Recent advances with erythrocytes as therapeutics carriers.

Erythrocytes have gained popularity as a natural option for in vivo drug delivery due to their advantages, which include lengthy circulation times, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Consequently, the drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in red blood cells can be considerably up the dosage. Here, we provide an overview of the erythrocyte membrane's structure and discuss the characteristics of erythrocytes that influence their suitability as carrier systems. We also cover current developments in the erythrocyte-based nanocarrier, which could be used for both active and passive targeting of disease tissues, particularly those of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and cancer tissues. We also go over the most recent discoveries about the in vivo and in vitro uses of erythrocytes for medicinal and diagnostic purposes. Moreover, the clinical relevance of erythrocytes is discussed in order to improve comprehension and enable the potential use of erythrocyte carriers in the management of various disorders.

Biocompatibility and nanostructured materials: applications in nanomedicine.

There has been huge interest in applications of nanomaterials in biomedical science, including diagnosis, drug delivery, and development of human organs. Number of these nanomaterials has been already studied in human or at pre-clinical trial. There is a growing concern on potential toxicity and adverse effects of nanomaterials on human health, including lack of standard method of assessment of toxicology of these materials. Our investigation indicated that the bare and small nanoparticle have higher toxicity than modified and bulk materials, respectively. In addition, spherical nanoparticles have less toxicity than rod nanoparticles due to immune response of body.