the theoretical and fieldwork phases presented a definition of ageism: "Ageism engrained into older adults (no other age groups) is associated with personal, psycho-social, economic, and especially cultural factors that impose an acceptance of limitations based on chronological age or being perceived as old". Conclusion: Ageism is a multi-faceted experience composed of psycho-social, economic, and cultural dimensions. While the present study has further clarified ageism, more research is needed, particularly in relation to diverse cultural contexts.

Psychometric Assessment of the Farsi Version of Perceived Barriers to Healthcare-Seeking Decision in Iranian Cardiovascular Patients.

Background and Purpose: This study was undertaken to assess the psychometric properties of the Perceived Barriers to Healthcare-Seeking Decision (PBHSD) scale in Iranian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods: In this methodological study conducted from February to June 2022, 255 patients with ACS completed the Farsi version of the PBHSD scale. The study focused on evaluating the face, content, and construct validity of this scale. Additionally, reliability was assessed through measures of internal consistency, including Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega, and stability through test-retest analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients in the study was 47.12 (SD = 17.25). Construct validity analysis revealed a single independent factor with an eigenvalue greater than 1, explaining 61.23% of the extracted variance. Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient were both greater than 0.70 that proved validity of the PBHSD scale. Conclusions: The study's findings indicate that the Farsi version of the PBHSD is both valid and reliable. Consequently, it can be effective to assess and evaluate healthcare-seeking decisions in Iranian patients with ACS.

Psychological wellbeing, family cohesion, and purposeful life in male prisoners: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Psychological wellbeing, family cohesion, and purposeful life are important determinants of the prisoners' overall wellbeing and health; therefore, their evaluation is extremely important in prisoners as a vulnerable group. Objective: This study evaluated psychological wellbeing, family cohesion, purposeful life, and their correlations in male prisoners. Methods: This cross-sectional study used simple random sampling to select 259 male prisoners. Data were collected using questionnaires of Ryff psychological wellbeing, Fischer family cohesion, and Crumbaugh and Maholick purpose in life. Results: Majority of (78%) the participants were 20-40 years old and married (59%). The mean scores of psychological wellbeing, family cohesion, and purposeful life of the male prisoners were moderate. Psychological wellbeing was directly correlated to family cohesion in male prisoners, but it had no significant correlation with a purposeful life. Family cohesion was not significantly correlated to a purposeful life. Conclusion: Regarding the moderate level of psychological wellbeing in prisoners, it is suggested to pay more attention to educational and supportive programs in prisons for promoting such indicators in prisoners.

The efficacy of telenursing on caregiver burden among Iranian patients with heart failure: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure is one of the most common syndromes in the world and Iran. Caring for heart failure patients can cause a burden on their caregivers. Traditional and modern treatment techniques are often used for patients with heart failure. This study was conducted with the aim to " determine the impact of telenursing on short-term caregiver burden of patients with heart failure discharged from hospitals in Iran". METHODS: This randomized clinical trial (RCT) was undertaken in Kerman, Iran, in 2018-2019. From among caregivers of patients with minimal grade 2 heart failure, 100 patients were randomly selected to participate in the study. The intervention group, in addition to routine discharge training, received training and care files with videos and related photos via social media every other day for 1 month. The control group received only routine discharge training. The Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS) was completed before and after the intervention in both groups. This scale includes 22 items scored on a Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). The data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 56.44 ± 13.09 years. The mean caregiver burden score in the control and intervention groups at baseline was 37.26 and 35.58, respectively, and after the intervention, it was 34.56 and 24.28, respectively. A significant difference was found in the 2 groups after the study; the mean caregiver burden score in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the control group after the study. CONCLUSION: Telenursing reduces the caregiver burden in caregivers of patients with heart failure. Telenursing can be considered as an auxiliary method to control the symptoms associated with heart failure.

Effectiveness of Counseling Based on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy with Enhanced Cognitive Therapy on the Sexual Quality of Life of Married Adolescent Women.

