Effect of the oscillating magnetic field on airborne fungal.

This study shows that some species of fungi are affected by the magnetic field, which should be taken into account in studies of airborne fungal and air quality. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the oscillating magnetic field (OMF) on the behavior of colonies of three fungi genus growth in different culture mediums. The stains were: Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium citrinum and were inoculated in 90 mm Petri dishes with: Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Czapek-Dox Agar (CDA). Was applied them OMF of 60 Hz/220 V between 1 and 5 mT during 2 h and then they were incubated 7 days to 28 °C. Colonies size (mm) every day was measured. Stimulation in the colonies size of all experimental conditions was showed; the greatest size of A. niger in MEA was notorious. It was demonstrated by statist analyze that only colonies size with 1 mT was significance respect to the control. The effect of OMF on the cellular metabolism was evidenced, as well as: less exudation and major pigmentation of P. citrinum in MEA; variation of pigmentation of A. niger and C. cladosporioides in CDA and increase of conidiogenesis of A. niger in SDA. Was concluded that the applied OMF had a major influence on size colony and mycelia pigmentation of A. niger that C. cladosporioides and P. citrinum, independently of the nutritional state according to the culture medium employed in this study.

[Influence of magnetic field on the growth of pathogen microorganisms isolated from the indoor environment at the Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba]. / Influencia del campo magnético sobre el crecimiento de microorganismos patógenos ambientales aislados en el Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba.

INTRODUCTION: Electromagnetic pollution has been detected at the Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba and the influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields could be quantified with pathogenic microorganisms isolated from the indoor environment. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the influence of an extremely low frequency magnetic field on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms isolated from the environment at the Archivo Nacional. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used five microorganisms isolated at the Archivo Nacional: Streptococcus sp. (1), Listeria sp. (2) and Candida guillermondii (3), and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (4) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5) as references. We applied this magnetic field of extremely low frequency, 60 Hz/220 V (3 mT), for two hours to these microorganisms on three culture tubes with distilled water and nutrient broth. Then we inoculated 0.1 mL in the following solid culture mediums on Petri dishes: CromoCen SC Agar (1 and 2), Potato Dextrose Agar (3), CromoCen DC 4227 (4) and Malt Extract Agar (5). The colonies were counted (log CFU/mL) by digital processing of the images of Petri dishes using the MatLab ® tool. RESULTS: We observed a statistically significant stimulation (p=0.05) in the quantity of treated colonies as compared to controls, which was higher in nutrient broth than in distilled water, and in bacteria (nutrient broth and treated colonies: 9.43 to 10.62 CFU/mL) as compared with yeasts (nutrient broth-treated colonies: 8.31 to 8.79 CFU/mL). In decreasing order, stimulation was as follows: Listeria sp., E. coli ATCC 25922, Streptococcus sp., C. guillermondii and S. cerevisiae . CONCLUSION: We concluded that the magnetic field applied had a stimulating effect on the microorganisms under study, which increases the risk to the health of staff and visitors at the Archivo Nacional .

Essential Oils of Plants as Biocides against Microorganisms Isolated from Cuban and Argentine Documentary Heritage.

Natural products obtained from plants with biocidal activity represent an alternative and useful source in the control of biodeterioration of documentary heritage, without negative environmental and human impacts. In this work, we studied the antimicrobial activity of seven essential oils against microorganisms associated with the biodeterioration of documentary heritage. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed using the agar diffusion method against 4 strains of fungi and 6 bacterial strains isolated from repositories air and documents of the National Archive of the Republic of Cuba and the Historical Archive of the Museum of La Plata, Argentina. Anise and garlic oils showed the best antifungal activity at all concentrations studied, while oregano oil not only was effective against fungi tested but also prevented sporulation of them all. Orange sweet and laurel oils were ineffective against fungi. Clove, garlic, and oregano oils showed the highest antibacterial activity at 25% against Enterobacter agglomerans and Streptomyces sp., while only clove and oregano oils were effective against Bacillus sp. at all concentrations studied. This study has an important implication for the possible use of the natural products from plants in the control of biodeterioration of documentary heritage.

