Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) scale.

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical measurement. OBJECTIVES: To translate, adapt, and test the measurement properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire. BACKGROUND: It is important to objectively measure symptoms and functional limitations related to patellar tendinopathy using outcome measures that have been validated in the language of the target population. Cross-cultural adaptations are also useful to enhance the understanding of the measurement properties of an assessment tool, regardless of the target language. METHODS: The VISA-P questionnaire was translated into Brazilian Portuguese, culturally adapted, and titled VISA-P Brazil. It was then administered on 2 occasions with a 24- to 48-hour interval between them, and a third time after a month of physical therapy treatment. The following measurement properties were analyzed: internal consistency, test-retest reliability, agreement, construct validity, floor and ceiling effects, and responsiveness. RESULTS: The VISA-P Brazil had high internal consistency (Cronbach α = .76; if item deleted, Cronbach α = .69-.78), excellent reliability and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.85, 0.95; standard error of measurement, 5.2 points; minimal detectable change at the 90% confidence level, 12.2 points), and good construct validity (Pearson r = 0.60 compared to Lysholm). No ceiling and floor effects were detected for the VISA-P Brazil, and the responsiveness, based on 32 patients receiving physical therapy intervention for 1 month, demonstrated a large effect size of 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.68, 1.25). CONCLUSION: The VISA-P Brazil is a reproducible and responsive tool and can be used in clinical practice and research to assess the severity of pain and disability of patients with patellar tendinopathy.

Força de preensão manual de atletas tenistas avaliada por diferentes recomendações de teste / Handgrip strength evaluation on tennis players sing

A avaliação da força de preensão manual (FPM) em tenistas competitivos deve ser realizada devido à assimetria que o jogador pode desenvolver. Para avaliar a FPM, profissionais utilizam dois protocolos diferentes (das Sociedades Americana e Europeia). Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar a FPM usando a técnica do European Test of Physical Fitness Handbook (Eurofit) e da American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT), bem como verificar a FPM entre o lado dominante/contralateral e comparar a FPM entre as idades em atletas de tênis da categoria infanto-juvenil. Participaram do estudo 137 tenistas do gênero masculino e 45 do feminino, todos com idade entre oito e 18 anos. Para avaliar a FPM, segundo as recomendações da Eurofit e ASHT, foi utilizado um dinamômetro manual (Jamar). Nenhum dos sujeitos avaliados apresentava qualquer lesão que pudesse comprometer o teste. Os resultados mostram que não há diferença na FPM entre os posicionamentos recomendados pela Eurofit e ASHT para medir a FPM independente do gênero. A curva sigmoide foi a que melhor se adequou para regressão da FPM e idade em ambos os gêneros sendo que para o masculino a FPM tem maior inclinação aos 11 anos, já para o feminino a maior inclinação é aos 10 anos. Além disso, a partir dos 14 anos, o lado dominante dos atletas masculinos apresentou maior FPM que o lado não dominante; contudo, essa assimetria não ocorreu no feminino em qualquer idade até os 18 anos.

It is important to assess the handgrip strength (HS) in competitive tennis players due to asymmetry between the dominant and contra lateral hands that players might develop. In order to assess HS, clinicians can use two protocols already established that are different from each other (from European Test of Physical Fitness Handbook [Eurofit] or American Society of Hand Therapists [ASHT]. The objective of this study was threefold: Firstly to compare the HS using the Eurofit and ASHT technique; secondly to compare HS between dominant/nondominant hands, and last, to compare the handgrip between ages of juvenile tennis player athletes. 137 male and 45 female tennis players (aged between 8 and 18 years) participated in the study. In order to assess HS following the Eurofit and ASHT recommendations, a Jamar dynamometer was used. None of the athletes had any injury that could compromise tests. There was no difference in handgrip strength between Eurofit and ASHT recommendations regardless of sex. The best curve to describe the regression of HS and age for both genders was a sigmoid function. Males presented a higher slope at 11 years and females had a higher slope at 10 years. Moreover, in male athletes dominant HS presented higher values than non-dominant HS beginning at 14 years. However, for the females the asymmetry in HS did not occur for any age until 18 years.

Amplitude de movimento, características de equipamento e freqüência de lesões em tenistas da categoria infanto-juvenil / Range of motion, equipment characteristics and injuries frequency in juvenile tennis players

Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar as amplitudes de movimento (ADM), as características da raquete e lesões em tenistas. Foram avaliados 182 tenistas da categoria infanto-juvenil em um estudo transversal. Os resultados não mostraram associações entre gênero, empunhadura, dominância, presença de lesões ou articulação lesionada. A correlação entre idade e tensão no encordoamento independente do gênero foi fraca, entretanto o encordoamento dos meninos apresentou maior tensão. Para a ADM, não houve diferença na comparação entre os gêneros. Contudo a flexão do punho não dominante (78° [1° quartil = 74° e 3° quartil = 84°] nos dois gêneros) é maior que a dominante (74° [68° e 80°] nos meninos e 76° [72° e 80°] nas meninas). A extensão do punho dominante nos homens é maior (78° [74° e 84°]) que o contralateral (74° [68° e 80°]), já nas meninas o inverso ocorre, a extensão do punho não dominante (74° [70° e 80°]) é maior que a dominante (70° [60° e 76°]). Para o cotovelo, ambos os gêneros apresentam maior ADM do lado não dominante (146° [142° e 150°] nos meninos e 148° [142° e 151°] nas meninas) comparado ao dominante (142° [139° e 146°] nos meninos e 144° [141° e 148°] nas meninas).

The aim of this study was to verify range of motion (ROM), racquet characteristics, hand dominance and injuries in tennis players. 182 tennis players from juvenile categories was evaluated in a cross sectional study. The results did not present associations between gender, racquet grip, hand dominance, injuries presence or injured joint. The correlation between age and racquet tension was weak independent of gender, however boys use a higher racquet tension. The comparison between gender ROM did not present differences, however the non-dominant hand has more flexion (78°[1° quartile = 74° and 3° quartile = 84°]) than dominant (74° [68° and 80°] to boys and 76° [72° and 80°] to girls). The dominant hand of males has more extension (78° [74° and 84°]) than non-dominant (74°[68° and 80°), but in females the non-dominant hand present more extension (74°[70° and 80°]) than dominant (70° [60° and 76°]). To the elbow, both genders present greater ROM of non-dominant side (146° [142° and 150°] to boys and 148° [142° and 151°] to girls) in comparison with dominant side (142° [139° and 146°] to boys and 144° [141° and 148°] to girls).