OBJECTIVE: Early marriage has many deleterious effects on the health of girls, such as sexual dissatisfaction, an inevitable result of the lack of sufficient knowledge about sexual issues at the time of the marriage. The goal of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling based on functional analytic psychotherapy with enhanced cognitive therapy (FECT) on the sexual quality of life of married adolescent women. METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted between July and October 2019 on 150 married adolescent women who met the inclusion criteria. In the intervention group, FECT was conducted in sixteen 90-minute sessions twice a week. The Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire was used. When the study ended, the control group was given the choice of receiving the same intervention as the intervention group. RESULTS: The paired t-test showed a significant difference between the mean score of sexual quality of life before (52.33 ± 23.09) and after (88.08 ± 10.51) counseling in the intervention group (p < 0.0001). According to the analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference between the score on sexual quality after counseling between the intervention (88.08 ± 10.51) and control (60.32 ± 23.73) groups (p < 0.0001). There was also a significant difference between the mean score on the four dimensions of sexual quality of life in the intervention group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results showed that counseling based on FECT improved the sexual quality of life in all dimensions in married adolescent women.

OBJETIVO: O casamento precoce tem muitos efeitos deletérios sobre a saúde das meninas, como a insatisfação sexual, resultado inevitável da falta de conhecimento suficiente sobre questões sexuais no momento do casamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a eficácia do aconselhamento baseado em psicoterapia analítica funcional com terapia cognitiva aprimorada (FECT) na qualidade de vida sexual de mulheres adolescentes casadas. MéTODOS: Este ensaio clínico foi realizado entre julho e outubro de 2019 em 150 mulheres adolescentes casadas que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. No grupo de intervenção, FECT foi realizado em dezesseis sessões de 90 minutos duas vezes por semana. Foi utilizado o questionário Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F). Quando o estudo terminou o grupo de controle teve a opção de receber a mesma intervenção do grupo de intervenção. RESULTADOS: O teste t pareado mostrou diferença significativa entre o escore médio da qualidade de vida sexual antes (52,33 ± 23,09) e após (88,08 ± 10,51) o aconselhamento no grupo intervenção (p < 0,0001). De acordo com a análise de covariância houve diferença significativa entre o escore de qualidade sexual após aconselhamento entre os grupos intervenção (88,08 ± 10,51) e controle (60,32 ± 23,73) (p < 0,0001). Também houve diferença significativa entre a pontuação média nas quatro dimensões da qualidade de vida sexual no grupo de intervenção (p <0,0001). CONCLUSãO: Os resultados mostraram que o aconselhamento baseado no FECT melhorou a qualidade de vida sexual em todas as dimensões em mulheres adolescentes casadas.

Torsion of Wandering Spleen Attached to the Omentum: A Rare Case Report from Iran.

BACKGROUND: Wandering spleen is a rare condition with less than 0.2% prevalence, and it is the cause of 0.25% of total splenectomies. This condition happens as a result of the lack or looseness of the spleen suspensory ligaments, and it may manifest as an acute abdomen due to the spleen becoming twisted around its vascular base. CASE PRESENTATION: This study reports the case of a wandering spleen attached to the omentum (with blood supply from the omentum) in the pelvic area, with ectopic appendix (located in the right upper quadrant), ectopic liver (located in the abdominal midline), and ectopic stomach (located in the right upper abdominal region), in a 15-year-old male complaining about abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and lack of appetite, who was referred to the hospital. The patient underwent laparotomy with the diagnosis of acute abdomen; the twisted ectopic spleen in the pelvis was removed and appendectomy was also performed. The clinical manifestations of wandering spleen vary extensively, and its presurgical diagnosis is difficult in the absence of radiological studies. Therefore, spleen torsion has to be considered as a diagnosis for acute abdomen in order to prevent necrosis of the spleen and other related complications. CONCLUSION: Wandering spleen should be borne in mind for patients presenting with a palpable intra-abdominal mass causing acute or intermittent abdominal symptoms.

Persian Version of VEINES-QOL/Sym Questionnaire in Iranian Patients With Deep Venous Thrombosis: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The present study was done to assess the cultural adaption and psychometric properties of Persian version of VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire in Iranian patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). METHODS: This cross-cultural psychometrics study was conducted in 2016. About 270 DVT patients completed a Persian version of the VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire. The face, content, and construct validity were assessed. Internal consistency, test-retest, and construct reliability (CR) were used to assess reliability. RESULTS: Three-factor solution was extracted that explaining 71.373% of the total variance. Goodness-of-fit indices (GFI; χ2(68) =332.037, p < .05, χ2/df = 4.882, GFI = .862, CFI = .928, NFI = .914, IFI = .928, RMSEA (90% confidence interval) =.091 [.081, .110]) in the final VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire structure demonstrated the adequacy of the three-domain structure. The reliability was greater than .70. CONCLUSIONS: The VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire was found to be a valid and reliable assessment tool for quality of life in Iranian patients with DVT.