Influencia del campo magnético sobre el crecimiento de microorganismos patógenos ambientales aislados en el Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba / Influence of magnetic field on the growth of pathogen microorganisms isolated from the indoor environment at the Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba

Introducción. En el Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba, existe contaminación electromagnética y la influencia del campo magnético oscilante de frecuencia extremadamente baja podría cuantificarse con microorganismos patógenos aislados de su ambiente interior. Objetivo. Cuantificar la influencia de este tipo de campo magnético sobre el crecimiento de microorganismos patógenos aislados del ambiente en el Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon cinco microorganismos: Streptococcus sp. (1), Listeria sp. (2) y Candida guillermondii (3), aislados en el Archivo, así como Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (4) y Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5), como referencia. Se les aplicó un campo magnético oscilante de frecuencia extremadamente baja de 60 Hz/220 V de 3 mT durante dos horas, en tres tubos de cultivo con agua destilada y con caldo nutriente. Después se inocularon 0,1 ml en placas de Petri con los medios de cultivo agar CromoCen SC (1 y 2), agar de dextrosa y papa (3), agar CromoCen CC 4227 (4) y agar con extracto de malta (5). Las colonias se contaron (log UFC/ml) mediante el procesamiento digital de las imágenes de las placas de Petri empleando el programa MatLab ® . Resultados. Se observó una estimulación significativa (p=0,05) de la cantidad de colonias tratadas con respecto a los controles, siendo mayor en el caldo nutriente que en el agua destilada y más en las bacterias (caldo nutriente-colonias tratadas: 9,43 a 10,62 UFC/ml) que en las levaduras (caldo nutriente-colonias tratadas: 8,31 a 8,79 UFC/ml). La estimulación se produjo en orden decreciente así: Listeria sp., E. coli ATCC 25922, Streptococcus sp., C. guillermondii y S. cerevisiae . Conclusión. Se concluyó que el campo magnético aplicado tuvo un efecto estimulante sobre los microorganismos estudiados, lo cual potencia el riesgo para la salud del personal y los visitantes del Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba.

Introduction: Electromagnetic pollution has been detected at the Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba and the influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields could be quantified with pathogenic microorganisms isolated from the indoor environment. Objective: To quantify the influence of an extremely low frequency magnetic field on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms isolated from the environment at the Archivo Nacional. Materials and methods: We used five microorganisms isolated at the Archivo Nacional: Streptococcus sp. (1), Listeria sp. (2) and Candida guillermondii (3), and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (4) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5) as references. We applied this magnetic field of extremely low frequency, 60 Hz/220 V (3 mT), for two hours to these microorganisms on three culture tubes with distilled water and nutrient broth. Then we inoculated 0.1 mL in the following solid culture mediums on Petri dishes: CromoCen SC Agar (1 and 2), Potato Dextrose Agar (3), CromoCen DC 4227 (4) and Malt Extract Agar (5). The colonies were counted (log CFU/mL) by digital processing of the images of Petri dishes using the MatLab ® tool. Results: We observed a statistically significant stimulation (p=0.05) in the quantity of treated colonies as compared to controls, which was higher in nutrient broth than in distilled water, and in bacteria (nutrient broth and treated colonies: 9.43 to 10.62 CFU/mL) as compared with yeasts (nutrient broth-treated colonies: 8.31 to 8.79 CFU/mL). In decreasing order, stimulation was as follows: Listeria sp., E. coli ATCC 25922, Streptococcus sp., C. guillermondii and S. cerevisiae . Conclusion: We concluded that the magnetic field applied had a stimulating effect on the microorganisms under study, which increases the risk to the health of staff and visitors at the Archivo Nacional .