Intermittent fasting two days versus one day per week, matched for total energy intake and expenditure, increases weight loss in overweight/obese men and women.

BACKGROUND: Intermittent fasting (IF), consisting of either a one-day (IF1) or two consecutive days (IF2) per week, is commonly used for optimal body weight loss. Our laboratory has previously shown an IF1 diet combined with 6d/week of protein pacing (P; 4-5 meals/day evenly spaced, ~ 30% protein/day) significantly enhances weight loss, body composition, and cardiometabolic health in obese men and women. Whether an IF1-P or IF2-P, matched for weekly energy intake (EI) and expenditure (EE), is superior for weight loss, body composition, and cardiometabolic health is unknown. METHODS: This randomized control study directly compared an IF1-P (n = 10) versus an IF2-P (n = 10) diet on weight loss and body composition, cardiovascular (blood pressure and lipids), hormone, and hunger responses in 20 overweight men and women during a 4-week weight loss period. Participants received weekly dietary counseling and monitoring of compliance from a registered dietitian. All outcome variables were assessed pre (week 0) and post (week 5). RESULTS: Both groups significantly reduced body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fat mass, hunger, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and increased percent fat-free mass (p < 0.05). However, IF2-P resulted in significantly greater reductions in body weight (-29%) and waist circumference (-38%) compared to IF1-P (p < 0.05), and showed a strong tendency for greater reductions in fat mass, glucose, and hunger levels (p < 0.10) despite similar weekly total EI (IF1-P, 9058 ± 692 vs. IF2-P, 8389 ± 438 kcals/week; p = 0.90), EE (~ 300 kcals/day; p = 0.79), and hormone responses (p > 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support short-term IF1-P and IF2-P to optimize weight loss and improve body composition, cardiometabolic health, and hunger management, with IF2-P providing enhanced benefits in overweight women and men. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered March 03, 2020 at www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov as NCT04327141 .

Who is Represented in the Research on Undergraduate Research Experiences in the Natural Sciences? A Review of Literature.

Positive outcomes from undergraduate research experiences (UREs) have resulted in calls to broaden and diversify participation in research. However, we have little understanding of what demographics are reported and considered in the analyses of student outcomes from UREs. Without this information, it is impossible to assess whether participation in UREs has been diversified and how outcomes may vary by participant identity. Through a comprehensive literature search, we systematically identified 147 peer-reviewed research articles on student participation in UREs in the natural sciences, published between 2014 and 2020. We coded each paper to document which student demographic variables are reported and considered in analyses. The majority (88%) of articles on UREs reported at least one demographic variable and 62% incorporate demographics into their analyses, but demographics beyond gender and race/ethnicity were infrequently considered. Articles on independent research apprenticeships included demographics in their analyses more frequently than studies on course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs). Trends in reporting and analyzing demographics did not change from 2014 to 2020. Future efforts to collect these data will help assess whether goals to diversify UREs are being met and inform how to design UREs to meet the needs of diverse student groups.

An Analysis of the Impact of Religious Affiliation and Strength of Religiosity on Sexual Health Practices of Sexually Active Female College Students.

Despite great strides in the development of contraceptive technologies, the United States has one of the highest teen pregnancy rates in the world. Religion and associated values may shape the sexual health behaviors of college students, as prior studies have aimed to determine how social factors may influence the use of contraception amongst college students. Thus, we sought to examine the differences in current contraceptive methods and the age of first contraceptive usage among sexually active female college students with different religious affiliations and strengths of religiosity. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in current contraceptive methods among different religious affiliations and strengths of religions and that there would be a difference in the age of first contraceptive usage among different religious affiliations and strengths of religiosity. Two hundred and twenty-four college-aged females completed a 20-question survey about sexual health and religious practices. Chi-squared tests were implemented to determine the frequencies of responses across religious affiliations and strengths of religiosity. Significant differences in the frequency of responses for the age of first contraceptive usage were observed across different strengths of religiosity (p = 0.016) and for the self-perceived impact of religion on sexual health across different religious affiliations (p = 0.033) and strengths of religiosity (p = 0.005). All other differences were found not to be statistically significant. It was determined that increased strengths of religiosity resulted in delayed onset of contraceptive usage and that both different religious affiliations and greater strengths of religiosity lead to different self-perceived impacts of religion on sexual health despite low levels of current practice.

Factors that predict life sciences student persistence in undergraduate research experiences.

Undergraduate research experiences (UREs) have the potential to benefit undergraduates and longer UREs have been shown to lead to greater benefits for students. However, no studies have examined what causes students to stay in or consider leaving their UREs. In this study, we examined what factors cause students to stay in their UREs, what factors cause students to consider leaving their UREs, and what factors cause students to leave their UREs. We sampled from 25 research-intensive (R1) public universities across the United States and surveyed 768 life sciences undergraduates who were currently participating in or had previously participated in a URE. Students answered closed-ended and open-ended questions about factors that they perceived influenced their persistence in UREs. We used logistic regression to explore to what extent student demographics predicted what factors influenced students to stay in or consider leaving their UREs. We applied open-coding methods to probe the student-reported reasons why students chose to stay in and leave their UREs. Fifty percent of survey respondents considered leaving their URE, and 53.1% of those students actually left their URE. Students who reported having a positive lab environment and students who indicated enjoying their everyday research tasks were more likely to not consider leaving their UREs. In contrast, students who reported a negative lab environment or that they were not gaining important knowledge or skills were more likely to leave their UREs. Further, we identified that gender, race/ethnicity, college generation status, and GPA predicted which factors influenced students' decisions to persist in their UREs. This research provides important insight into how research mentors can create UREs that undergraduates are willing and able to participate in for as long as possible.