Effectiveness of Counseling Based on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy with Enhanced Cognitive Therapy on the Sexual Quality of Life of Married Adolescent Women / Eficácia do aconselhamento baseado em psicoterapia analítica funcional - Com abordagem de terapia cognitiva aprimorada (FECT) na qualidade de vida sexual de mulheres adolescentes casadas

Abstract Objective Early marriage has many deleterious effects on the health of girls, such as sexual dissatisfaction, an inevitable result of the lack of sufficient knowledge about sexual issues at the time of the marriage. The goal of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling based on functional analytic psychotherapy with enhanced cognitive therapy (FECT) on the sexual quality of life of married adolescent women. Methods This clinical trial was conducted between July and October 2019 on 150 married adolescent women who met the inclusion criteria. In the intervention group, FECTwas conducted in sixteen 90-minute sessions twice a week. The Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire was used. When the study ended, the control group was given the choice of receiving the same intervention as the intervention group. Results The paired t-test showed a significant difference between the mean score of sexual quality of life before (52.33±23.09) and after (88.08±10.51) counseling in the intervention group (p<0.0001). According to the analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference between the score on sexual quality after counseling between the intervention (88.08±10.51) and control (60.32±23.73) groups (p<0.0001). There was also a significant difference between the mean score on the four dimensions of sexual quality of life in the intervention group (p<0.0001). Conclusion The results showed that counseling based on FECT improved the sexual quality of life in all dimensions in married adolescent women.

Resumo Objetivo O casamento precoce tem muitos efeitos deletérios sobre a saúde das meninas, como a insatisfação sexual, resultado inevitável da falta de conhecimento suficiente sobre questões sexuais no momento do casamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a eficácia do aconselhamento baseado em psicoterapia analítica funcional com terapia cognitiva aprimorada (FECT) na qualidade de vida sexual de mulheres adolescentes casadas. Métodos Este ensaio clínico foi realizado entre julho e outubro de 2019 em 150 mulheres adolescentes casadas que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. No grupo de intervenção, FECT foi realizado em dezesseis sessões de 90 minutos duas vezes por semana. Foi utilizado o questionário Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F). Quando o estudo terminou o grupo de controle teve a opção de receber a mesma intervenção do grupo de intervenção. Resultados O teste t pareado mostrou diferença significativa entre o escore médio da qualidade de vida sexual antes (52,33±23,09) e após (88,08±10,51) o aconselhamento no grupo intervenção (p<0,0001). De acordo com a análise de covariância houve diferença significativa entre o escore de qualidade sexual após aconselhamento entre os grupos intervenção (88,08±10,51) e controle (60,32±23,73) (p<0,0001). Também houve diferença significativa entre a pontuação média nas quatro dimensões da qualidade de vida sexual no grupo de intervenção (p<0,0001). Conclusão Os resultados mostraram que o aconselhamento baseado no FECT melhorou a qualidade de vida sexual em todas as dimensões em mulheres adolescentes casadas.

Incentives for self-management after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND: Chronic illnesses such as coronary heart disease are among the most prevalent and costly of all global health problems. Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, including Iran. One aspect of living with chronic illness is self-management which can reduce the impact of illness on daily life and maintain the quality of life. A qualitative understanding of how patients perceive the necessity of self-management is important for self-management support. The current study aims to determine patients' perception of the need for self-management following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a content analysis approach to conduct this qualitative study. Data were collected by interviews with 25 patients who underwent CABG surgery at least 1 year prior to the study. Purposeful, followed by theoretical sampling was used until data saturation. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative content analysis according to the Graneheim and Lundman approach. RESULTS: Participants had different perceptions regarding the need for self-management. Three themes, "reflective thinking," "information revision," and "beliefs influences," comprised the basis of forming patients' perceptions to the need for self-management. CONCLUSIONS: Patients' perceptions vary regarding the need for self-management. The difference in perception should be the basis for training programs to guide CABG patients for successful self-management.