Sedative effects of an intramuscular or intranasal combination of sufentanil and midazolam in New Zealand White rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sedative effects of a combination of sufentanil and midazolam administered intramuscularly (IM) or intranasally (IN) prior to induction of anesthesia with propofol in New Zealand White rabbits. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, crossover, experimental study. ANIMALS: A total of 11 adult New Zealand White rabbits. METHODS: Sufentanil (0.5 µg kg-1) and midazolam (2 mg kg-1) were administered to rabbits via IM or IN route. The righting reflex was assessed, and sedation was scored. Heart rate, respiratory rate (fR) and temperature were recorded prior to treatment administration and after loss of the righting reflex. RESULTS: Measured variables remained within normal physiologic ranges for all rabbits. The only statistically significant change was for fR, which was significantly lower after sedation for both routes. The time to loss of righting reflex was 14.8 ± 6.5 and 12.5 ± 7.4 minutes and sedation scores were 6 (4-8) and 7 (6-8) for IM and IN routes, respectively, with no difference between treatments. No adverse effects were observed during the experimental period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sufentanil combined with midazolam administered either IM or IN resulted in moderate to deep sedation in New Zealand White rabbits at the dose rates studied.

Comparação entre duas metodologias para a realização do teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT) em caprinos / Comparison among two methodologys at realization nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) in caprines

O teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT) é um dos métodos mais utilizados para a avaliação do metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos. Porém, o custo por amostra e o tempo de utilização do corante são desvantagens do método. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar duas metodologias para realização do teste do NBT a fim de maximizar a sua utilização e diminuir o custo por amostra processada. Foram utilizadas 10 cabras, adultas clinicamente sadias e colhidas amostras de sangue por meio de venipunção jugular em tubos de 10mL sendo retirada uma alíquota de 500µL em tubo "eppendorff" contendo 2µL de heparina. Através desta alíquota foram realizadas três metodologias para o teste do NBT: A) técnica original Park & Good (1970); B) redução de 50% do volume do corante; C) redução de 50% e armazenamento do corante a -20°C por 180 dias. Foram confeccionados e corados esfregaços sanguíneos (May Grünwald-Giemsa) das amostras com as metodologias propostas e realizada contagem de 100 neutrófilos em microscopia óptica para determinar o percentual de neutrófilos reativos ao NBT. A análise estatística pelo método de Análise de Medidas Repetida (ANOVA) demonstrou diferenças significativas (P<0,05) entre os dois métodos e o original (A=14,4±4,6; B=1,9±1,4; C=1,1±0,9), porém apresentou alta correlação pelo teste de Spearman entre os métodos (rs=0,82 (AxB), rs=0,75 (BxC) e rs=0,93 (AxC)). Conclui-se que o teste de Redução do Tetrazólio Nitroazul (NBT) segundo a metodologia descrita por Park & Good (1970) e a redução do corante em 50% do seu volume e a sua redução associada ao congelamento por 180 dias a -20ºC podem ser realizadas em caprinos, porém os valores devem ser comparados com as respectivas metodologias utilizadas.(AU)

The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) is one of the most used methods to evaluate the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils. However, the cost for each sample and dye's life-time are disadvantages of the method. This paper aim was to compare two NBT test methodologies in order to maximize its use and decrease the cost for each sample. It was made using 10 adult and healthy goats and blood samples were taken through venipuncion in jugular vein, using 10mL tubes, and then a 500µL sample was taken in eppendoff tubes with 2µL of heparin. Using this sample were made three methodologies for the NBT test: A) Park & Good (1970) original technique; B) dye reduction in 50% of the volume; C) 50% reduction and dye storage at -20°C for 180 days. It was made and dyed the blood smear (May Grünwald-Giemsa) from the samples, using the proposed methodologies and then made the counting of 100 neutrophils in optic microscopy, to determinate the percentage of NBT reactive neutrophils. The statistic analysis by the method of Repeated Measuring Analysis (ANOVA) evinced significant differences (P<0,05) between the two methods and the original (A=14.4±4.6; B=1.9±1.4; C=1.1±0.9), however it showed high correlation by the Spearman test between the methods (rs=0,82 (AxB), rs=0,75 (BxC) e rs=0.93 (AxC)). It was concluded that the original Park & Good (1970) method and two methodologies for dye reduction in 50% and it's reduction associated with NBT dye freezing for 180 days can be used in caprines, but the values should be compared with their respective methodologies.(AU)