Intervención educativa para incrementar los conocimientos sobre bioseguridad en el personal de enfermería de una institución hospitalaria / Educative intervention to increase the knowledge on biosafety in the nursing staff of a hospital

Se realizó una intervención educativa con el objetivo de incrementar el nivel de conocimiento sobre bioseguridad en el personal de enfermería del Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. El universo quedó conformado por 103 enfermeras (os), a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta inicial o diagnóstica para identificar los conocimientos sobre bioseguridad, posteriormente se diseñó un programa docente educativo con las necesidades de aprendizaje identificadas. Para la intervención se organizaron 3 grupos para garantizar la factibilidad, con un total de 16 h de docencia en 8 semanas para cada grupo. Al finalizar se aplicó nuevamente la encuesta inicial para evaluar el impacto de las actividades docentes. Se obtuvo como resultados de la encuesta diagnóstica que el 100 por ciento del personal de enfermería se encuentra expuesto al riesgo biológico y algo más de la mitad (55,3 por ciento) está expuesto a doble riesgo, biológico-radiológico. Antes de la intervención hubo desconocimiento (35,0 por ciento) de las precauciones universales de bioseguridad, en las precauciones en el manejo de las muestras de sangre (19,4 por ciento), con la ropa sucia (17,4 por ciento) y con los objetos punzo cortantes (23,3 por ciento). Posterior a la intervención, el 100 por ciento del personal mostró conocimientos sobre los indicadores explorados. Se puede concluir que el proyecto de intervención fue efectivo, ya que se incrementó el nivel de conocimientos sobre bioseguridad en el personal de enfermería del Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular(AU)

He/she was carried out an educational intervention with the objective of increasing the level of knowledge it has more than enough bioseguridad in the personnel of infirmary of the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. The universe was conformed by 103 nurses (you) to who were applied an initial survey or diagnóstica to identify the knowledge it has more than enough bioseguridad, later on an educational educational program was designed with the identified learning necessities. For the intervention they were organized 3 groups to guarantee the feasibility, with a total of 16 h of docencia in 8 weeks for each group. When being concluded it applied the initial survey again to evaluate the impact of the educational activities. It was obtained as results of the survey diagnóstica that the infirmary personnel's 100 percent is exposed to the biological risk and something more than the half (55,3 percent) it is exposed to double risk, biological-radiological. Before the intervention there was ignorance (35,0 percent) of the universal cautions of bioseguridad, in the cautions in the handling of the samples of blood (19,4 percent), with the dirty laundry (17,4 percent) and with the objects I puncture sharp (23,3 percent). Later to the intervention, the personnel's 100 percent showed knowledge on the explored indicators. You can conclude that the intervention project was effective, since the level of knowledge was increased it has more than enough bioseguridad in the personnel of infirmary of the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery(AU)

Intervención educativa para incrementar los conocimientos sobre bioseguridad en el personal de enfermería de una institución hospitalaria / Educative intervention to increase the knowledge on biosafety in the nursing staff of a hospital

Se realizó una intervención educativa con el objetivo de incrementar el nivel de conocimiento sobre bioseguridad en el personal de enfermería del Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. El universo quedó conformado por 103 enfermeras (os), a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta inicial o diagnóstica para identificar los conocimientos sobre bioseguridad, posteriormente se diseñó un programa docente educativo con las necesidades de aprendizaje identificadas. Para la intervención se organizaron 3 grupos para garantizar la factibilidad, con un total de 16 h de docencia en 8 semanas para cada grupo. Al finalizar se aplicó nuevamente la encuesta inicial para evaluar el impacto de las actividades docentes. Se obtuvo como resultados de la encuesta diagnóstica que el 100 por ciento del personal de enfermería se encuentra expuesto al riesgo biológico y algo más de la mitad (55,3 por ciento) está expuesto a doble riesgo, biológico-radiológico. Antes de la intervención hubo desconocimiento (35,0 por ciento) de las precauciones universales de bioseguridad, en las precauciones en el manejo de las muestras de sangre (19,4 por ciento), con la ropa sucia (17,4 por ciento) y con los objetos punzo cortantes (23,3 por ciento). Posterior a la intervención, el 100 por ciento del personal mostró conocimientos sobre los indicadores explorados. Se puede concluir que el proyecto de intervención fue efectivo, ya que se incrementó el nivel de conocimientos sobre bioseguridad en el personal de enfermería del Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular(AU)